PANITIA BAHASA INGGERIS
2 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
MODUL TRIUMPH REDONG VOL.1
NO UNIT CONTENTS PAGE
1 - Contents
2 Unit 1 Articles 3
3 Unit 2 Nouns 7
4 Unit 3 Proper Nouns 10
5 Unit 4 Countable & Uncountable Nouns 11
6 Unit 5 Collective Nouns 12
7 Unit 6 Pronouns 15
8 Unit 7 Reflexive Pronouns 20
9 Unit 8 Demonstrative Pronouns 22
10 Unit 9 Verbs 23
11 Unit 10 Subject Verb Agreement 25
12 Unit 11 Auxiliary Verbs / Modals 29
13 Unit 12 Verb To Be 33
14 Unit 13 Simple Present Tense 36
15 Unit 14 Simple Past Tense 39
16 Unit 15 Simple Future Tense 48
17 Unit 16 Progressive Tense – Past & Present 51
18 Unit 17 Past Progressive Tense 53
19 Unit 18 Present Progressive 55
20 Unit 19 Prepositions 57
21 Unit 20 Adverbs 63
22 Unit 21 Adjectives 67
23 Unit 22 Questions Tag 74
24 Unit 23 Wh-Questions 77
25 Unit 24 Conjunctions 80
26 Unit 25 Punctuation 86
3 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
UNIT 1 :
ARTICLES
These are the words a, an and the which usually comes before the nouns or adjectives.
1. Definite article – the
This refers to something specific or definite. The usually means ‘You know which ones(s) I’m talking about’.
E.g.: i. Anne received the award for bravery. (a specific award) ii. ‘Wait for me at the Kerinchi LRT station’. (a specific place)
iii. Can I use the phone? (the hearer knows that this means ‘your phone’)
2. Indefinite article – a / an
This is non-specific or indefinite. A / an shows that we are talking about one person or thing. We often use a / an:
in descriptions
She’s an interesting person. He’s got a loud voice.
when we say what something is, or what somebody’s job is. This is a return ticket. I’m an engineer.
3. Zero article – (-)
(-) No article is used before the names of countries, cities, streets, continents, lakes, mountains, villages, etc.
He lives in (-) Toronto, a large city in (-) Canada on the shores of (-) Lake Ohio.
(-) No article is also common before uncountable, plural and often abstract nouns when we are talking about things in general.
Have we got any (-) milk?
(-) Oranges are nicer than (-) apples.
In general, an is used when the word following it begins with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u): an umbrella, an elephant, an octopus, an idea, an apple.
BUT
- If the first letter of the word is a vowel, but sounds like a consonant, then use a: a used car, a useful gadget.
4 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 1
Fill in the blanks with ‘a’ or ‘an’
1. __________egg 3. ________ dog
2. _________ house 4. ________ university
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks with (-), the or a
1. I speak _____ French.
2. I often listen to _________ radio.
3. _________ phone is downstairs in ___________ kitchen.
4. _________ Canada is a big country.
5. She’s got __________ nice face and ___________ blue eyes. 6. This table is made of _________ glass.
EXERCISE 3
Fill in the blanks with a, an or the
1 Mr Lee bought _______ big bungalow last month.
2 Ramli wants to be __________ pilot when he grows up.
3. Mei Ling is ___________ honest girl.
4. ________ fire broke out in that house _______ hour ago.
5. ________ plane is flying high up in _________ sky.
6. My father works in ________ office.
7 Take _______ class register to _______ office.
8 ____________ earth moves around ___________ sun.
9 Sabrina gave ________ orange to _________ beggar outside the gate.
10 _____________ sun rises in __________ east.
11 She is going to take _________ bus to get to _______ railway station.
12 _________ bat lives in __________ cave.
5 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a 14 She is wearing a __________ uniform to school.
15 ____________ sky is blue.
16 ___________ old lady walked across the busy road.
17 She bought _________ umbrella to school.
18 Adrian is _________Eurasian boy.
19 ___________ Indian girl in the blue dress was crying just now.
20 I saw __________ eagle flying in __________ sky.
NOTES
We often use a / an to talk about a person or thing for the first time; and the when we talk about the person or thing again.
A man walked up to a policeman. The man took out a map and asked the policeman ...
Remember: We don’t use a / an with plurals. We can use the with plurals. e.g. She bought the shoes last week.
EXERCISE 4
Fill in the blanks with a , an or the.
A Bag in a Bag
This is a true story. Last year I went into 1_________ big sports shop because I wanted 2_________ sports bag. 3___________ assistant came up to me, and I told him what I wanted. 4___________ assistant brought me three different bags. I chose 5__________ smallest one and paid for it. 6___________ assistant put 7__________ bag in 8_________ large plastic bag. I told him one bag was enough, and asked him to take 9________ bag out
6 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks with ‘a’ or ‘an’.
1. She is ______ nurse.
2. He is _______ engineer.
3. He is _______ doctor.
4. She is _______ stewardess.
5. He is _______ army officer.
6. She is _______ waitress.
7. He is ________ inspector.
8. She is _______usheress.
9. He is ________ dentist
10. She is ______ headmistress.
EXERCISE 6
Fill in the blanks with a, an or the.
1. Did you buy a Proton or ________ Ford?
2. Does he know _______________ man at the corner?
3. She has _________________ secret to tell you.
4. What time does _________________ train leave?
5. Ali ate ________________ apple and drank a bottle of Coke.
6. Did you see _______________ accident?
7. He met _______________ elegant lady at the party.
8. ____________________ teacher is angry with us.
9. I did not see __________________ elephant in the picture.
7 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
UNIT 2 :
NOUNS
Nouns are called naming words. They are the names of people, animals, places and things.
EXERCISE 1 Fill in the blanks.
Daughter wife bride queen teacher
Headmistress nurse lecturer secretary grandmother
1. My mother is a _______________.She takes care of sick people.
2. Ashok and his _________ have three children.
3. Mr. and Mrs. Guna have two sons and a ______________.
4. Rubini’s ____________________ gave presents to all her grandchildren.
5. Puan Romizah is our ______________ . She comes to school very early in the
morning.
6. The king and ____________visited the old folks home last week.
7. The manager and his ________________ attended the meeting last Monday.
8. The bridegroom and his beautiful ______________ are dressed in blue.
9. Madame Ganes is an excellent __________. She teaches us English in our school.
8 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 2
Underline the nouns in these sentences. 1. The careless boy lost his pen.
2. I went to the market with my mother.
3. The girl fell down the stairs.
4. My grandfather has an old car.
5. The typist works in the post office.
6. The fishermen are drying their nets in the sun.
7. The scout jumped into the pond to save the child.
8. The robbers broke into the shop and took all the money.
EXERCISE 3
Underline the correct answer.
1. The ( boys , boy ) are playing badminton.
2. Can I have a plate of ( rice , milk ).
3. The ( horse , horse’s) tail is bushy.
4. Please put (a little , many ) salt into the soup.
5. ( A herd , A staff ) of cows are grazing in the field.
6. The ( twins , cousins ) looks like each other.
7. ( Buffaloes, Donkeys ) are very useful farm animals.
9 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 4
Write the masculine form for the words given.
FEMININE MASCULINE Eg. girl - boy
mother - father
1. wife - _____________
2. bride - _____________
3. daughter - _____________
4. heiress - _____________
5. niece - _____________
6. bridesmaid - _____________
7. princess - _____________
8. headmistress - _____________
9. policewoman - _____________
10. woman - _____________
11. sister-in-law - _____________
12. heroine - _____________
13. lady - _____________
14. widow - _____________
15. waitress - _____________
16. steward - _____________
10 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
UNIT 3
: PROPER NOUNS
Special names given to a person, animal, place or things are called Proper Nouns.
Proper nouns always start with capital letters.
No Category Proper Noun
1. People The Prime Minister, Syafiq Elias, Mohd Ali
2. Places Malaysia, Kangar, Jalan Telawi, Kota Tinggi
3. Buildings Concord Inn, Putra World Trade, Petronas Twin Tower
4. Objects Parker pen, Nokia handphone, Proton Saga
5. Animals Garfield, Mickey Mouse, Winnie Pooh
EXERCISE 1
Rewrite the sentences using the correct punctuation.
1. last year the national day celebration was held in putrajaya.
________________________________________________________________
2. malaysians proudly fly the jalur gemilang.
_________________________________________________________________
3. national day is celebrated in august.
_________________________________________________________________
4. my friend bought a proton waja last month.
11 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
UNIT 4 : COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Countable nouns are nouns that can be counted such as books, pencils, cars and tvs.
Uncountable nouns are nouns that cannot be counted such as sugar, air, water and hair.
EXERCISE 1
Underline the correct answer.
1. I do not have ( many, much) time to complete my work.
2. Can I have ( some, a few) tomato sauce.
3. There are ( much, many) things that you can do in your free time.
4. We need ( a lot of, many) energy to carry the cupboard.
5. They poured (some, a few) water into the vase.
6. I saw (many, much) animals in the zoo.
7. The children ate ( some, much) sandwiches.
8. There are only (much, a few) pieces of paper left on the table.
9. I need (a lot of , a few) money to buy the expensive bracelet.
10. Not (many, much) people turned up for the concert.
11. They were scolded because they made ( many, a lot of) noise.
12. ( A lot of, Many) of the children were not feeling well and had to be sent home.
13. We have got (much, a few) new teachers this year.
14. I don’t have any money left. Can you lend me ( some, much)?
12 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 2
There is only ONE mistake in each sentence. Underline it and rewrite each sentence
correctly.
Example :
There are too much pupils in this class.
There are too many pupils in this class.
1. I want any fried rice for lunch.
_________________________________________________________
2. He does not have much sisters. He is an only child.
_________________________________________________________
3. We have a little magazines in our house.
_________________________________________________________
4. Is there a lot of onions in the basket.
_________________________________________________________
5. Mr Lee has much relatives.
_________________________________________________________
6. That man hasn’t some hair on his head.
_________________________________________________________
7. My mother is cooking many soup.
_________________________________________________________
8. Please give me a piece of trousers.
13 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
UNIT 5
: COLLECTIVE NOUN
A collective noun is the name of a number of persons, animals or things grouped together and spoken of as one whole.
Here are more collective nouns for you.
a company of actors
a host of angels
a gang of labourers
a bevy of girls/ ladies/ beauties
a bench of magistrates
a tribe of natives
a posse of policemen
a crew of sailors
a choir of singers
a team of players
a staff of teachers
a circle of friends
a band of magicians
a haggle of vendors
a monastery of monks
a convent of nuns
a shush of librarians
an army of soldiers
an audience of spectators
14 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 1
Fill in the blanks with correct collective nouns.
1. a ___staff __ of teachers.
2. a __________ of sheep.
3. a __________ of students.
4. a __________ of people.
5. a __________ of executives.
6. a __________ of members.
7. a __________ of jurors.
8. a __________ of ships.
9. a __________ of flowers
10. an __________ of spectators.
11. a __________ of people.
12. a __________ of stamps
13. an _________ of musicians.
14. a __________ of players
15. a __________ of workers.
16. a __________ of sailors.
EXERCISE 2
For each of the following, underline the correct answer.
1. An ( army , crew , group ) of soldiers marched to the camp.
2. The deer was attacked by a ( school, pack, team ) of wolves.
3. What is that ( set , pair , pack ) of tools doing under the car.
4. There is a ( flock, nest, litter) of mice in the drawer.
5. A ( troupe, group, party) of dancers came to our school concert last year.
6. The small girl sang a song in front of a ( tribe, staff , crew ) of teachers.
7. I bought a ( comb, bouquet , stalk ) of flowers for my mother on Mothers’ Day.
15 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
9. Kassim gave his sick grandmother a ( comb, bunch, pack ) of grapes.
10. The girls saw a ( gang, herd , group ) of cows in the field.
11. The office is at the top of that ( flight , row , group ) of stairs.
12. She ordered a ( suit , suite , row ) of furniture for her new house.
13. The boys were chased by a ( herd , troop , pack ) of stray dogs.
14. Miss Tan has a ( stack , group , chest ) exercise books to mark.
15. We listened to a ( troupe , band , collection ) of musicians in the park.
16. The fisherman saw a ( school , flock , swarm ) of whales in the ocean.
17. My father bought a ( string , bundle , bouquet ) of pearls for my mother.
18. The ( team , crew , pride ) of hockey players from my school is very good.
19. There is a ( heap , collection , bundle ) of rubbish under the tree.
20. Please show me your ( group , collection , pack ) of stamps.
21. Last night I saw a ( collection , cluster , bouquet ) of stars in the sky.
22. The Philippines is made up a ( string , herd , group ) of islands.
23. The money is in that ( stack , chest, flights ) of drawers.
24. I saw a ( troop , herd , group ) of monkeys in the zoo.
16 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
UNIT 6
:
PRONOUNS
We use pronouns to replace nouns.
We also use pronouns to avoid repeating the same nouns in every sentence.
Below are three classes of personal pronouns.
First person the speaker I, we, me, us
Second person the person spoken to you
Third person neither the speaker nor the speaker talking to
he, she, it, him, her, they, them
Here are some examples of how personal pronouns can be used to replace nouns.
First person
Mariam and I went to the cinema. We went to the cinema.
Second person
“John, will you be playing football this afternoon?” asked Ravi.
Third person
Ramesh admires Mr. Lee greatly.
17 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 1
Fill in each blank with a suitable personal pronoun from the box below.
1. Robert went out to play after ______he____ had taken his lunch.
2. Nomads are wanderers and ______________ do not have any fixed homes.
3. Have you seen Susan? I have not seen _____________ since last week.
4. The gardener told _____________ not to play near the road but we did not listen.
5. The old man wanted to cross the road, so I helped ___________
6. My friend and I joined the army. ____________ wanted to be soldiers.
7. Although whales are mammals, _______________ live in the sea.
8. My sister dreamt that ________________ was flying like a bird.
9. I came to your house because I wanted to talk to _____________ urgently.
10. My friends made me join _____________ for a drink.
them they he her us
18 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks with suitable pronouns.
1. _______________ plants belong to Mrs Leong.
2. Ahmad has a cute cat. __________ is from Bangkok.
3. Mr and Mrs Lee took ___________ children to the zoo.
4. We built the sandcastles all by ______________ .
5. ____________ mother works as a teacher?
6. The dog is fierce. __________ barks at strangers.
7. The boys are happy because __________ father bought for them some presents.
8. ___________ pen is this?
9. ___________ apples are sour.
10. We did the homework all by ____________________ .
11. _____________ is helping his father in the workshop.
12. Mrs Tan is not at home. She has gone to __________ mother’s house.
13. Those bags belong to my cousins. _________ bought them yesterday.
14. Badrul and I went to Ipoh last night. ____________ went there by bus.
15. “Did all of ______________ enjoy yourselves?” Rahim asked the children.
you they These ourselves He
19 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 3
Underline the correct answer.
1. My mother sends _________ to school every morning ( me, mine )
2. Janet played with _________ just now. ( her, hers )
3. I polished ________ bicycle this morning. ( my, he )
4. ____________ class is the cleanest. ( Our, Yours )
5. I found this umbrella. I think it belongs to ________. ( you, their )
6. __________ is helping his father in the workshop. ( He, She )
7. Muthu is not at home. He had gone to _______ father’s house. ( her, his )
8. My sister and ________ like to watch the show. ( me, I )
9. Did you tell ________ to bring some food? ( they, them )
10. _________ visited relatives in Batu Pahat on Sunday. ( We, Us )
11. Please give __________ some dog food. ( it, its )
12. ___________ are wild animals. ( This, These )
13. Do not go near ___________ . ( they, them )
14. ______________ is an architect. ( He, Him )
20 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
UNIT 7
:
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
We use a reflexive pronoun after a verb when the subject and the object are the same person.
Example: I said to myself, ‘This will do fine.’ We use myself etc. for emphasis.
An emphatic pronoun can mean ‘without help’. It usually comes at the end of the sentence.
Example: Pak Mat said, ‘I cut down the tree myself.’
Language Notes:
If the subject and object are the same, we use reflexive pronoun as the object. Compare:
1. I see you. (object pronoun)
2. I see myself. (reflexive pronoun)
Subject Verb Reflexive Pronoun
21 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct reflexive pronoun.
1. I don’t have enough time for _______________ .
2. Are both of you serious or can you laugh at ______________ ?
3. They can’t solve the problem by _______________ .
4. Encik Ibrahim doesn’t like to talk about ______________ .
5. What did Sarah tell ______________?
6. We sometimes blame _____________ for our problems.
7. Do you ever go to the movies by ______________?
8. Maybe you expect too much of marriage, Hussin. Don’t be so hard on ____________.
9. I have to take care of the children. They can’t take care of _____________.
10. Don’t just look at the problems. Give _____________ credit for the good things you have
22 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
UNIT 8
:
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
Pronouns can be used to point out persons, things, or ideas. A pronoun that points out something is called a demonstrative pronoun.
SINGULAR : This is her handbag. That is his tennis racquet. PLURAL : These are her handbags. Those are his tennis racquets.
The forms this is and these are used to point to things nearby. That is and those are used
to point to things farther away.
EXERCISE 1
Complete the table below.
Singular Plural
Near
1.This is my fiance.
2._________ is my new car.
3.___________ is my son over
there.
4._______ is my wife who is
carrying the baby.
5________ are my notes.
6._________ are my kids.
7._____________ are my rabbits
in the hutch.
8_____________are my books
on the rack.
Far
1.That is my fiance.
2._________ is my new car.
3.___________ is my son over
there.
4._______ is my wife who is
carrying the baby.
5________ are my notes.
6._________ are my kids.
7._____________ are my rabbits
in the hutch.
8_____________are my books
23 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
UNIT 9
:
VERBS
The most important word in a sentence is the verb.
A verb expresses :
I ) an action 2 ) an event 3 ) a state
* drink * organise * moves
walk celebrate shines
Most verbs are used to express actions.
Study the tables given below carefully.
Aminah He She It Raju has does delivers plays waters I You They We The boys
Lim and Chan
have do deliver walk play water
Verbs expressing an action.
The man drives a green car to work.
Fish swim in the sea.
Pn. Norzillah reads the newspaper every morning.
They drink orange juice daily.
Verbs expressing an event.
24 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a We celebrate Teacher’s Day on 16 May every year.
The students take part in the debate competition yearly.
Our Principal gives a speech at our prize giving day every year.
Verbs expressing a state.
The sun moves around the earth. The moon shines at night.
Birds fly.
25 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
UNIT 10 :
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
A sentence consists of a subject and a verb. The subject may be a noun or a pronoun.
The verb must agree with its subject. When the subject is singular, the verb must be singular too. ( the singular verb normally ends with an ‘s’ )
Singular Subject Singular Verb
The bird has no Malay name.
The bird lives on insects.
Johan loves chocolates.
The student answers the questions.
It eats the fish.
She completes the experiment.
He concludes the essays.
When the subject is plural, the verb must be plural as well. (The plural verb normally does
not end with an‘s’).
Plural Subject Plural Verb
The birds have no Malay names.
The birds live on insects.
Johan and Hannah love chocolates.
The students answer the questions.
They eat the fish.
We complete the experiment.
26 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 1
Underline the correct word in the brackets.
1 My mother and I (go, goes) to the market every morning.
2 She (come , comes) here every week.
3 They often (play, plays) with their brother.
4 The rabbits (has, have) a short tail.
5 (Do, Does) they dance?
6 Plants (need, needs) water and sunlight to grow.
7 We (collect, collects) stamps during our free time.
8 Siew Lan ( opens , open) the windows every morning.
9 It sometimes (rain , rains) at night.
10 The boy (run, runs) in the field every evening.
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verbs in brackets.
1 She ___________(cook) every day.
2 The dog always _________(bark) at us.
3 Hens ___________(lay) eggs.
4 Firdaus and his brothers ___________(do) their homework every evening.
5 ___________(Do) they play for their school football team?
6 His parents _________(sell) fruits for a living.
7 A bat __________(sleep) during the day.
8 Ali often _____________(read) in class.
9 Ghazali _______(wear) white shirts every day.
27 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 3
Circle the best answers.
1. Jamal _____________ to bed at ten o’clock every night.
A. go B. goes
C. went D. is going
2. He ___________ not like rambutans.
A. does B. do
C. did D. is
3. Fadhil ____________ to play in the rain.
A. like B. liking
C. likes D. liked
4. There _____________ seven days in a week.
A. is B. was
C.were D. are
5. Nazliah ____________ a pink dress.
A. has B. have
C. does D. is
6. I ____________ my teeth every day.
A. brush B. brushed
C. brushes D. am brushing
28 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
A. Does C. Is
B. Do D. Did
8 Abdullah and Fadilah ___________ to the same school.
A. goes B. go
C. is going D. going
9. She ____________ some money now.
A. want B. wants
C. wanted D. wanting
10. Kamaluddin ____________ television every night.
A. watch B. watches
C. watched D. watching
EXERCISE 4
Underline the correct verb so that it agrees with the subject in each of the sentences below.
1. My student (is, are) a hardworking student.
2. The girls (is, are) preparing for the performance.
3. Shanthi (has, have) to sit for the test.
4. I (teach, teaches) Mathematics as well as Living Skills.
5. Elephants (is, are ) mammals.
6. “I (has, have) some questions,” said Sheilla
7. The Form 3 Wira students (arrives, arrive) very late at the laboratory.
8. Armi, Rashid and Yahya (wear, wears) glasses.
9. Nurul Huda (are, is) not satisfied with her present performance in the class.
29 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
UNIT 11
: AUXILIARY VERBS / MODALS
Not all verbs express action.
Verbs that do not express action are either verbs or auxiliary verbs
An auxiliary verb is a helping verb.
It is always before a verb
She has done her work.
It regulates the tense of its sentence.
We could see the sun rising in the east ( past tense )
Common auxiliary verbs :
am , are , be ,can , could , had , has , have ,is , may
might, must , shall, should ,was , were, will , would
Modals Functions/Usage Examples
1.
Can
Could
To express the ability of a living or non-living thing
To give or refuse permission
To make a request
To express possibility
Most birds can fly except penguin.
They can have breakfast now
You cannot tell her the secret.
Can you help me carry this table?
Mother could have waited for us
2.
May/might
To express possibility
To give or ask permission
I may buy a present for Linda
We might go for a picnic today
May I borrow your car? You may leave now.
Modals or auxiliary verbs are used with another verb to express possibility, permission, obligation, determination, refusal, etc. Can, could, will, would, must,
30 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
Modals Functions/Usage Examples
Will, Would Could, can
To ask for assistance To ask polite questions
Will you please open the door? Would you please open the door? Could you please carry the table? Can you please carry the table?
Have to, Must need
To express necessity I have to study tonight
She must go to the clinic today.
Should,
Ought to To express advice
You are tired, you should take a rest. Your dress is dirty, you ought to wash it.
EXERCISE 1
Read these sentences
1 I am going jungle trekking tomorrow.
2 The boys are camping beside the river.
3 He will be cutting the grass on Sunday.
4 Old newspapers can be recycled.
5 We could see the rainbow after the rain.
6 The workers had cleaned the drains last week.
7 The strong wind has blown the dried leaves away.
8 The flood victims have gone back to their houses.
9 We must keep our school clean.
31 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks with the correct verbs given in the box.
does can are is am have has was had do were did
1 This man ___________working as a lawyer in the same firm where my father works.
2 My father ___________a bad cold last week.
3 Carter and Jack _________________meeting n Kuala Lumpur next week.
4 Dashima ________________all the cooking at home.
5 My father and mother _______________ gone out for a wedding dinner.
6 They always _________________their homework together.
7 I _____________always on time because punctuality is a good habit.
8 That boy ___________________caught cheating during the test last Monday.
9 They ______________having a picnic by the seaside today.
10 Azlina ____________the ironing and cleaning yesterday morning.
11 My father ____________ just taken my brother to the dentist. They will be back in
an hour.
32 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 3
Fill in the blanks with can, cannot, may or may not to make meaningful sentences.
1. Too much rain ……… cause floods in low-lying areas.
2. It is too noisy that we ……….. hear the announcements.
3. He is very angry that he ……….. join us for dinner.
4. “Do you think you ………. keep a secret?” asked Fatimah.
5. It is already 3.00pm. He ……… come for the lesson.
6. The camel ……….. travel for days without drinking water.
7. You ……….. write to us at this address or send an email.
8. She must stay in the hospital. The doctor says she ……… have dengue.
9. I am afraid I ……….. make any changes because the date of the competition
has been fixed.
10. Pak Musa ……… be thin, but he is very healthy.
EXERCISE 4
Rewrite the following sentences using ‘may’.
1. Could I possibly get a lift?
____________________________________________________________________
2. Do you mind lending me your bicycle?
____________________________________________________________________
3. I would like to speak to the teacher.
____________________________________________________________________
4. Could I have your permission to go out?
33 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
UNIT 12
:
VERB-TO-BE
It consists of “am”, “is”, “are”, “was” and “were”.
The base form is “be”; the progressive form is “being”; and the participle form is “been”.
Functions :
o The verb “to be” has two main functions: as the main verb and as the helping verb.
o As a helping verb, it functions to indicate progressive tenses and passive
sentences.
1. Verb “to be” as main verb.
Depending on the subject and the tense, the verb “to be” changes its form into “am”, “is”, “are”, “was” “were” or “been”.
Thus, we have:
1. I am a teacher.
2. He was our guest speaker last year.
3. He is good at English.
4. They are in the room now.
In this case, the verb “to be” functions as the main verb.
2. Verb “to be” as helping verb.
i. Verb “to be” indicates progressive tense (continuous tense). Thus we have:
1. He is learning English.
2. She is being childish now!
3. They are cooking for the party tonight.
34 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a VERB-TO-BE
Subject Present Tense Past Tense Singular
is Was
He She
It Salleh
I am Was
Plural
are Were
You We They The girls
EXERCISE 1
Fill in the blanks with ‘am’, ‘is’ and ‘are’.
1.Neither she nor I ______ going to the concert.
2.Either she or they ________to take the things to your house afterwards.
3.Too much salt _______ bad for you for it will give you high blood pressure.
4.The town council ________ proposing a law to make every house owner pay extra tax. I
think everyone will object.
5.The children _________ going to get the best opportunities in life.
6.Every man and every woman __________ to help to make this scheme a success.
7.He can never give up politics because politics _________ in his blood.
8.The policemen ________ setting up road blocks everywhere to catch the robbers.
9.There ________ a number of chairs in the canteen. You can take one of them.
35 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks with ‘was’ or ‘were’.
1. The prices of the things he bought _________ very high.
2. Every boy and every girl in the school __________ asked to help in the concert last
month.
3. Neither he nor I __________ wrong in this matter. So, do not blame either of us.
4. Not only his friends but also his enemies __________ praising him for his honesty at a
ceremony two years ago.
5. There __________ very little variety in the food they served in the canteen.
6. The crew and passengers ____________ treated to dinner when they landed on the
island.
7. His family ___________ always eating durians when they visited their grandparents in
the village.
8. The class ___________ quietly doing their work when the teacher went to the office.
36 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
UNIT 13
:
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
The Simple Present Tense is used to show a truth or a fact
Study the examples below:
o Susan brushes her teeth every morning.
o My mother cooks fish curry every week.
o The boys play football in the evening.
The Simple Present Tense is also used for actions which are done habitually or which happens regularly.
Adverbs like every morning, once a month, usually, always, never , often can be used with the Simple Present Tense.
Susan brushes her teeth every morning.
My mother cooks fish curry every week.
The boys play football in the evening.
REMEMBER:
Singular nouns take the singular form of the verb in the simple present tense.
Plural nouns take the plural form of the verb in the simple present tense.
We use the Simple Present when we talk about something which happens repeatedly.
Eg: Ali walks to school everyday.
We use the Simple Present to describe a series of actions in the present.
37 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a Study the table below carefully. It will help you.
SINGULAR PLURAL
He Susan The cat plays sings writes runs They We I You play sing write run EXERCISE 1
Underline the correct forms of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.
1. The earth [ moves / move ] round the sun.
2. Lions and tigers [ hunt / hunts] for food in the jungle.
3. Anna and Ben [ practises / practise ] playing the piano an hour everyday.
4. Mosquitoes [ is / are] harmful insects.
5. Latif often [ watch / watches] television at night.
6. Cocks [ crow / crows] ; a hen [ cackle / cackles].
7. Mona usually [ exercises / exercise ] in the morning.
8. Sometimes the children [ walk / walks ] to school but usually their father [ drive /
drives] them.
9. Sheila and her cousins often [ participate / participates] in essay writing competitions.
10. My friend [ speak / speaks ] Chinese fluently but he [ do not know / does not know
how to write it.
EXERCISE 2
Complete these sentences by underlining the correct verb form.
Sarah ( 1) ( is / are ) a policewoman. Her day (2) ( begin / begins ) early. She
(3) (leave / leaves ) for work at 6 a.m. each day. She ( arrives / arrive ) at the police station
at 7.45 a.m. At 8 a.m. she and the other officers (5) (attend / attends) a meeting. Their
38 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
Sarah and her partner Bill usually (7) (patrols / patrol ) a certain part of the city
each day. They ( 8 ) (make / makes ) sure that the streets and back alley ( 9 ) (is / are)
safe for the public. They visit shopping and video arcades to look for students who
(10) (play / plays) truant. Sarah’s day often ( 11 ) ( end / ends ) at 6.30 p.m.
EXERCISE 3
Complete the sentences with the simple present tense of the verbs in the box.
1. Mum, we ____________your cakes. They are delicious.
2. Dareen ______________ articles for a famous magazine.
3. The cook usually ___________________ new recipes every Tuesday.
4. My little brother ____________ home from school every afternoon to watch cartoons.
5. During winter it _________, so we have to put on our boots.
6. Dolphins _____________ underwater through their blowholes.
7. Danny ___________tennis at the club every weekend.
8. We usually _________ recyclable things in special bins.
9. Dogs __________ a well-developed sense of smell.
10. The women ___________mats out of screw-pine leaves for a living.
EXERCISE 4
1. Ali _________________ (wash) his car every Saturday.
2. Aminah _____________ (iron) her clothes every morning.
3. Every day, Ali _________ (read) books, _______ (do) his homework and _________
(play) football.
4. Every Sunday morning, Aminah ________ (go) to the market, ________ (buy)
newspaper and ____________ (do) house chores.
breathe have hurry love play
39 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
UNIT 14 :
THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
The Simple Past Tense is used to talk about actions, states, and situations in the past.
We use the Simple Past when we talk about something which started and finished in the past.
Eg: Yesterday, Ali walked to school.
We use the Simple Past to describe a series of actions in the past.
Eg: Yesterday, Ali woke up, brushed his teeth and took a bath.
We can use the Simple Past together with the Past Continuous .
Eg: Yesterday, while Ali was walking to school, he saw a cat.
Example:
40 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
You can use the simple past tense with time expressions that refer to the past.
Some examples of past time expressions are:
i. “last”
Examples:
She was here last Sunday.
They were in London last year.
ii. “ago”
Examples:
He went shopping in the new mall a week ago.
We saw the Director eating in the café a while ago.
iii) “yesterday”
Examples:
Joe was at the cinema when their parents came back from Tokyo yesterday.
Ali and Zai were doing their assignments yesterday afternoon.
REGULAR VERBS
You will notice that the word ‘look’ does not change when we add the suffix “-ed” and the main verb ‘look’ is the same. Therefore “LOOK” is a regular verb.
PRESENT I look through the window.
41 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 1
Past Tense – Regular Verbs
Give the answers for the following.
1. walk ____________________
2. play ____________________
3. boil ____________________
4. wash ____________________
5. kick ____________________
6. lock ____________________
7. watch ____________________
8. clean ____________________
9. sew ____________________
10. dust ____________________
11. paint ____________________
12. fry ____________________
13. study ____________________
14. pray ____________________
15. try ____________________
16. cry ____________________
17. dry ____________________
18. live ____________________
19. wipe ____________________
42 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks by changing the verb in the brackets into past tense form. The first
sentence has been done for you.
1. The result was so unexpected that it shocked everyone. (shock)
2. My mother ____________ chicken curry for dinner last night. (cook)
3. Sam ____________ us to lock the doors. (remind)
4. My sister __________ my hand so tightly that it hurt. (grip)
5. Who ____________ my new shoes? (borrow)
6. My mother ________ her clothes while watching television. (iron)
7. We had to stop the game yesterday because it __________ heavily. (rain)
8. His sister _______ cakes for him yesterday. (bake)
9. The headmaster _______ his teachers about the new programme. (inform)
10. The plumber _____ the broken pipe in just ten minutes. (fix)
EXERCISE 3
Use the words in the brackets to fill in the blanks.
1. Kamal ______________ his grandfather in the village . (visit, visited)
2. They __________ fruits at the orchard.( plucking, plucked)
3. Siti ______________ after he sisters when her mother was away. (look, looked)
4. My mother _______________ chicken rice last night. (cooking, cooked)
5. Sarimah and Karina ______________ the clothes and dried them outside. (washing,
washed)
6. Kamal ______________ to school yesterday because his bicycle broke down. (walked,
43 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
7. David was bored, so he ______________ a movie last night. (watch, watched)
8. Lim and Shini ___________________ the desks and chairs just now. (arrange,
arranged)
9. Jokun __________________ a few books from the library just now. (borrowing,
borrowed)
10. She ___________________ with the headmaster an hour ago. (talk, talked)
11. The boys __________________ in the river yesterday evening.( playing, played)
12. When they _________________ the zoo, they bought the tickets at the counter. ( reach,
reached)
13. My grandmother ________________ some chilli seeds in the garden. (plants, planted)
14. My father and my uncle _____________________ the house last Sunday.( paint,
painted)
44 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a IRREGULAR VERBS
A verb is a ‘ doing ’ or an ‘action’ word.
The tense tells when the action takes place.
Present ( today )
Past (yesterday )
Future ( tomorrow )
verb
verb + ed
will / shall + verb
I paint a picture.
I painted a picture.
I shall paint a picture.
Irregular verbs do not follow this pattern. Their past tense is different.
These are the most commonly used irregular verbs.
PRESENT PAST Today Yesterday
I……. I …….
PRESENT PAST Today Yesterday
I …….. I……..
am was
awake awoke
bear bore
begin began
bite bit
bleed bled
blow blew
break broke
bring brought
build built
buy bought
catch caught
choose chose
come came
creep crept
fly flew
forget forgot
freeze froze
fry fried
give gave
go went
cry cried
deal dealt
dig dug
do did
draw drew
dream dreamt
drink drank
drive drove
dry dried
eat ate
fall fell
feed fed
feel felt
fight fought
find found
see saw
sell sold
send sent
shake shook
shine shone
45 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a grow grew
hang hung
hear heard
hide hid
hold held
keep kept
know knew
lay laid
lead led
learn learnt
learned
leave left
lend lent
lie lay
light lit
lighted
lose lost
make made
mean meant
meet met
pay paid
read read
ride rode
ring rang
rise rose
run ran
say said
sink sunk
sit sat
slide slid
sleep slept
smell smelt
smelled
speak spoke
speed sped
spend spent
spin spun
spoil spoilt
spoiled
stand stood
steal stole
sweep swept
swim swam
swing swung
take took
teach taught
tear tore
tell told
think thought
throw threw
wake woke
wear wore
win won
46 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 1
Fill in the blanks with the correct irregular verbs.
1 The man (drive) _________________his car to work yesterday.
2 The boys (swim) ________________in the swimming pool the whole morning.
3 Siti Nurhaliza (sing) ______________ a melodious song at the concert.
4 Mariah (write) _______________on the exercise book.
5 The boy (run) ______________towards his father.
6 The Mathematics teacher (teach) _______________the students algebra last week.
7 My mother (go) _____________to the market this morning.
8 Cik Zarina Bi (pay) ____________the shopkeeper for the goods.
9 The Prime Minister (shake) ____________hands with the teachers at the parade.
10 The aeroplane (fly) ____________over the tall building.
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks with the correct irregular verbs.
1 The man (drive) _________________his car to work yesterday.
2 The boys (swim) ________________in the swimming pool the whole morning.
3 Siti Nurhaliza (sing) ______________ a melodious song at the concert.
4 Mariah (write) _______________on the exercise book.
5 The boy (run) ______________towards his father.
6 The Mathematics teacher (teach) _______________the students algebra last week.
47 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a 8 Cik Zarina Bi (pay) ____________the shopkeeper for the goods.
9 The Prime Minister (shake) ____________hands with the teachers at the parade.
10 The aeroplane (fly) ____________over the tall building.
EXERCISE 3
Past Tense- Irregular Verbs
Write the Simple Past Tense for the following.
1. go ___________________
2. eat __________________-
3. sit __________________
4. see __________________
5. run ___________________
6. give ___________________
7. find ___________________
8. dig ___________________
9. sell ___________________
10. send ___________________
11. sink ___________________
12. lose ___________________
13. take ___________________
14. blow ___________________
48 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 4
Irregular Verbs
Use the words in the brackets to fill in the blanks.
1. He _________ clerk two years ago ( is, was )
2. John ________ a toy to his sister. ( gives, gave )
3. Maria _________ part in the netball game. ( take, took )
4. We __________ a good meal at home last night. ( have, had )
5. After the game, Johan ________ home by bus. ( goes, went )
6. Those boys _________ at the canteen during the recess. ( are, were )
7. Jason _________ a sandwich for lunch this afternoon. ( eats, ate )
8. Ali ________ the second prize for his story last week. ( win, won )
9. Mrs Wong ___________ a magazine from the shop. ( buy, bought )
10. They __________ the wooden table in the hall. ( put, puts )
11. The boys ________ back late after the football match. ( come, came )
12. Linda _________ the song sweetly, so everyone clapped loudly. ( sings, sang )
13. The woman __________ bitterly when she heard the sad news. ( cries, cried )
14. The children _________ in the clean water. ( swam, swim )
15. Sharmila ________ a lot of water because the food was very spicy.
49 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
UNIT 15 :
SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
We use the future tense to show future action.
Examples:
I will go to your place on Monday.
Mr Lopez will call us at 9 p.m. tomorrow.
9 pm tomorrow
Now Monday
We form the simple future tense using will in this way:
Examples:
Sue will wash the dishes later.
They will visit Mrs Lim tomorrow evening.
The taxi will be here at 3 pm.
We can also use the “going to” form for future action that is planned earlier or events that we think are likely to happen in the future. We form the simple future tense using “going to” in this way:
past present future
will +
base form of verb
Present tense of the verb
to be
+
going to
+ base form
of verb
REMEMBER!
The following are examples of some words that may be used with verbs in the future tense
tomorrow tomorrow night
50 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a Examples:
He is going to play golf on Saturday.
I am going to swim in the evening.
Oil prices are going to rise next week.
We use Future Tense to show actions which will happen in future.
51 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
UNIT 16 : PROGRESSIVE TENSE- PAST AND PRESENT
The past continuous tense is formed by the past tense of the verb to be+ the present participle.
It is used for past actions whose exact limits are not known.
The past continuous is chiefly used for past actions which continued for some time but whose exact limits are not known and are not important.
Example:
He is talking on the phone. ( present progressive tense)
He talked on the phone an hour ago. (past tense)
He was talking on the phone an hour ago. (past progressive tense)
She is singing a song.
She sang a song last night.
She was singing a song last night.
The cat is eating a fish.
The cat ate a fish just now / It ate a fish just now.
The cat was eating a fish just now. /It was eating a fish just now.
PROGRESSIVE TENSE
Ways to change base words to the verb+ing form
By
adding “ing”
e.g. ; discount = discounting
By
omitting the “e” and adding
“ing”
e.g. : produce = producing
By
doubling the last consonant and adding “ing”
52 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 1
Change the verbs below into the verb-ing forms
bring, hope, end, rejoice, raise, sweep, keep, bear, deserve, continue
1. _________________ 6. _________________
2. _________________ 7. _________________
3. _________________ 8. _________________
4. _________________ 9. _________________
53 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
UNIT 17 :
PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE
Notes: There must be an agreement between the subject and Past Progressive Tense (verbs – to- be and verb+ing) when using it in the past tense.
Ali was eating rice when it rained.
The students were writing essays when the dismissal bell rang.
Sentence structure : Singular subject
Plural subject singular
subject
singular
+ past tense
base verb + “ing” shows past tense
plural subject
plural+ past tense verb to
be
base word + ”ing” ( omit “e”)
shows past tense
54 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 1
Study the subjects in the following sentences and write the correct Past Progressive Tense.
1. Abu _____ ______ (sit) on the chair when it broke.
2. The teachers _____ _________ ( teach ) when they heard the announcement
3. My mother _____ _____ (cook) when the phone rang.
4. The principal _____ _____ (give) a speech when she fainted.
5. The students _____ ______ (run) across the road when the accident happened.
6. A boy ________ ______________ (read) a book under the tree a moment ago.
7. The birds ______ _______________ (fly) in the sky when it rained.
8. My mother ______ __________________ (bake) some cookies in the kitchen when she came.
9. The girls _________ ______________ (run) around the field when it started pouring.
10. The man and the woman ______ ______________ (watch) television in the living room when they heard someone on the door.
EXERCISE 2
Study the subjects in the sentences and fill in the blanks with the correct verbs to be and
spelling of verb +ing form.
1. The spectators ______ _______ (cheer) the Malaysian Team.
2. My mother _______ ______ (praise) Nana when the announcement of Gegar Vaganza
was made.
3. Kien Keat and Boon Heong __________ ________ (train) at the badminton academy
when they received the news.
55 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
UNIT 18 :
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
We use the Present Continuous to show an action which is happening at the moment of speaking.
Eg: Now, Ali is reading a book.
EXERCISE 1 Fill in the blanks.
1. Now, Ali _________ (wash) a car.
2. Aminah ___________ (bathe) now.
3. The cats ______________ (sleep ).
4. The farmers _________________ ( rest) under a tree.
5. My teacher _________________ (mark ) the books.
EXERCISE 2
Choose the correct answers and fill in the blanks.
1. The boys __________________________ in the playground. ( is playing, are playing)
2. The woman ____________________ the floor with a broom. ( is sweeping, am sweeping)
3. The little girl _______________________ an ice-cream.( are eating, is eating)
4. The man with a songkok ____________________ some fish. (am choosing, is choosing)
5. A woman _____________________ some oranges into a plastic bag. ( is putting, are putting)
6. The girl _____________________ after the children.(is looking, are looking)
56 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
8. The children __________________________ in the sea. ( am swimming, are swimming)
9. The men ______________________ on the bench in the park. ( is sitting, are sitting)
10. A boy ______________________ a book under the tree. (is reading, are reading)
11. The birds _____________________ in the sky. (is flying, are flying)
12. My mother ________________________ some cookies in the kitchen. (is baking, are baking)
13. The girls _______________________ around the field. (are running, is running)
14. The man and the woman _____________________ television in the living room. (is watching, are watching)
57 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
UNIT 19
:
PREPOSITIONS
A preposition is a word which is used before a noun or pronoun to show its relation to some other words in the sentence. Preposition used in sentences show how things, people, and animals relate to each other in space , time and others.
Examples
He sat on the bench. (space)
He called the police at ten o’clock. (time)
He opened the letter with a knife. (method )
He killed the fox for its fur. (purpose)
Preposition of time
ten minutes
for a month after
for two years
four days For + duration of
time
a long time
58 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
At
The weekend
Night
After
For + duration of time
on
Midnight
Noon
4 o’clock/4 pm
Wednesday
Wednesday morning
21 September 1990
Twenty-first September
September 21
after
by
until/till
before
since (+point in time)
1998
Winter/summer
May
In
the morning
the afternoon
59 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 1
Tick () to the correct statement.
1 There is a laptop on the table. X
2 There is a round clock on the wall.
3 The compact disc is under the table.
4 The table is in front of the sofa.
5 There is a chair near the table.
6 The computer table is opposite the sofa.
7 The mouse is between the key board and a book.
EXERCISE 2
Look at the picture and fill in the blanks with the words provided.
60 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a 1. The fox is ______________the rock.
2. The hen is ______________ the cage.
3. The dwarf is _____________ the tree.
4. The horse walks ____________ the road.
5. The giant is ______________ on the hill.
EXERCISE 3
Look at the picture. Read the sentence and number it based on the picture.
a. I am in the water.
b. I am up here in the tree.
c. I am on the leaf.
d. I am under the bridge.
61 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 4
Underline the correct preposition in the bracket. 1. Alan is very tall (for, in ) his age.
2. He went to work (on, at) half past seven.
3. Alia sat (beside, between) Rosnah and Lim.
4. I have replied (to, from ) her letter.
5. He is (on, in ) duty today.
6. The cat is lying (on, inside) the sofa.
7. He has been reading (since, for ) ten o’clock. 8. My mother is not (in, at ) home.
9. The boy fell (of, off ) his horse and broke his leg.
10. Have you heard (from, at) Aini lately?
EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks with the correct preposition. The words in the table may help you.
across along before behind from into
past through to towards
1. The sparrow is flying __________ the rambutan tree.
2. Mother is throwing the rubbish _______ the rubbish bin.
3. The girl is running away _________ the dog.
4. The baby is walking _______ the television.
5. Mary is running ______ the final station in the cross country race.
6. The music can be heard ___________ the wall.
7. Walk _____________ this road to come to a junction.
8. The best swimmer is swimming ________ the widest river.
9. We have to complete this test ________ we go home.
62 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 6
Underline the correct answer.
1. The boy is walking (to, from, across) the canteen.
2. Mary ran (into, toward, across) the road.
3. The kitten fell (from, into, past) the well.
4. The seal leapt (from, into, through) the hoop.
5. He is cycling (from, to, along) the school to the market.
6. The deer is running (to, from, past) the tiger.
7. Please be at the cinema (before, by, on) 6.00 p.m. because the movie is starting at
6.15 p.m.
8. The snake crawled (into, in, at) the basket.
EXERCISE 7
Fill in the blanks with the correct preposition.
1. Did you meet Mr Lim _________ the meeting yesterday?
2. She hid the dirt ___________ the carpet.
3. Don’t walk ___________ the dog. It might bite you.
4. Monica’s birthday is ___________ the 3rd of October.
5. The baby has been sick __________ a few days.
6. I received a letter ________ my sister who is studying _______ London.
7. Remember to switch off the lights ________ you leave the room.
8. The ball rolled ________ the stairs and fell ________ the drain.
9. The clinic will be closed _________ the public holidays.
10. James works ________ an accountant in a bank.
11. My grandmother left her spectacles __________ the table.
12. I am looking for a piece _________ paper to write a letter.
13. The man ran ________ of the burning house.
63 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a
UNIT 20 :
ADVERBS
There are several types of adverbs such as adverbs of manner, time, frequency, place and degree.
Adverbs are words that describe verbs, adjectives or other adverbs.
There are many kinds of adverbs.
Adverbs of Manner
Adverbs of manner describe ‘how’.
Examples:
quickly, strangely, confidently, wisely, sweetly
Study the following examples. a. How did she shout?
She shouted loudly.
b. How did he sing?
He sang confidently.
c. How did the fire burn?
It burned slowly.
EXERCISE 1
Identify and underline the adverbs in the sentences given below.
1. The very end of the restaurant is strictly for non-smokers.
2. Sheila is solely responsible for the cleanliness of the library.
3. The miser counts his money careful