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Journal de Th´

eorie des Nombres

de Bordeaux

19

(2007), 567–582

Characterizations of groups generated by

Kronecker sets

par

Andr´

as BIR ´

O

R´esum´e. Ces derni`eres ann´ees, depuis l’article [B-D-S], nous avons ´etudi´e la possibilit´e de carat´eriser les sous-groupes d´enom-brables du tore T = R/Z par des sous-ensembles de Z. Nous consid´erons ici de nouveaux types de sous-groupes: soitK ⊆ T

un ensemble de Kronecker (un ensemble compact sur lequel toute fonction continuef :K →T peut ˆetre approch´ee uniform´ement par des caract´eres deT) et G le groupe engendr´e par K. Nous prouvons (th´eor`eme 1) que G peut ˆetre caract´eris´e par un sous-ensemble deZ2(au lieu d’un sous-ensemble deZ). SiKest fini, le th´eor`eme 1 implique notre r´esultat ant´erieur de [B-S]. Nous mon-trons ´egalement (th´eor`eme 2) que siK est d´enombrable alors G

ne peut pas ˆetre caract´eris´e par un sous-ensemble de Z (ou une suite d’entiers) au sens de [B-D-S].

Abstract. In recent years, starting with the paper [B-D-S], we have investigated the possibility of characterizing countable sub-groups of the torusT =R/Zby subsets ofZ. Here we consider new types of subgroups: letK ⊆T be a Kronecker set (a com-pact set on which every continuous function f : K → T can be uniformly approximated by characters ofT), andGthe group gen-erated byK. We prove (Theorem 1) thatGcan be characterized by a subset ofZ2(instead of a subset ofZ). IfK is finite, Theo-rem 1 implies our earlier result in [B-S]. We also prove (TheoTheo-rem 2) that ifK is uncountable, thenGcannot be characterized by a subset ofZ(or an integer sequence) in the sense of [B-D-S].

Andr´asBir´o

A. R´enyi Institute of Mathematics Hungarian Academy of Sciences

1053 Budapest, Re´altanoda u. 13-15., Hungary

E-mail:[email protected]

Manuscrit re¸cu le 13 mai 2005.

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