The real monster in Frankenstein novel by Mary Shelley.

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The Real Monster in

Frankenstein

novel by Mary Shelley

A THESIS

Submit as Partial for Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of Arts and Humanities UIN Sunan Ampel

Surabaya

Nur Aini Setyaningrum A93213159

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES

UIN SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA

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ABSTRACT

Setyaningrum, Nur Aini. 2017.The Real Monster in Mary Shelley’s novel

Frankenstein.English Department, Faculty of Art and Humanities, the State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

Advisor: Itsna Syahadatud Dinurriyah, MA.

This thesis focuses on the deconstruction of monster image inFrankenstein novel by Mary Shelley. The novel tells about a man who has a big ambition to nature science, called as Victor Frankenstein. He has an ambition to create a human like him. This thesis aims to describe of monster image in other perception. Victor Frankenstein and his creature are the characters that be analyzed to deconstruct the image of monster in this novel. Derrida’s theory of deconstruction will be used to analyze both of characters. The result of this thesis shows that the real monster on this novel is Victor Frankenstein. His madness and his changeable act prove that he is the chaos maker in this novel.

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INTISARI

Setyaningrum, Nur Aini. 2017.The Real Monster in Mary Shelley’s novel

Frankenstein.Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

Dosen Pembimbing: Itsna Syahadatud Dinurriyah, MA.

Skripsi ini berfokus pada dekonstruksi dari penggambaran monster di novel Frankensteindi novel Mary Shelley. Novel ini bercerita tentang seorang laki-laki yang mempunyai ambisi yang besar terhadap ilmu pengetahuan, Victor Frankenstein. Dia mempunyai ambisi untuk menciptakan seorang manusia seperti dirinya. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan sosok seorang monster dari sudut pandang yang lain. Victor Frankenstein dan ciptaannya akan menjadi objek dari dekonstruksi ini. Teori dekonstruksi dari Derrida akan digunakan untuk meneliti kedua karakter ini. Hasil dari skripsi ini membuktikan bahwa Victor Frankenstein adalah monster yang sesungguhnya di novel ini. Kegilaannya dan sifatnya yang berubah-ubah menjadi penyebab dari semua kekacauan yang ada.

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stock conventions of the genre: an intricate plot; stock characters; subterranean labyrinths; ruined castles; and supernatural occurrences_.While it is presented, at first, a topic for argument and inflammatory rhetoric, over the years the gothic has come to be respected as a venerable although still controversial genre. Nowadays, gothic novel becomes one favorite genre in literature because they have unique character than other genres.

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Gothic relies on mystery, peril, romantic relationships and sense of foreboding for their strong, emotional effect on the reader. The gothic writer builds a series of credible, emotional crises for his ultimately triumphant heroine. Generally, gothic literature learns into the horrifying nature of humanity in its investigation to satisfy humankind’s intrinsic desire to take depth bearings of terror. There are some

descriptors that frequently appear in works called gothic, such as, the appearance of the supernatural; the psychology of horror or terror; the poetics of the sublime; a sense of mystery and dread; the appealing hero or villain; the distressed heroine; and strong moral closure (Thomson 12). These descriptors become main characteristics of one literary work called as gothic.

A villain-hero has an important role to form the gothic novel. They can be various characters one of them is monster. There are many description of monster itself. In the Greeks and Roman legend, monsters were described as peculiarity– warnings of the coming disaster. The word “monster”, from the Latin monstrum, implies as a warning or potent. Many sources that tell about the monster body, even the term of “monster”, itself was used sinceseventeenth century. It was told by Daston and Park in their journal entitledUnnatural Conceptions: He Study of Monsters in Sixteenth and Seventeenth-Century France and England. They said if the term of monster was learned since sixteenth and seventeenth century.

“Monsters figured in literature directed towards more learned audiences in

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centuries. Philosophers like Bacon incorporated them into treatments of nature and natural history; civil and canon lawyers debated the marriage ability of hermaphrodites and whether both heads of Siamese twins deserved baptism; hack writers retailed wood cuts and ballads about the latest pretergeneration and General audiences eagerly consumed proliferating accounts of monstrous births, both classical and modern, exotic and domestic” (Daston and Park 22).

The mindset of the monster’s image is already formed in majority people’s

thought that a monster was a cruel creature and scary character in story with enormous body and ugly appearance. How they are created or where they are from appeared was an unimportant problem. This thing was not a weird or wrong perception, because the description of monster itself since the past supported it.

Actually, the term “monster” is not only able to give for someone or

something that has a cruel or bad appearance. Monster can appear as symbols of human vulnerability and crisis, and as such, they play imaginative foils for thinking about human responses to menace.Donna Heiland in"Uncanny Monsters in the Work of Mary Shelley, John Polidori, and James Malcolm Rymer" believed that monsters "tend

to function as warnings or admonitions of one sort of another. They function as uncanny

doubles of our societies, reflecting back to us images of everything that we have cast out

as undesirable or threatening to the status quo, and forcing us to face that which we

would prefer to leave hidden" (Heiland 100).

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student who has an ambition in science, which it was to create a man. Mary Shelley starts this novel with the journey of Robert Walton that meets with Victor

Frankenstein who has been travelling by dog-drawn sledge across the ice and is weakened by the cold. Then, the story continues with the background story of Victor’s life until he does this journey. This novel is one examples of gothic novel.

There are many elements of the gothic novel and the Romantic Movement, and is considered to be one of the earliest examples of science fiction. In this literary work, monster is the main character who appears because the ambition of his creator, Victor Frankenstein.

However, this study will deconstruct the description of monster not only about appearance criteria, but also belongs to their attitude, act, and thought. Carl Gustav Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist, has some characteristics that define what a monster is. Jungian theory talks about ‘individuation’, a process by which the individual is helped to harmonisehis/her ‘persona’ (the self as presented to the world) and ‘the shadow’ (the darker potentially dangerous side of thepersonality that exists in the personal unconscious) (Carter 80).

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who dominated by his ambitions. He shows the dark shadow of him. From this case, Victor’s shadow showsthat a monster not only a creature with bad appearance but also the victim of their creator’s irresponsibility.This study will use the

deconstruction theory to analyze the monster’s image in this novel.

Deconstruction, first defined by the French philosopher Jacques Derrida, is a post-structuralist movement. It is a method for perusing which uncovers the

inconsistencies and mysteries in the consistent structures of philosophical and artistic writings. This method is utilized as a part of the exploration as an apparatus to critically break down the deconstructive procedures that a writer has utilized in some of his work (Gnanasekaran 01). The deconstructive process does not come from the reader/critic but from the text itself; it is already there, it is the tension ‘between what [the texts] manifestlymeans to sayand what it is nonethelessconstrained to mean’ (Norris 19) .

Mary Shelley’s novelFrankensteinis interested to analyze with the

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1.2 Statement of the problem

Related to the background of study, this study will focus on the comparison of characterization of Victor Frankenstein and his creature. Focusing on the idea, which has been mentioned above, this study, formulates the research question as follows:

1 How are Frankenstein and his creature characterized in the novel of Mary Shelley?

2 Who is more appropriate to be called as a monster? 3 How does this novel deconstruct the image of ‘monster’?

1.3 Objective of the study

In accordance with the statement of the problems above, the objectives of the study are:

1 To know who Frankenstein and his creature arein Mary Shelley’s novel 2 To explain both main characters in Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein and

decide the more appropriate to be a monster.

3 To describe how the novel Frankenstein deconstruct the image of monster.

1.4 Significance of the study

By reading this study, it is expected that the reader will enrich the knowledge

of the monster image in other perception. On the other hand, the reader can explore

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study can be considered as a contribution to the literary study especially for students

in English Department in State University of Islamic Studies Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

1.5 Scope and limitation

In this study, there are scope and limitation. This study focuses on the shape of monster in Mary Shelley’s novelFrankenstein.This study limits on the main characters of this novel, Victor Frankenstein and his creature. This study also limits on Derrida’s concept of Deconstruction. The writer does not use all Derrida’s concept, only some theories that suit with the topic.

1.6 Method of the study

To answer the problems of the study, this study uses the library research or it is called as qualitative method and the way that this study used is by library based. Qualitative is chosen because this analysis is about discussing, analyzing and finding the character who more appropriate to be a monster. In addition, qualitative deals with data those are in the form of words, rather than number and statistics. This study will more focus on the main characters in the novel, victor Frankenstein and his creature. Then, this study will write each characterization of both characters to compare it. Therefore, through qualitative method, this study wants to get the

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resources that have relation with this study. There are some steps that the writer used in order to present the analysis:

1. ReadingFrankensteinnovel intensively and decide the topic of this study, the deconstruction ofmonster’s imageinside this novel.

2. Collecting and selecting the data from the novel by comprehending reading to get the accurate data, like journals and books about monster, begin from the appearance, act and thought; Derrida’s concept ofdeconstruction; and about the novel itself.

3. Finding the ambivalence of two main characters

4. Analyzing the data collected dealing with the statement problems. 5. Drawing conclusion based on the result data analysis.

1.7 Key terms

Monster : According to John Eppard’s book,Monsterspublished in 2013, designed as a book for children, “monsters have existed in myths,

legends, and folktales for thousands of years. While most people accept that monsters are not real, many insist that they exist. Some even claim to have encountered them” (Eppard 04).

Gothic novel :stories of horror, the fantastic, and the “darker” supernatural forces. These forces often represent the “dark side” of human

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humankind’s intrinsic desire to plumb the depths of terror

(Thomson 12).

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S e t y a n i n g r u m | 0

CHAPTER 2

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter is centered on discussing of some theories, which are going to be used to analyze the main characters of novelFrankenstein.The theories are

deconstruction as main theory of this study and new criticism along with psychoanalysis of Jungian about individuation as the supporting theories. The deconstruction theory is used to deconstruct the image of monster in Mary Shelley novel. New criticism is used to talk about the character and characterization of main characters in this novel. Meanwhile, the Jungian concept is used to support the main idea of this study, deconstruction of monster image.

2.1.1 Deconstruction

Deconstruction is a text reading method that is completely different with a

reading method as usual.Deconstruction is the best-known (and most significant) form of literary criticism known as post structuralism, and in fact, many people use the terms interchangeably (Dobie 138). The French philosopher, Jacques Derrida, defines the term of ‘deconstruction’ firstly. In Derrida’s approach to literary analysis

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inconsistencies: where a text might appear to imply one thing can be shown to imply its opposite (Carter 111).

The deconstructive process is not come from the reader/critic but from the text itself; it is already there, it is the tension ‘between what (the texts) manifestly means

to sayand what it is nonethelessconstrained to mean’. There is no method to

deconstruction because textsliterallydeconstruct themselves (Norris 19). The deconstruction idea is found in text itself. Usually, this idea is another perspective that is not seen by common people because the previous thought from formerly researcher.

Christopher Norris also explains in his bookDeconstruction, third edition, that there is almost no distance between close reading and drawing out the unseen implications of critical language.

Deconstruction draws no line between the kind of close reading appropriate

to a ‘literary’ text and the strategies required to draw out the subtler implications

of critical language. Sinceallforms of writing run up against perplexities of meaning and intent, there is no longer any question of a privileged status for literature and a secondary, self-effacing role for the language of criticism (Norris 22)

From explanation above, to deconstruct a text, close reading is the first step in deconstruction. It is used to find the other meaning, which the author wants to

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One way to begin deconstruction is to follow Derrida’s own process, which he

calls“double reading”. The first is reading a text in traditional manner, and then pointing out where it seems to have determinate meaning. The second step is looking for alternative meanings and using them to negate any specific one. Discovery of contradictory or incompatible meanings results in the deconstruction of a text. They undermine the grounds on which it is based, and meaning becomes indeterminate.

The text is not unitary and unified in the manner that logo centrism promises. Recognizing that a text has multiple interpretations, the reader expects to interpret it repeatedly again (Dobie 148).

From both steps above, the close reading is important to find out the

alternative issue that author wants to share in his or her novel. The task of reader has to interpret the contradictory meaning of the text in order to get results of

deconstruction evidences.

Derrida’s actual technique is to focus on points in a text where contradictions are evident and pursue the implications of these points. One primary feature of deconstruction is to reject the idea of extra-textuality; the notion that meaning or significance lies in some definite platform outside the text (Derrida 83-84). The purpose of deconstruction is awake the hiddenpower participates in building a text.

InFrankenstein,the idea will be deconstructed is image of the monster inside this novel. In this problem, Victor and his creature becomes the object of

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outer side. However, Victor’s thought is also be able to makes him called as a monster from the psychology side.

2.1.2 New Criticism

New criticism is a theory that appears in the mid-20th century. The New Criticism is an American and Trans-Atlantic movement of literary criticism existed roughly between 1920s and 1960s with tremendous success. Its adherents are emphatic in their advocacy of close reading and attention to texts themselves, and their rejection of criticism based on extra-textual sources, especially biography. The name “New Criticism‟was coined by John Crowe Ransom, popularly known as the “philosopher General of the New Criticism‟(Jancovich 11). In his book,The New Criticismargues, “students of the future must be permitted to study literature, and not merely about literature‟(Lodge 230). At this time, a literary work is learned about its intrinsic elements only. The reader cannot connect the author biography inside of their work.

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2.1.1.1 Character

In a literary work, character has an important part inside of the story.

Character establishes whether the story can be strong story or not. According to

Bennet and Royle inAn Introduction to Literature,characters are the life of literature:

they are the objects of our curiosity and fascination, affection and dislike, admire and

condemnation (Bennet & Royle 60).They have an important role to make a story feels alive. Character lives inside the story as author wants. Even, the characters in a literary work are the object of an author description about how they are. Through the power of identification, sympathy and antipathy, character become part of how the authors assume themselves.

More than two thousand years ago, writing about drama in thePoetics, Aristotle argued that character is ‘secondary’ to what he calls the ‘first essential’ or ‘lifeblood’ of tragedy –the plot– and that characters are included ‘for the sake of the action’ (Aristotle 40). Character becomes the second important elements in a story after–plot-, because character drives the story in order to feel alive.

Meanwhile, M.H. Abrams in his bookA Glossary of Literary Terms, identifies character as the represented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as possessing particular moral, intellectual, and emotional qualities by inferences from what the persons say and their distinctive ways of saying

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character can be seen through the way of their talk, their conversation, and what they do.

Character can be defined as any person, animal, or figure represented in literary work. Many stories employ multiple types of character to support the plot, but, every story must have main characters that will have the greatest effect on the plot or the most affected by what happens in the story. E. M. Forster, inAspects of the Novel,introduces two biggest terms of characters,flat characterandround character. These kinds of character is rewritten by M.H Abrams in his bookA Glossary of Literary Terms,in his book Abrams writes that:

1. Flat Character

Flat character is constructed a single idea or quality, he is unchanging, static and at the end of the novel he is essential what he has been thought. All his responses are predictable; so readers can anticipate exactly how the character will reach (33).

2. Round character

Round character is a character that his profound was altered by his

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Using of character in this study is to analyze the character of Victor Frankenstein and his creature. This study will further use the round character when analyze the character to see the alteration of the character.

2.1.1.2 Characterization

Character only is not enough to make a story feel alive; the depiction of each character has an important role to build a story. The way of depiction characters by author is called as characterization. It is a technique of author to create and develop the character that appears in a story. The reader can see how the characters

appearance, thought, feeling and behavior with the depiction that written by authors.

Abrams tells two ways to explain the characterization, telling and showing.In showing(also called "the dramatic method"), the author simply presents the

characters talking and acting and leaves the reader to infer the motives and dispositions that lie behind what they say and do. The author may show not only external speech and actions, but also a character's inner thoughts, feelings, and responsiveness to events; for a highly developed mode of such inner showing, see stream of consciousness(Abrams 33). In this way, the author describes a character through the conversation that they made, the explanation of their feeling and the way of they treat other characters.

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characters (Abrams 34). In this way, the authors tell the characteristic of the character directly, as they are handsome or rich. Their characteristics (character) mention in a story, usually in the opening of narrative.

Characterization is used in this study to analyze the character of Frankenstein and his creature. This study will compare the character of both main characters. Their feeling and their act are told by Mary Shelley, will be main data to this study. By the types characterization of Abrams, telling and showing, this study aims to know how both of these characters thought. The characterization will be assist to deconstruct the image of monster in this novel.

2.1.2 Jungian theory

Carl Gustav Jung is a Swiss psychiatrist who develops general theories about character types. The general aim of Jungian psychology is what he called

‘individuation’, a process by which the individual is helped to harmonise his/her

‘persona’ (the self as presented to the world) and ‘the shadow’ (the darker potentially

dangerous side of the personality that exists in the personal unconscious) (Carter 80).

These elements exist in a person; the ‘persona’ is a condition that human

realize and they can control this condition. Meanwhile, the ‘shadow’ is the hidden

characteristic inside of human and usually it is difficult to control it when it appears.

Using of ‘persona’ ‘shadow’ in this study is to analyze the changing of Victor’s

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InFrankenstein,Victor shows his shadow in some moments. This case will be the supporting data to prove if Victor can called as a monster. The appearance aspects that used previously to become standard someone called as a monster, will be

deconstructed with this ‘shadow’ consideration.

2.2 Review of Related Studies

This part will be presents the related studies which have been done previously. Some these studies have relation with the novel or the theory of deconstruction. The first previous thesis is from Eastern Mediterranean University

North Cyprus by Sila Cerkez. Her thesis entitled “Frankenstein or the Modern

Prometheus and the Psychology of Mary Shelley”

This previous study focuses on the study of psychology of Mary Shelley. Mary Shelley by writingFrankenstein or the Modern Prometheus, attempted to satisfy her hunger for recognition, gain approval and to satisfy her lack of self-confidence that lies behind the fear of not being accepted and stems from being repulsed by her father who raised her. She writes out of remorse in order to restore her mental health. From this psychology condition of Mary Shelley, we can get the reason why Victor created in such those characteristic.

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to talk about Mary Shelley’s psychology condition when create this novel. Therefore,

in this previous study talks about the biography of Mary Shelley more than the novel itself. Meanwhile, this study will be talk about the image of monster inside this novel.

The using of theory is also different. This previous study use Freud’s concept to analyze the psychology of Mary Shelley. The Freud’s model of personality ‘id’, ‘ego’, ‘superego’ is used to analyze and connect the character of Mary Shelley itself

with her creature, Victor and his monster. On other hand, this study will be used the deconstruction theory to analyze about Victor and his creature.

Meanwhile, the second previous study is from State Islamic University

“Syarif Hidayatullah” by Lia Fadhillah. The second previous study entitled

“Deconstruction Analysis on Major Female Character on film ‘A Destiny of Her

Own’”.This thesis focuses on analyzing the deconstructed feminist characteristics of the major female character inA Destiny of Her Ownfilm. This thesis shows the using

of Derrida’s concept of deconstruction.

These study has similarity in the using of deconstruction theory that explained by Jacques Derrida. The difference is the object to analyze. This previous study analyzes the filmA Destiny of Her Ownthat talk about the major female character. Meanwhile, this study will be usedFrankensteinnovel to analyze using the

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CHAPTER 3

ANALYSIS

This chapter will be contents the analysis of Victor Frankenstein and his creature. The analysis will begin by the characterization of each character. Like in the previous chapter, the characterization that explained by Abrams will be used to analyze each personal character of Victor Frankenstein and his creature. In this novel, there are two points of view that used by Mary Shelley when she wrote it. They are each point of view of Victor Frankenstein and his creature. So, the showing and tellingtheory of Abrams are used to analyze it. After mentioning each character, this study will compares each other by their characterization and from the comparison; it can show the psychology condition of each character.

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3.1 Character and Characterization of Victor Frankenstein and his creature

1. Victor Frankenstein

The first main character in this novel is Victor Frankenstein as the creator. Mary Shelley uses the first point of view to describe him. Actually, she uses two points of view to build the two main characters in her novel. These points of view ease the readers to understand each character from other side, what Frankenstein himself feels and his creature.

The novel starts from Frankenstein’s point of view. Victor Frankenstein is a

round character. He experiences some events that change his characteristic differently often. In this novel, Frankenstein shows two sides personality. These personalities are different when he meets his family and the creature. Thetellingmethod is used to write Frankenstein’s characterization in this novel. He has some changeable personality like:

a. Well-educated

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Elizabeth was of a calmer and more concentrated disposition; but, with all my ardour, I was capable of a more intense application and was more deeply smitten with the thirst for knowledge. ….While my companion contemplated

with a serious and satisfied spirit the magnificent appearances of things, I delighted in investigating their causes. The world was to me a secret which I desired to divine. Curiosity, earnest research to learn the hidden laws of nature, gladness akin to rapture, as they were unfolded to me, are among the earliest sensations I can remember. (Shelley 31)

His curiosity begins when he found the book of Cornelius Agrippa on his holiday. This book brings some new knowledge for Frankenstein. When he talks about Cornelius Agrippa to his father, there is no good respond from him (his father).

Even, his father said to stop reading the Agrippa’s book without clear reason. The thing makes Frankenstein become anxious to find out their idea deeper (Shelley 34).

He experiences some events when he studied this book. Some years of his

childhood, he spends to learn about Agrippa’s theory seriously. Until, they move to

their house in Belrive when Frankenstein in fifteen years old. He sees a hurricane with lightning strike an oak tree in front of his house. The following morning, he

goes to this tree to look it closer. At this time, an investigator stays in Frankenstein’s

house. He (the investigator) explains about electric theory, which felt odd for Frankenstein. This theory is contrary to his favorite scientist. This contradictory brings Frankenstein to stop his research. He chooses mathematic to move his attention of science. He feel composed after leave his research about Agrippa’s

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Thus strangely are our souls constructed, and by such slight ligaments are we bound to prosperity or ruin. When I look back, it seems to me as if this almost miraculous change of inclination and will was the immediate suggestion of the guardian angel of my life—the last effort made by the spirit of

preservation to avert the storm that was even then hanging in the stars and ready to envelop me. Her victory was announced by an unusual tranquility and gladness of soul which followed the relinquishing of my ancient and latterly tormenting studies. It was thus that I was to be taught to associate evil with their prosecution, happiness with their disregard (38).

He feels that himself as protected by guardian angel. He can apart from this dark science as if he gets a power from this angel. Composure and happiness are like a sign of the angel winning oppose this dark science (38).

However, the fate is stronger than the angel is. After Frankenstein in seventeenth years old, his parents ask him to go to Ingolstadt University. In this university, he meets with some professors. The first professor is M. Krempe, professor of natural philosophy. He asks some question to Frankenstein about his progress in several branches of science. Frankenstein, finally, tells about Agrippa, Albertus Magnus, and Paracellus to M. Krempe. Frankenstein already supposes respond from M. Krempe. He considers that Frankenstein is already wasted his time to learn about Albertus Magnus and Paracelsus.

Frankenstein does not feel disappointed aboutM. Krempe’s suggestion. He is

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from the beginning again. He tries to read a common book for other people to change his mind from Agrippa’s book.

b. Ambitious

His resolve to learn the common book is only hold out some days, until him meet with M. Waldman.His words (M. Waldman) about chemistry’s development, makes Frankenstein wants to learn about ancient science again. Moreover, M. Waldman gives warm reception when Frankenstein explains about what he was learned and his purpose in future.

‘I am happy,’ said M. Waldman, ‘to have gained a disciple; and if your

application equals your ability, I have no doubt of your success. Chemistry is that branch of natural philosophy in which the greatest improvements have been and may be made; it is on that account that I have made it my peculiar study; but at the same time, I have not neglected the other branches of science. A man would make but a very sorry chemist if he attended to that department of human knowledge alone. If your wish is to become really a man of science and not merely a petty experimentalist, I should advise you to apply to every

branch of natural philosophy, including mathematics.’(Shelley 47-48)

M. Waldman’s respond becomes new spirit for Frankenstein. He is more

confidentto learnabout ancient chemistry after get M. Waldman’s motivation. He is

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Two years, he spends to learn science hardly. After he learns almost all of branches of science, he finds his prominent purpose. One thing, that so interesting to Frankenstein is human anatomy and animal.

One of the phenomena which had peculiarly attracted my attention was the structure of the human frame, and, indeed, any animal endued with life. Whence, I often asked myself, did the principle of life proceed? It was a bold question, and one which has ever been considered as a mystery; yet with how many things are we upon the brink of becoming acquainted, if cowardice or carelessness did not restrain our inquiries. I revolved these circumstances in my mind and determined thenceforth to apply myself more particularly to those branches of natural philosophy which relate to physiology (Shelley 50-51).

He is a careful person to learn about death and anything that has relation with life until the smallest factor of it. He has unrestrained spirit, even, he is impressed like going too far from his fate as human. He feels soconfidentwith his ability to revive a human.

After days and nights of incredible labour and fatigue, I succeeded in discovering the cause of generation and life; nay, more, I became myself capable of bestowing animation upon lifeless matter (52).

In this text, because of his efforts, Frankenstein says that he can give a soul to death things. Nevertheless, it is not a good thing. In next paragraph, he says that all of the knowledge has dangerous sides if the researchers of this science take reckless steps and pass his fate as human.

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acquainted; that cannot be; listen patiently until the end of my story, and you will easily perceive why I am reserved upon that subject. I will not lead you on, unguarded and ardent as I then was, to your destruction and infallible misery. Learn from me, if not by my precepts, at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow (53).

In this passage, Frankenstein notices all of the reader, that science can be source of sorrow when they cannot control it. His high imagination destructives all of his dream because he is already pass over his destiny as a human. He is not doubt to makes his creature in unusual size more than usual human.

When I found so astonishing a power placed within my hands, I hesitated a long time concerning the manner in which I should employ it. Although I possessed the capacity of bestowing animation, yet to prepare a frame for the reception of it, with all its intricacies of fibres, muscles, and veins, still remained a work of inconceivable difficulty and labour. I doubted at first whether I should attempt the creation of a being like myself, or one of simpler organization; but my imagination was too much exalted by my first success to permit me to doubt of my ability to give life to an animal as complete and wonderful as man (53).

His ambitious soul pushes him to make a creature like other human. He does not feel difficult although he has limit equipment and materials. Even, his

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All the result of his invention make Frankenstein becomes stubborn person. He thinks that his creature will be say thanks for life who he gives upon him. In other side, he supposes that his creature will be a perfect and happy human.

No one can conceive the variety of feelings which bore me onwards, like a hurricane, in the first enthusiasm of success. Life and death appeared to me ideal bounds, which I should first break through, and pour a torrent of light into our dark world. A new species would bless me as its creator and source; many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me. No father could claim the gratitude of his child so completely as I should deserve theirs. Pursuing these reflections, I thought that if I could bestow animation upon lifeless matter, I might in process of time (although I now found it impossible) renew life where death had apparently devoted the body to corruption (54).

His fantasy discovers his common sense. He permits all ways to makes his ambition to be true. He does anything secretly in order to he does not fail because stopping by others. His selfish personality appears in his process. He does not care to send a letter to his father because he is more focus on his work.

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dissecting room and the slaughter-house furnished many of my materials; and often did my human nature turn with loathing from my occupation, whilst, still urged on by an eagerness which perpetually increased, I brought my work near to a conclusion (55).

In this passage, Frankenstein’s mood often changes. Sometimes, he feels

disgusted with what he did. Nevertheless, the great motivation makes him does not able to stop this work. Because this project, Frankenstein ignores surrounding of him. Even, he forgets to write letter for his family.

d. Irresponsible

Almost two years, Frankenstein finishes this research. His confident always exists all this time. He believes that what he do will be ended by excellent work. However, the opposite of his expectation, all of his work ends horrifying. The human who he supposed will be a perfect creature, but instead frighten him as a creator.

The different accidents of life are not so changeable as the feelings of human nature. I had worked hard for nearly two years, for the sole purpose of

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In this part seen if, Frankenstein feels afraid with his work. The words “rushed out” sign that he does not be responsible to his work. He always runs away from his creature because it has ugly appearance. Even, when the creature will speak to him, Frankenstein flees away. He does not think whether the surrounding people will frighten or not about, the creature’s existence. He is a selfish person. Because he is so busy to hide from this creature, he does not care what is already done with people surrounding of him.

Frankenstein is described as an ambitious person. He spends almost of his time to learn about natural sciences to prove that what he believes is not a nonsense thing. He works hard to prove his thought, but unfortunately, he cannot anticipate his failure in his future. Because of his arrogance, he cannot accept his failure. Even, he acts irresponsible to his work.

e. Selfish

All the incidents after he creates a human become the creature’s fault. He considers that the creature is a devil that does not properly alive. He is not aware that all of these confusions are his mistake.

Day dawned; and I directed my steps towards the town. The gates were open, and I hastened to my father’s house.

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I remembered also the nervous fever with which I had been seized just at the time that I dated my creation, and which would give an air of delirium to a tale otherwise so utterly improbable (84-85).

In this paragraph, Frankenstein is already know, who the murderer of his brother is. He wants to hunt the creature and stop him. Nevertheless, he suddenly remembers that probably there is no one can believe his story and finally, he is only keep silent and let Justine to be defendant and punish as a murderer.

My abhorrence of this fiend cannot be conceived.

When I thought of him I gnashed my teeth, my eyes became inflamed, and I ardently wished to extinguish that life which I had so thoughtlessly bestowed. When I reflected on his crimes and malice, my hatred and revenge burst all bounds of moderation. I would have made a pilgrimage to the highest peak of the Andes, could I when there have precipitated him to their base. I wished to see him again, that I might wreak the utmost extent of abhorrence on his head and avenge the deaths of William and Justine (103-104).

Frankenstein feels if all the chaos is the creature’s fault. He thinks that the

creature is only has an evil personality. He feels that he has the right to do the revenge and kill the creature because of his bad acts.

2. The Creature

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this creature clearly in the early chapter of this novel. This creature is a failed experiment of Frankenstein’s curiosity.

Frankenstein also tells about their meeting first time after the creature is alive. Frankenstein tells how the creature looks like. All of his miseries in his eyes do not make Victor Frankenstein feels a pity for him.

How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe, or how delineate the wretch whom with such infinite pains and care I had endeavoured to form? His limbs were in proportion, and I had selected his features as beautiful.

Beautiful! Great God! His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath; his hair was of a lustrous black, and flowing; his teeth of a pearly whiteness; but these luxuriances only formed a more horrid contrast with his watery eyes, that seemed almost of the same colour as the dun-white sockets in which they were set, his shriveled complexion and straight black lips (58).

In this paragraph, Frankenstein tells the body characteristic of his creature. He has different physical character from usual human. He has yellow skin which people can see the artery under of his skin. He seems so frightening for public because his unusual body. Even, his creator is afraid to see him.

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Victor Frankenstein also tells about the creature’s look when they meet first

time. He knows that his creature experienced some incidents. There are not only the ugly appearance and huge body, from his face, Victor Frankenstein also see the deep suffering. Nevertheless, Victor Frankenstein ignores his expression.

a. Kind side

Mary Shelley writes the creature with his own point of view. This part of the creature begins in chapter 11. He tells his first feeling when he can open his eyes, how his senses first work, and his condition when he first appears. He feels if he is a pity creature where he is left alone by its creator and feels pains in all of his body.

‘It was dark when I awoke; I felt cold also, and half frightened, as it were,

instinctively, finding myself so desolate.

Before I had quitted your apartment, on a sensation of cold,

I had covered myself with some clothes, but these were insufficient to secure me from the dews of night. I was a poor, helpless, miserable wretch; I knew, and could distinguish, nothing; but feeling pain invade me on all sides, I sat down and wept (119).

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overcome his hunger and heats his body in campfire which left by wanderer in middle of forest.

‘One day, when I was oppressed bycold, I found a fire which had been left by some wandering beggars, and was overcome with delight at the warmth I experienced from it.

In my joy, I thrust my hand into the live embers, but quickly drew it out again with a cry of pain. How strange, I thought, that the same cause should produce such opposite effects! I examined the materials of the fire, and to my joy found it to be composed of wood. I quickly collected some branches, but they were wet and would not burn. I was pained at this and sat still watching the operation of the fire. The wet wood which I had placed near the heat dried and itself became inflamed. I reflected on this, and by touching the various

branches, I discovered the cause and busied myself in collecting a great quantity of wood, that I might dry it and have a plentiful supply of fire. When night came on and brought sleep with it, I was in the greatest fear lest my fire should be extinguished. I covered it carefully with dry wood and leaves and placed wet branches upon it; and then, spreading my cloak, I lay on the ground and sank into sleep (120-121).

He learns anything quickly, analyze it little by little and know how he should do soon after it. Likewise, when he learns language and speaks from a family near his hiding place. He is a smart creature. His instinct sharpened well and faster than others did. He can meet his needs in forest easily because his ability to adapted well.

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finds a house of herdsman. At this time, the herdsman is preparing his breakfast when the creature enters at his house. The first reaction of the herdsman is afraid of the creature’s appearance and he runs away from his house. Likewise, the people in the

village near of herdsman do the same thing to the creature. Even, they hit the creature with the stone and sharp things.

How miraculous did this appear! The huts, the neater cottages, and stately houses engaged my admiration by turns. The vegetables in the gardens, the milk and cheese that I saw placed at the windows of some of the cottages, allured my appetite. One of the best of these I entered, but I had hardly placed my foot within the door before the children shrieked, and one of the women fainted.

The whole village was roused; some fled, some attacked me, until, grievously bruised by stones and many other kinds of missile weapons, I escaped to the open country and fearfully took refuge in a low hovel, quite bare, and making a wretched appearance after the palaces I had beheld in the village (123).

It is the first attack for the creature. He does not know the reasons of the people of that village attack him. This attack makes him trauma, he always hides and is out from his place when it is night.

The creature is a good character in the beginning of his emergence. He learns about goodness and love from the family near his hiding place. How they share affection and do interaction makes the creature amazed.

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‘As yet Ilooked upon crime as a distant evil, benevolence and generosity were ever present before me, inciting within me a desire to become an actor in the busy scene where so many admirable qualities were called forth and displayed (151).

In this passage, the creature says if he wants to be a good person. He is only knows about goodness from this family. From this family, he learns how to love others and care. He tries to meet with De Lacey in order to be able to communicate with outside world.

b. Evil change

There are so many incidents which the creature experiences. Those incidents change him from a good creature to be a cruel one. Isolating, refusing, competing and some bad act that accepted by him, bring him into being an evil one. Even, the

family, who he believes will be accepting him, does the same thing like the people in village.

‘At that instant the cottage door was opened, and Felix, Safie, and Agatha

entered. Who can describe their horror and consternation on beholding me? Agatha fainted, and Safie, unable to attend to her friend, rushed out of the cottage.

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by pain and anguish, I quitted the cottage, and in the general tumult escaped unperceived to my hovel’(161).

The responds of the family already make the creature disappointed. The creature feels so angry to his creator. He blames his creator who already creates him with terrifying look and body. All of bad lucks in his lifeare his creator’s mistake.

The mildness of my nature had fled, and all within me was turned to gall and bitterness. The nearer I approached to your habitation, the more deeply did I feel the spirit of revenge enkindled in my heart (167).

The creature’s purpose, after all refusing act that he accepts from other, is revenge. What he did to other is always misinterpreted by other as a threat of danger because his ugly appearance. He wants to ask a responsibility from his creator because of his unfair act which he is accepted from others.

I am malicious because I am miserable. Am I not shunned and hated by all mankind? You, my creator, would tear me to pieces and triumph; remember that (174).

The text above is a dialogue between Victor Frankenstein and his creature. It is the creature’s word. From the above dialogue, the creature says that what he did has a reason. The refusing from all human even his creator causes his evil personality.

‘I intended to reason. This passion is detrimental to me, for you do not reflect that you are the cause of its excess. If any being felt emotions of benevolence towards me, I should return them a hundred and a hundredfold; for that one

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dreams of bliss that cannot be realized. What I ask of you is reasonable and moderate; I demand a creature of another sex, but as hideous as myself; the gratification is small, but it is all that I can receive, and it shall content me. It is true, we shall be monsters, cut off from all the world; but on that account we shall be more attached to one another. Our lives will not be happy, but they will be harmless and free from the misery I now feel (175-176).

He also says that his anger makes him damage. His creator causes all of these confusions. He is only reacted of the act, which he accepts. The creature wants to ask the same creature like him with other gender as the final responsible from victor Frankenstein as his creator.

Oh! My creator, make me happy; let me feel gratitude towards you for one benefit! Let me see that I excite the sympathy of some existing thing; do not deny me my request!’(176)

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The Comparison characterization of Victor Frankenstein and his creature

Victor Frankenstein The creature

The persona The shadow His beginning life After refusing

Well-educated Learn useless thing kind creature An evil one

Careful Irresponsible Innocent Revenge

From this table, it shows the changing of each character personality in a whole of this story. In this study, thepersonaandshadowof Victor Frankenstein becomes the data of the deconstruction analysis. Thepersonaandshadowof Victor

Frankenstein will deconstruct the image of monster in this study.

3.2 The Monster: who is more appropriate?

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characteristic. The Jungian theory “persona & shadow”is used to analyze the characteristic of the person who is more appropriate to called as a monster.

In the previous chapter is already explained about the Jungian theory, persona and shadow. Carl Jung, in his bookPersonality types, tells, “The persona would live up to what is expected, what is proper. It is both a useful bridge socially and an indispensable protective covering; without a persona, we are simply too vulnerable to others” (Sharp 95). From this statement, Carl Jung says that persona is an important thing in humankind. It is used to protect humankind itself from other people.

In Mary Shelley’s novelFrankenstein,tells that Victor Frankenstein shows his persona and shadow side in a whole story. Thepersonaof Victor Frankenstein is showed from his usual act in his daily life. He is an educated man, smart and loving his family very well.

The changing personality of Victor Frankenstein is more showed when he did his project. The gentle of Victor Frankenstein changes become an ambitious man. He feels that what is he learned would be success and become his pride in front of his family and his teachers. Even, he become a selfish person, with ignore his family because the intention of studying science at the university in Ingolstadt in Germany.

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onwards”, becomes the shadow of him. This shadow side brings Frankenstein to the

obsession of his work.

No one can conceive the variety of feelings which bore me onwards, like a hurricane, in the first enthusiasm of success. Life and death appeared to me ideal bounds, which I should first break through, and pour a torrent of light into our dark world. A new species would bless me as its creator and source; many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me. No father could claim the gratitude of his child so completely as I should deserve theirs (Shelley 54).

From the paragraph above, Frankenstein shows how this variety of his feelings brings him into enthusiasm feelings because he succeeds to find the death and life boundary. This success makes Frankenstein defrauded with satisfaction and vanity in a moment.

Carl Jung, in his bookPersonality Types,says that, “The shadowis

comprised of personality characteristics that are not part of one's usual way of being in the world, and therefore more or less alien to one’s sense of personal identity” (Sharp 94). Carl Jung explains thatthe shadowis something strange in humankind self that it is never appeared to other. He also explains thatthe shadowbrings two sides of human when it appears, creative and destructive.

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realized; destructive in the sense that its value system and motivations tend to undermine or disturb one's conscious image of oneself (95).

In Victor Frankenstein’s case,the shadowshows these two sides.The creative sideappears when he succeeds to find the power to revive a human. He can work with simple materials to build a human like what is in his mind.

It was with these feelings that I began the creation of a human being. As the minuteness of the parts formed a great hindrance to my speed, I resolved, contrary to my first intention, to make the being of a gigantic stature, that is to say, about eight feet in height, and proportionably large. After having formed this determination and having spent some months in successfully collecting and arranging my materials, I began (Shelley 54).

From this paragraph, Frankenstein can make a good plan for his creature. A good plan, which he estimates will be a great innovation in history. His imagination works well to build a human with uncommon body. He thought that it would be a great idea, makes his creature to be a strong man and it eases his work.

However, this plan is destructive in same time. When all his work is success and his creature can alive, he is frightened by the creature’s body itself. All of his expectation before that the creature will be a proud of him is destroyed. He feels that his creature is a devil that will brings fears for human.

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Beautiful! Great God! His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath; his hair was of a lustrous black, and flowing; his teeth of a pearly whiteness; but these luxuriances only formed a more horrid contrast with his watery eyes, that seemed almost of the same colour as the dun-white sockets in which they were set, his shriveled complexion and straight black lips (Shelley 58).

From paragraph above, Frankenstein shows, his feeling towards his creature when the creature is alive first time. Frankenstein before does not predict the ugly appearance. He does not supposed if his great idea can makes all of people afraid with this creature’s appearance.

Oh! No mortal could support the horror of that countenance.

A mummy again endued with animation could not be so hideous as that wretch. I had gazed on him while unfinished; he was ugly then, but when those muscles and joints were rendered capable of motion, it became a thing such as even Dante could not have conceived (Shelley 60).

He is already realizes the ugly appearance of his creature in the middle of his work, but he ignores this fact. Until, the creature is alive, he just felt afraid. His ego side chooses to run off from his responsible. He ignores the fact of his irresponsible act causes the creature in difficult. Indirectly, his egoist attitude is the reason of the creature’s personality changing from a kind creature to be an evil one.

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InFrankensteinnovel, the readers are made confused by who the real monster role is, Victor Frankenstein or the creature. Both of these characters show their each bad side in this novel, Victor Frankenstein with his irresponsible act and the creature with his revenge. There are many readers, who suppose if the monster/villain in this novel is the creature. His huge body and ugly appearance (the creature) support the judgment from reader to call him as a monster. Adding with his revenge in some ending parts to Victor Frankenstein makes some readers believe that he is the real villain in this novel.

This study will deconstructs this judgment. Like Jacques Derrida says if all the texts, whether it is a literary work or not, can deconstruct (Carter 111). In this occasion, this study will show the other side of villain role inFrankensteinnovel. The main idea of deconstruction in this study is the image of monster. The personality of Victor Frankenstein will be the main data to deconstruct the image of monster is.

The greater part of people says if monster is a person or creature with

enormous body and the ugly appearance. InFrankensteinnovel, also shows the same perception of monster character. The point of view, which is used by Mary Shelley, eases the readers to understand each main character in this novel. The monster character in this novel has same characteristic with the common monster in other story. Differently, Mary Shelley also writes the monster’s part to show his own

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In some previous part, Mary Shelley tells the monster’s feeling when he

appears first time. How his personality in the beginning of his life as a kind person and some events that change his characteristic to be an evil one is. Refusing,

isolating, and some bad acts that he accepts from other human, make he change him being a bad creature.

I sickened as I read. ‘Hateful day when I received life!’I exclaimed in agony.

‘Accursed creator! Why did you forma monster so hideous that even you turned from me in disgust? God, in pity, made man beautiful and alluring, after his own image; but my form is a filthy type of yours, more horrid even from the very resemblance. Satan had his companions, fellow devils, to admire and encourage him, but I am solitary and abhorred (Shelley 155).’

In this paragraph shows how the creature’s feeling with his enormous body

and ugly appearance. How the pity he is. He must live alone and isolated because there is no someone who wants be in contact with him. In this paragraph also shows that he is a sacrifice of his creator.

The monster in Mary Shelley’s novel does not appear suddenly. He isa brainwork from Victor Frankenstein, who has big ambition to natural science.

Frankenstein’s big ambition causes a big trouble not only for himself but also to the

people around of him. Even, it is also make his creature in difficulty.

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Even, Frankenstein is already kill two person of his family indirectly through the creature of his work.

During the whole of this wretched mockery of justice I suffered living torture. It was to be decided whether the result of my curiosity and lawless devices would cause the death of two of my fellow beings: one a smiling babe full of innocence and joy, the other far more dreadfully murdered, with every aggravation of infamy that could make the murder memorable in horror. Justine also was a girl of merit and possessed qualities which promised to render her life happy; now all was to be obliterated in an ignominious grave, and I the cause! A thousand times rather would I have confessed myself guilty of the crime ascribed to Justine, but I was absent when it was committed, and such a declaration would have been considered as the ravings of a madman and would not have exculpated her who suffered through me (90).

In passage above, tells how Frankenstein’s curiosity causes two of his

loveable family face the death. He also takes an egoist act with his silent about the truth. He feels doubt to tell about the creature and causes Justine died.

I had been the author of unalterable evils, and I lived in daily fear lest the monster whom I had created should perpetrate some new wickedness. I had an obscure feeling that all was not over and that he would still commit some signal crime, which by its enormity should almost, efface the recollection of the past. There was always scope for fear so long as anything I loved

remained behind (103).

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My abhorrence of this fiend cannot be conceived.

When I thought of him I gnashed my teeth, my eyes became inflamed, and I ardently wished to extinguish that life which I had so thoughtlessly bestowed. When I reflected on his crimes and malice, my hatred and revenge burst all bounds of moderation. I would have made a pilgrimage to the highest peak of the Andes, could I when there have precipitated him to their base. I wished to see him again, that I might wreak the utmost extent of abhorrence on his head and avenge the deaths of William and Justine (103-104).

Even, he also saves a vengeance to his creature. He wants to kill the creature who is already destroyed Justine and William. He does not realize if in his beginning of his college, he is not too ambitious of science, probably this chaos never happens.

‘Devil,’ I exclaimed, ‘do you dare approach me? And donot you fear the fierce vengeance of my arm wreaked on your miserable head? Begone, vile insect! Or rather, stay, that I may trample you to dust! And, oh! That I could, with the extinction of your miserable existence, restore those victims whom

you have so diabolically murdered!’(Shelley 113)

Even, when they meet at first time, Frankenstein gives a rude response to his own creature. He calls his creature as a devil. Although the person who change the character of his creature is himself. His irresponsibility to his work is the real monster in this case. He runs off from his responsibility for the result of his ambitions.

Frankenstein’s irresponsibility is also the main causal factor of the creature

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terror. His ambition also has the role of this chaos. His greed of confession by other is the monster in himself and is added by his curiosity without thinking the effect of his act in future.

Carl Jung says that to call someone as a monster, is not only see his

appearance, but also four mental functions. They are intellect, sensation, emotion and intuition (Carter 80). From fourth mental functions above, the emotion of

Frankenstein is the main problem why he called as monster is. He has an easy changeable feeling, sometimes he can so ambitious but sometimes he can also feel afraid with his work. In other side, he is also an irresponsible person. He lets his work without thinking the consequence in future. His irresponsibility is already change the kind personality of his creature in beginning of his life become an evil one.

The mildness of my nature had fled, and all within me was turned to gall and bitterness. The nearer I approached to your habitation, the more deeply did I feel the spirit of revenge enkindled in my heart (Shelley 167).

I am malicious because I am miserable. Am I not shunned and hated by all mankind? You, my creator, would tear me to pieces and triumph; remember that, and tell me why I should pity man more than he pities me? (174)

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Frankenstein’s ambitious and irresponsibility act are the other form of

monster image. These acts make everyone around him in difficult. The appearance of the creature is the result of Frankenstein’s ambition to his natural science. He wants to prove the other about what he learned is not a stupid thing. His rage act without think the consequence causes all the people in a trouble belong his family and his creature itself. Meanwhile, his irresponsibility causes the kind personality of his creature becomes an evil character and make difficult to other.

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S e t y a n i n g r u m |✁✂

CHAPTER 4

CONCLUSION

Frankenstein and his creature are the main characters in the Mary Shelley’s

novel that have each two sides inside of them. Mary Shelley tells them with their own point of view. They are belongs to round character, Victor Frankenstein with his changeable character and his creature who experience alteration character because his condition. The character of Frankenstein is shown byshowingof his own explanation point of view. He is a round character who has some side characters inside this story. He has different side when he is alone to do his project. In this side, he looks so ambitiousto make his project success. He can do anything without thinking about the effect of his work in future.

However, in front of his family and friends, he looksso loveable and family man. It is shown by his attention to his family. He treats his mother well and looks so offended when his brother died. His attention is also shown for Justine, his servant, who gets a punishment because she is already accused killingFrankenstein’s brother. He knows that Justine is not wrong, but he cannot say something to defend Justine. He is acoward personbecause he cannot admit his fault. Even, he hates and blames the creature’s act that it is causedby Frankenstein himself.

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S e t y a n i n g r u m |✄0

Frankenstein in starting story. Meanwhile, it isshowingby himself in his point of view. However, he only experiences two alterations side character, from a kind creature to the evil one. The creature’s character is caused because his condition. His huge body and ugly appearance causes he is refused by people in around him. These refusals are the main reason of the creature to change his character.

From two sides of these main characters in Mary Shelley’s novel, the villain of this story looks like the creature. He does the terrors to people around Frankenstein and kills Frankenstein’s brother to revenge his vengeance. He looks so wicked. However, he does all of it to get the justice from his creator. He wants to get love like another person and can be accepted by people. Even, he can call as the victim of the irresponsible form of his creator.

Frankenstein himself, he is the main cause of this chaos. Because of his ambition to nature science, he creates a creature rudely. He does everything start from excavates the cemetery and kills animal to make his project success. He makes his creature in big size without thinking how the effects of his act in future. He does not thinking about the creature’s life, whether the creature canbe accepted by people or not. He only expects if he succeed to make his project, he can be honored by the people and his creature itself.

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S e t y a n i n g r u m |☎1

Even, he also faces the vengeance and hostility of his creature. He must live with the fear of terror from his creature itself.

The real monster in Frankenstein novel by Mary Shelley.