A SEMIOTICS ANALYSIS IN MEME 'TROLL FOOTBALL'.

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A SEMIOTICS ANALYSIS IN MEME

TROLL FOOTBALL

A THESIS

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of Arts and Humanities State Islamic

University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya

By:

Wahyu Purba Laksono

Reg. Number: A93212191

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SUNAN AMPEL

SURABAYA

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xii ABSTRACT

Laksono, Wahyu Purba. 2016. A Semiotics Analysis in Meme ‘Troll Football’. English Department, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

The Advisor: Muhammad Thoriqussu’ud. M.pd.

This thesis discussed Signifier & Signified and Denotation Connotation in meme Troll Football. In this thesis, the writer proposed two research problems as follow: (1) What is the description of signifier and signified in meme Troll Football post? (2) What is denotative meaning and connotative meaning of each memes on Troll Football post?. This thesis explored the meaning of some phrases and sentences that appeared in meme Troll Football posted in trollfootball.me.

The writer used descriptive-qualitative method during doing this research. This method was started from collecting, analyzing, and interpreting the data. The data of this research were some meme Troll Football post and some books to support the analysis process which was done by the writer. The writer used qualitative approach because the procedure of the research which produced descriptive data in the form of written texts or people spoken and the behavior which could be analyzed for the data collected are in the form of words. The procedure of data collection were collecting data related on phrases or sentences in meme Troll Football.

In meme Troll Football post based on this research, it could be divided into the Signifier and Signified. The Signifier and Signified of meme Troll Football could be verbal text and the visual. The verbal text was the text which appeared on the picture could be a word, clause, phrase, & sentence and the visual was all the post from the background until the written text on the post. In this research, the writer found the denotative and connotative meaning in Troll Football post.

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ABSTRAK

Laksono, Wahyu Purba.2016. A Semiotics Analysis in Meme ‘Troll Football’. Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

Pembimbing: Muhammad Thoriqussu’ud. M.pd.

Skripsi ini mendiskusikan tentang Pertan & Penanda serta Denotasi & Konotasi pada meme Troll Football. Dalam skripsi ini, penulis mempunyai dua rumusan masalah, yaitu: (1) Apa deskripsi Pertandan dan Penanda pada postingan meme Troll Football? (2) Apa makna denotasi dan konotasi di setiap postingan meme Troll Football? Skripsi ini mendalami makna dari beberapa frasa dan kalimat yang muncul pada postingan meme Troll Football yang ditampilkan di trollfootball.me.

Peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif selama melakukan penelitian ini. Metode ini dimulai dari mengumpulkan data, menganalisa data dan menginterpretasikan data. Data dari penelitian ini berupa meme yang di posting Troll Football dan beberapa buku penunjang untuk mendukung proses analisa yang dilakukan peneliti. Penulis menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif karena prosedur dari penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif dalam bentuk teks tulis atau pembicaraan orang lain dan kebiasaan yang bisa dianalisa untuk pengumpulan data adalah dalam bentuk kata-kata. Prosedur dalam mengoleksi data adalah mengoleksi data yang berhubungan dengan frasa atau kalimat yang ada di meme Troll Footbal.

Postingan meme Troll Football dalam penelitian ini dapat dibagi menjadi dua yakni penanda dan pertanda. Penanda dan pertanda yang terkandung di dalam meme Troll Football bisa berupa kalimat verbal dan juga visual. Kalimat verbal berupa teks yang muncul di dalam gambar berupa kata, kalusa, frasa dan kalimat. Sedangkan visualnya berupa semua postingan mulai dari latar belakang sampai teks dalam gambar. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti juga menemukan makna denotasi dan konotasi yang terkandung dalam meme Troll Football.

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Thesis Examiner’s Approval Page ... vii

Acknowledgment ... viii

 Signifier and Signified ... 13

2) Roland Barthes’s Theory ... 14

 Denotation and Connotation ... 15

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CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design ... 21

B. Technique of Data Collection ... 22

1. Instrument ... 22

2. Data ... 22

3. Data Source ... 22

4. Data Collection ... 23

C. Data Analysis ... 26

1. Data Reduction ... 26

2. Display Data ... 27

3. Verification ... 28

CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION A. Findings ... 29

B. Discussion ... 58

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion ... 61

B. Suggestion ... 61

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

In this part, the writer introduces the present study. It describes

background of the study, research problems, research purposes, significance of the study, scope and limitations, definition of key terms and theoretical framework in

the part of introduction.

A. Background of Study

The improvement of community needs in various fields, especially in

telecommunications, information, and entertainment is increasing, it causes the interconnectedness and interdependence of human in this globalization era. One of the most striking needs is improvement the information needs.

Nowadays, the rapid development of science is followed by the information technology development. Through information technology,

someone can get the information fast and easy. One of the technology products which can be used as the finding information is internet. Schonherr (1998: 712) states that internet with its sets as like a big library which can be

accessed by everyone. But, for searching this virtual library effectively is not easy. There will be other interested offer so you cannot focus on what you are

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According to Sulistyo-Basuki (1991: 87), information technology is technology which utilizes information, saves, produces, operates, and shares

the information. In 20th century was imagined as the first mass media. In this time, you can also find the changing of awe and fear which is influenced by

mass media. Although there is big change in the society after emerging the information technology but it looks like there is no any change. Moreover, people cannot leave their new behavior in operating the internet to get some

information.

Website is a collection of components which consists of text, picture,

sound animation that gives interesting information to be visited (Pipiapioh: 2010). Website is information page which is provided via internet. According to Nichols (1996), website bridges its users to give many kinds of

information. The contents of website can be text, picture, sound and video that can be accessed by anyone who have computer and internet access,

without being tied a time and place.

The presence of website becomes one of the answers for information needs and it can be a place to increase users’ creativity. One of the creativity

is creating meme. Meme (/ˈmiːm/) is a new phenomenon in the virtual world and becomes one of the most popular forms of humor on the internet. The

word meme comes from Greek mimesis which means imitate or mimicry (Dawkins, 1976: 192). Meme is used to describe a concept which spreads via internet, although meme’s real meaning focuses on a concept or category

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meme which spreads in internet via social media, blog, e-mail, and so on. In the real world, meme is called “idea”, but most people call it as meme

(Richard Face, 2012: 4-5).

Mimicry in meme can be seen from the people’s tendency to share

meme ideas or making something similar. An idea which is contained in a meme can be activity, incident, or interesting information. This interesting property can make the idea spread easily in the virtual world and make meme

become popular.

Meme is created by replication and modification process from

photographic imageries which have been available in Google search engine. The creators usually just add the finding picture with the text, or do editing the picture by using digital imaging process. The editing process depends on

what information is going to be delivered. After the creating process done, meme is going to be shared via media share, retweet, or repost service in

social media.

This research focuses on meaning that is contained in meme. Semiotics is defined as a science of significance, obtained by two people, a

Swiss linguist, Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913) and an American philosopher of pragmatism, Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914) (Vera, 2015:

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dealing with the study of signs and everything connected with the sign, such as sign systems and processes that apply to use of sign. Semiotics itself comes

from Greek semeion, means sign. Semiotics is a study of signs. It can replace something else that can be thought or imagined. This branch of science

originally developed in the field of language, and then develops in the field of art and visual communication design (Tinarbuko, 2008: 16).

Meme which combine between pictures and words also has signifier

and signified which produce a denotative and connotative meaning. Denotation is when you mean what you say literally. Connotation is created

when you mean something else, something that might be initially hidden. Meme itself can be video, picture, or text display. Text display meme usually consists of text which is supported by macro picture so that both picture and

text display can support each other.

There are so many kinds of meme. But, here the writer just wants to focus on Troll Football. Based on its name, it talks about football. The word

troll here means uttering the satire word. Football is a sport played by two teams each teams consist of eleven players. Each team tries to score as many

as possible into the opponent's goal and tries to defend their goal in order to make the opponent cannot score a goal (Sarumpaet, 1992: 5).

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unite several of ethnic groups on earth. All people can play this game, from

just a hobby until to be used as a career to earn money.

Natakusumah (2009: 3) states that at the first time modern football is initiated and disseminated by Englishman into the whole world, nobody

probably thought someday football is going to be a mighty power which influences many life aspects in this world. Football is not just a game, but the effect of that game have penetrated other aspects such as social, religion,

information technology, entertainment, politic, and economy.

The writer chooses this meme to be analyzed in this research because of some factors. (1) Meme Troll Football is the most popular meme used to

satirize fans for bad result in the game play or express the happy feeling of each football fans. People usually use it by changing the display picture on

Blackberry Messenger. (2) It has specific theme then other memes, its theme is about football. Meme Troll Football is created by the true story that happen

in the football. This meme talks about football play and something related with football players, stuffs, and fans.

As the other writers have done in doing the research, having been

aware of the previous studies is really important to get more qualified in the research. Indriani Triandjojo (2008) SEMIOTIKA IKLAN MOBIL DI MEDIA

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DALAM ‘MEME’ POLITIK (Studi Semiotika ‘Meme’ Politik dalam Masa

Pemilu 2014 pada Jejaring Sosial ‘Path’ sebagai Media Kritik di Era Siber).

But, this research has some differences with those preview studies. It can be seen from data source that is used in this research, meme Troll Football.

Base on those cases, the writer sees that the signs contained in Troll Football need to be observed and analyzed by using the appropriate tools, namely semiotics. This study deals with written and visual sign that shows in

meme Troll Football. So, to elaborate and answer the statement problems, the writer uses Roland Barthes’ theory.

B. Research Problems

Based on background above, this study is conducted to answer the

following questions:

1. What is the description of signifier and signified in meme Troll Football post?

2. What is denotative meaning and connotative meaning of each memes on Troll Football post?

C. Objectives of the Research

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1. To describe which part is signifier and which part is signified in meme Troll Football.

2. To describe the denotative and connotative meaning of each memes on Troll Football post.

D. Significance of the Study

The significance of the study is the writer specially divides into two

significances; they are theoretically and practically.

1. Theoretically

This research gives some additional information to the reader,

especially people who are interested in meme about semiotics in Troll Football post, and able to understand its hidden meaning on each post. It gives idea that understanding meme is easy and able to make relax after

knowing each content. The writer hopes this research can be useful for English Department students as a reference in analyzing meme or

semiotics.

2. Practically

The further research has benefit in several areas. This research

practically has benefit to know denotative and connotative meaning on Troll Football post. People who observe it can see that there is something

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people that semiotics not only can be used to analyze advertisement, but

also meme.

The writer wish this research could give the encouragement addition for everyone who is interested in this study and it also can be the

alternative reference or the supporting complement of the research that has been done.

E. Scope and Limitation

Regarding to the statement in research problem, the writer focuses on denotative and connotative meaning in meme Troll Football by Roland Barthes’ theory.

Denotative meaning covers appointed things by words or explicit relation between sign and reality. For example there is picture of human,

animal, tree or house which colored red, yellow, blue and white. On denotative stage just mention the data information (Piliang in Tinarbuko,

2008).

Whereas the connotative meaning covers aspect of color, which correlates feeling and emotion along with cultural values and point of view in

a community group, for example: smiling face icon can be interpreted as a happy condition or insulting expression. For understanding connotative

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For example:

Taken from: trollfootball.me

 Denotative meaning

A picture which consists of United Kingdom’s flag which is put

Arsene Wenger’s photo in the center and it is supported by the written

text SOCCER? DON’T YOU MEAN FOOTBALL?  Connotative meaning

The written text in meme above is talking about naming in one sport. The key words of the written text are soccer and Football. Both words actually refer to the same sport, but it has a different style–

American and British style. In British uses football, so that’s why in the background of the meme use UK’s flag and America uses soccer because

in America, they have their own sports namely Football America which

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Arsene Wenger’s photo in the center of meme means insulting

expression. Arsene Wenger is Arsenal coach which often brings Arsenal

finished in 4th position in table classmen. Arsenal finish in 4th position seven times since 1993 and six times was brought by Arsene Wenger. So that’s why Arsenal often associated with number 4.

This post is talking about meme Troll Football fans page on

Facebook has got four million likes.

In the other hand, the writer limits this study only on August 2015 to June 2016 football game play which is posted in Troll Football’s website on trollfootball.me. The writer gets 8.950 post during 335 days which accessed

in Troll Football’s website among doing the research. From those data, the writer divides some aspects as like social, religion, information technology,

entertainment, politic, and economy aspect.

F. Definition of Key Terms

1. Meme is an image, video, piece of text, etc., typically humorous in nature that is copied and spread rapidly by Internet users, often with slight

variations.

2. Troll Football is a collection of football-themed meme site which talks about satire in football.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

In this part includes the discussion of some theories and the review of previous study. Related theories which have links with this analysis are semiotics, connotative and denotative. The main data in this analysis is the meme Troll

Football which is got from the internet.

A. Theoretical Bases

1. Semiotics

This research focuses on signs or symbols that are used in meme Troll Football. The study of signs is called semiotics. According to Berger,

semiotics has two important figures; they are Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913) and Charles Sander Peirce (1839-1914). Both of them

develop semiotics separately with the different scientific backgrounds, Saussure as a linguist and Peirce as a philosopher. Saussure calls his science development Semiology (Tinarbuko, 2008: 11). Saussure

illustrates that a sign consist of signifier and signified. Those two elements as like two sides of a coin that cannot be separated.

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appraisal, make us possible to explore the perception and comprehension

each other in this world.

Semiotics helps us to know and understand how to make communication. It also helps to explain the habits and rules in all elements

in our communications environment. Spoken or written language, pictures, movies are the things that have many variations to be explained.

a. Sign

The definition of sign is something conventionally that can replace or represent something else. According to Saussure, signs have

entities those are signifier and signified. An utterance only applies a sign if it consists of signifier and signified. While the relationship between signifier and signified is arbiter.

Sign is the representation of phenomenon that has a number of criteria such as: naming, role, function, purpose, whish. Sign is able in

every human life (Budianto, 2001: 16).

Sign is everywhere. It can be word, body language, traffic light, flag, and so on. Everything can be sign, so without sign we cannot

make communication each other (van Zoest, 1996: vii).

Sign actually a representation from indication that has some

criteria such as: naming, function, purpose, hope. Sign is in every human live and it has meaningful action like the actualization on language, religion, knowledge (Budianto, 2001: 16).

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Ferdinand de Saussure was regarded as figures of modern structural linguistics. Saussure emphasis on the arbitrary nature of

the sign is defined as sound-image and concept. Saussure divides sign to be sound-image and concept because he wants to give the

emphasis that linguistic sign does not unite a thing with a name but a concept with sound-image (Saussure, 1916: 98). We can understand his idea that linguistic sign does not unite a thing with a

name because some words produce easy meaning to be concept as like; tree, car, or chair. But if those words have philosophy or

mystery meaning, it is not easy to concept. We may also have easy words to concept but it does not create the same perception in other people. For example, no one can guarantee that the word ‘car’

create the same perception on the readers. From this case, Saussure defines sign as something which is created from someone concept

which relates with sound-image of the something’s name. In written language, a sign consists of a concept and a printed word. Saussure divides sign into 3 kinds, those are sign, signifier, and

signified.

 Signifier and Signified

Sign is a basic language which is arranged from two things cannot be separated, sound-image as a signifier and concept as a signified. Signifier is sensory material aspect and it

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is realized in sound-image which relates with a concept or signified. While signified is material aspect from sign that can

be called as concept.

This signified is a mental representation form sign and it

is not something referred by sign. So, signified is not the object but it is mental representation of object. Saussure states signified mental nature as a concept.

For example: 1. Textual Sign

Letters ‘c-a-r’ Signifier

Category ‘car’ Signified Written text ‘car’

Sign

2. Visual Sign

Sign : Car’s picture

Signifier : Car’s shape

Signified : Car’s category

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Roland Barthes is Saussure’s successor in developing

semiotics theory. Saussure interests on the sentence formation

complex way and choose the meaning, but less interested in the fact that the same sentence can have the different meaning on different person’s interpretation.

There are various levels of signs in semiotics, which allows producing stratified meanings. Barthes (in Piliang, 2004: 94)

explains there are two levels in signs, those are denotation and connotation.

a) Denotation

Denotation is sign level which explains the relationship between signifier and signified that has explicit meaning.

Denotation is the most conventional sign in a society because its relationship is on the reality or having meaning based on the

dictionary.

b) Connotation

Connotation is sign level which explains the

relationship between signifier and signified that does not have explicit meaning. Its meaning is not available on the dictionary

list or having literary meaning.

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We see that there is a yellow flag is set in the corner of the

street.

 Denotation

A yellow flag set in the corner of the street.  Connotation

It means that someone is passed away around that area.

B. Review of Previous Studies

Before submitting this thesis, there are some writers talk about semiotics, they are:

1. Indriani Triandjojo (2008) SEMIOTIKA IKLAN MOBIL DI MEDIA CETAK INDONESIA. Universitas Diponegoro: Semarang

The purpose of this research is to analyze the signs, figurative

language or rhetoric, and power relation which is constructed in print media advertisement. Visual and verbal signs are the intensive things to be

used in advertisement so the writer analyzes the advertisements in Suara Merdeka’s daily to explain that we can use Semiotics approach to analyze

signs usage, figurative language or rhetoric, and power relation, so that we

can analyze and get its meaning.

Semiotics is used by the writer to analyze 59 car advertisements to

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The problems which are stated in this research are: (1) How is the description signifier and signified. And is there any relation between

signifier and signified; the relation between form or expression the advertisement and contained meaning in car advertisement posted in print

media. (2) How is denotation and connotation in car advertisement? (3) What are the contents of icon, index, and symbol in car advertisement which is presented by the manufacturer? (4) Where is the manufacturer

promoting the product to the consumer? (5) Which rhetoric is used in car advertisement in print media?

In this research, the writer uses descriptive qualitative method because this research is meant to give depiction about signs, power relation and rhetoric language which is contained in Indonesian car

advertisement in print media. In conducting this research, the writer does collecting, sorting, and categorizing the data. Then, the data is analyzed by

using Semiotics theory. Finally, the writer presents the result.

The result of this research shows many kinds of signs, figurative language, and power relation in car advertisement. This research shows

kinds of signs which cover signifier-signified, denotation-connotation, and icon, index and symbol. Besides showing the signs, this research also

shows 88 figurative languages; those are 20 rhymes, 5 alliterations, 12 anaphors, 1 epistrophe, 1 anadiposis, 2 parisons, 3 antithesis, 18 hyperboles, 7 rhetoric questions, 5 metonymies, 7 metaphors, 3

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consist of 28 reward powers, 7 expert powers, 10 legitimate powers, 10

referent powers, and 29 coercive powers.

2. Siti Sopianah (2010). ANALISIS SEMIOTIK TERHADAP IKLAN SUSU BENDARA EDISI RAMADHAN 1430 H DI TELEVISI. Universitas Islam

Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah: Jakarta

This research starts from the writer’s interest about advertisement

which is aired on television especially Susu Bendera advertisement

Ramadan edition. The creativity of advertising media in conveying the message and product is a packet which has purpose to celebrate Ramadan

month and marketing their product.

The problems which are stated in this research are: (1) What is denotative-connotative meaning and myth in Susu Bendera advertising Ramadan edition on television seen by Roland Barthes’ perspective? (2)

What is the message contained in Susu Bendera advertising Ramadan 1430

H on television?

This research uses qualitative approach. This research uses semiotics theory to analyze Susu Bendera advertising on television.

Semiotics analysis is a way or method to analyze and give meanings on the signs which is contained on one packet of message symbols or text. Data

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From the problems which is stated above, this research gets the result that Susu Bendera advertising Ramadan themed saling menguatkan

saat puasa which is meant by the writer that drinking a glass of Susu Bendera milk can make Indonesian family fasting strongly as like imaged

by the model in this advertisement. This research also answers about myth that is crying, taking the air, and breaking wind in the water actually do not

cancel the fasting.

3. Rosa Redia Pusanti. 2015. REPRESENTASI KRITIK DALAM ‘MEME’

POLITIK (Studi Semiotika ‘Meme’ Politik dalam Masa Pemilu 2014 pada

Jejaring Sosial ‘Path’ sebagai Media Kritik di Era Siber). Universitas

Sebelas Maret: Surakarta

This research analyzed meme in social media during the general

election in 2014. This research focused on semiotics in political internet meme to criticize the ruling party, politician, political campaigns, and

other political events through a humorous message, meme.

The research approach in this research was using qualitative method. The research used qualitative approach having the purpose to

explain the phenomena deeply through collecting the data as deep as possible.

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campaign, mass media, and candidate president-vice president as the object of the research. This research uses semiotics Charles Sanders Peirce’s model analysis. Peirce has three levels analysis, those are textual

analysis, textual interpretation, and intertextual. This research also

observes political meme which spreads in social media Path.

This research had conclusion that icons and symbols in political meme has the potential to accurately deliver the messages through visual

form. This research saw that meme had become an important vehicle in expressing political view and could be understood that nowadays had

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

In this part, the writer introduces the research method. It describes Research Approach, Data, Data Sources, Instruments, Data Collection, Data Analysis, and

Research Time Frame.

A. Research Design

In this research, the writer uses descriptive-qualitative method. This

research has purpose to give explanation that there is sign consist of signifier and signified, denotation and connotation in meme Troll Football. Descriptive method is the method which is used to find the elements,

criterions, and the characteristics of phenomenon (Suryana, 2010: 16). This method is started from collecting, analyzing, and interpreting the data. The

implementation of descriptive method is done by: survey technique, case study, comparative study, time and motion study, behavior analysis, and

documentary analysis.

Research approach of this research is qualitative research. Bogdan and Taylor (in Moleong, 2007: 4) defines that qualitative method as the procedure

of the research which produces descriptive data in the form of written texts or people spoken and the behavior which can be analyzed for. A research about meme Troll Football which do not use quantity statistics is a qualitative

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explain the data using words or sentence which is separated into some

categorizes to get the conclusion.

B. Technique of Data Collection

1. Instrument

Instrument of the research is the tool which is used to collect the data of the research. The instrument of this research is the writer. Johnson and Christensen (2004: 33) state that in qualitative research, the writer is

the instrument of data collection. It means that the writer is involved collecting, analyzing, and describing the data.

2. Data

This research is documentation analysis which consists of the text. Therefore, the present research, the data is all of the utterances (words,

phrase, sentence, or expression) which contain of Semiotics. It is taken from primary data source.

3. Data Source

The data source is divided into two categories; primary data and

secondary data.

a. Primary Data

According to Sugiyono (2012: 225), the primary data is data

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interview result which is done by the writer. Besides that, the writer does a field observation and collects the data in a form of note about

situation and case around the object of the research.

The primary data is all content of meme Troll Football which

consists of written text and visual effect.

b. Secondary Data

Secondary data is the data source which does not give

information directly to the writer. Secondary data source can be further processing results from primary data which is presented in other form

(Sugiyono, 2012:225).This data is used to support the information of primary data which is got by doing interview or direct field observation. The secondary data can be books, other research, journals and some

references that can support analyzing process.

4. Data Collection

There are a lot of ways to collect the data; those are using test, doing interview, doing observation, doing a graduated scale and taking documentation (Arikunto in Triandjojo, 2008: 59). In this research, the

writer uses data which is taken from Troll Football post. Therefore, the chosen method is documentation method. Documentation method is a

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Data collection in this research uses taking note and doing observation technique. Taking note is done by noting words, sentence, and

images which shows on meme Troll Football post on August 2015 to July 2016 that have sign and denotative-connotative meaning.

To collect the data from the data sources, the writer has the steps as follows.

a. The writer accesses on Troll Football’s website on TrollFootball.me to

choose meme to be analyzed.

b. After accessing the website, the writer clicks the word image so that the

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c. After clicking the word image and the website link change, the writer

clicks the word latest until the link changes to be trollfootball.me/image/latest. The writers choose it to find the newest meme which is posted on the website.

d. The writer chooses meme Troll Football posted on August 2015 to July 2016. In that season, the writer chooses the data base on social, religion,

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Football website by doing the screen capture and backup the meme Troll Football into print out media.

C. Data Analysis

After collecting the data, all data collected are examined by the writer.

Data analysis uses descriptive-qualitative describing all data collected during analysis process. Miles and Huberman in Sugiyono (2012: 246) gives explanation that in analyzing qualitative data the writer can be through some

steps; data reduction, display data, and verification.

1. Data Reduction

Reducing means summarizing, the writer chooses the key point then finding its theme and pattern (Sugiyono, 2012: 247). In this step, the writer sorting which information is relevant and which information is not

relevant with the research. The writer identifies the written text in meme Troll Football post as the data which indicates in the research problems.

After collecting data is done by the writer, the writer reduces some data from 8.950 post to some categories to make easy in analyzing process. The writer divides into seven categories; those are social, religion,

information technology, entertainment, politic, and economy. After dividing categories, the writer creates table to be fulfilled according to its

category.

Category Meme

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Religion

Information technology Entertainment

Politic Economy

2. Display Data

After doing data reduction, the next step is display data. Data which is presented in table and some explanations. This data is arranged to

give verification and taking action. As for the commonly form used in previous qualitative data is in the form of narrative text.

 Denotative meaning

A picture which consists of United Kingdom’s flag which is

put Arsene Wenger’s photo in the center and it is supported by the

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 Connotative meaning

The written text in meme above is talking about naming in one

sport. The key words of the written text are soccer and Football. Both words actually refer to the same sport, but it has a different style–

American and British style. In British uses football, so that’s why in the background of the meme use UK’s flag and America uses soccer

because in America, they have their own sports namely Football

America which is totally different with football in British or Europe.

Arsene Wenger’s photo in the center of meme means insulting

expression. Arsene Wenger is Arsenal coach which often brings Arsenal finished in 4th position in table classmen. Arsenal finish in 4th position seven times since 1993 and six times was brought by Arsene Wenger. So that’s why Arsenal often associated with number 4.

This post is talking about meme Troll Football fans page on

Facebook has got four million likes.

3. Verification

The final step of data processing is verification. After presenting

data which becomes object of the research, verification is done to look back the data reduction or display data so the conclusion which is taken is

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CHAPTER IV

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

In this chapter, the writer deals with of the semiotics in meme Troll

Football. By concerning to it, the writer is able to answer the research problems which stated in chapter one of this study. This study focuses on signifier, signified and denotative & connotative meaning in meme Troll Football meme post in its

website. All of them are discussed as the following bellow.

A. Findings

During doing this research, the writer found 8.950 posts which were posted in Troll Football website (trollfootball.me) posted on August 2015 to June 2016. The writer found that the content those post consist of: (a)

signifier and signified, (b) denotative and connotative meaning

DATUM 1

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and there is a logo on the picture

They are the Leicester fans

Through the help of signifier and signified theory from Ferdinand de

Saussure, the writer could conclude that the meaning of verbal and non verbal sign in meme Troll Football above was given with text which was consist of

signifier and signified until eventually form a meaning to be shared to other people about the cost that spent by the winner of Premier League in the last

six seasons, started from the winner in 2010/2011 to 2015/2016.

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 Denotation

This picture gave explanation about the winner clubs in Premier

League spent their money. It started from season 2010-2016. The 2010/11 season which was won by MANCHESTER UTD. Manchester United

spent £141M in a season for eleven men which play in the Premier League competition. The following season was followed by MANCHESTER CITY [£144M] in season 2011/12, MANCHESTER UTD [£167M] in

season 2012/13, MANCHESTER CITY [£190M] in season 2013/14, CHELSEA [£175M] in season 2014/15, and LEICESTER [£24M] in

season 2015/16.

 Connotation

Other explanation in this picture was about critizing some winner

clubs. In this picture, the domminant clubs which became the winner in every seasons were the clubs which were spending money over £100M,

except Liecester. It showed that trophy could not be bought by much money, because Leicester could be the winner of the season in Premier League only spent £24M or 87% cheaper than Manchaster City cost in

season 2013/14.

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Taken from: trollfootball.com

Signifier and Signified

Signifier Signified

PSG

CHELSEA Football club names

Batman and Robin on the picture Two of the greatest super heros in the movie

Logo on their costumes Chelsea and Paris-Saint-Germain logo

Some things which have green and

yellow colored on the picture Those are paper and coin money

Meme above looked like two super heroes character with a logo on the costume of each super heroes. They were throwing the paper and coin money

everywhere. This picture showed as the focus of interest. Through the help of signifier and signified theory from Ferdinand de Saussure, the writer could

conclude that the meaning of verbal and non verbal sign in meme Troll Football above was given with text which was consist of signifier and signified until eventually form a external reality. This meme could be

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show what other people watched and felt when the football match between

PSG Vs Chelsea taking.

Denotation and Connotation

 Denotation

This data was the combination of the cartoon figure and the written text. This picture showed here were two super heroes cartoon throwing the paper and coin money. Both characters were Batman and Robin that had

logo in their super hero costume.

 Connotation

This meme had connotative meaning. This meme created after UEFA Champions League game PSG versus Chelsea. Both clubs were the clubs which had advantage in financial sector. All players of both clubs

had expensive salary. But the result of that match was not as expected as the football fans want. The result of that game was draw. It looked like

both clubs wasting their own money in that football match.

DATUM 3

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SIMEONE

MOURINHO The two great football coach names

DEFENSIVE AND VIOLENT Strategy in football game A GENIUS

A CUNT The appellation of the coach

Meme in datum 3 had a focus of interest, it was a man who dressed like a cowln with a scary face. This man was Joker. He was one of the

characters in Batman movie. He described as the bad character. Through the help of signifier and signified theory from Ferdinand de Saussure, the writer could conclude that the meaning of verbal and non verbal sign in meme Troll

Football above was given with text which was consist of signifier and signified until eventually form a meaning. This meme was talking about the

bad character ascribed to someone.

 Denotation

A picture which had Joker image as the background and had some sentences on the top and bottom of the picture. The texts were SIMEONE

PLAYS DEFENSIVE AND VIOLENT FOOTBALL AND EVERYONE CALLS HIM A GENIUS and MOURINHO USED TO DO THE SAME

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philosophy in giving strategy for their club, defensive strategy, but

Mourinho got the unpleasant acceptance for the other fans.

 Connotation

This meme told the comparation of two football coaches, Jose

Mourinho and Diego Simeone, which had the same strategy in coaching their each clubs but most people dislike about Mourinho’s strategy. It was

imaged as Joker on the picture. Joker was an antagonist character in the

Batman movie and he was being hated by everyone. Same as Jose Mourinho, he was hated by everyone because his defensive strategy which

was applied in his team and everyone mocked him as a cunt.

DATUM 4

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SCORES Putting the ball into the goal net

THE EURO

A football tournament which is held in Europe followed by some Europe countries as the participant

EUROPE One of the continents in the world

DIES Someone who is no longer alive

Someone who wears red shirt with

national team in Euro 2016. Through the help of signifier and signified theory from Ferdinand de Saussure, the writer could conclude that the meaning of verbal and non verbal sign in meme Troll Football above was given with text

which was consist of signifier and signified until eventually form a meaning. This meme focused on Aaron Ramsey’s playing during Euro cup.

 Denotation

This meme consists of visual image and written text. The visual

image is Aaron Ramsey doing a celebration as the background and the written text is SCORES AT THE EURO, EUROPE DIES.

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This meme posted on June 25th 2016 or some days after the Brexit referendum declared by the British. Brexit stand for British exit which was

talked about British leaving as the European Union.

This meme had content of Aaron Ramsey as the background which

was supported by some texts on the top and bottom of the picture. The written text was SCORES AT THE EURO, EURO PE DIES. It had the hidden contained meaning which had correlation between Euro cup and

Brexit referendum.

In the picture, Aaron Ramsey looked like doing a goal celebration

for the Welsh national team at te Euro cup. Most people believed that after Aaron Ramsey scored a goal during the match, there would be someone passed away. It was happened at the Euro cup after he scored a goal,

although it was not about human. No longer after creating goal, on June 21st 2016, the Brexit referendum declared. The European Union worried it

influenced on destabilize economy in Europe.

DATUM 5

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EUROPE One of the continents in the world

JANUARY One of twelve months in a year

VOTING Decision-making by majority vote

A smiling old man having style like a

boss Arsene Wenger, the Arsenal coach

This meme had two focus of interest. The first focus of interest was about Arsene Wenger. He was Arsenal’s coach and he was one of the longest coach coaching a club in Premier League. The second focus of interest was

about the written text. It was talking about voting in Eorope. Through the help of signifier and signified theory from Ferdinand de Saussure, the writer could conclude that the meaning of verbal and non verbal sign in meme Troll

Football above was given with text which was consist of signifier and signified until eventually form a meaning. This meme was talking about

Arsene Wenger and voting in Europe.

 Denotation

The smiling old man wore a complete formal clotes with the suit and tie. A smiling old man in the picture was Arsene Wenger. He was and

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 Connotation

This meme had similar case with analyzing DATA 4. It was still

about Brexit referendum. This meme posted in trollfootball.me on June 26th 2016 after Brexit referendum declared.

This meme told to every one that Arsene Wenger was leaving Europe every January as the written text described. This meme had the implicit meaning based on the written text. In football rule, January was

one of the months that the coach could get the player in a transfer process, it was called transfer window. Transfer window usually opened on January and closed on February. A coach usually could get the players that he

wanted by offering a contract.

In this case, Arsene Wenger did not do transfer on January. It was a

different decision with other coaches that got many players in Europe play in the club. Arsene Wenger just optimalized the squad which was available

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DATUM 6

A BEAUTIFUL GIRL An attractive girl

RAMADAN

One of twelve islamic months in a year which the moslem must do a fasting

Two people wear white and blue navy shirt

Diego Godin and Lionel Messi, two football players playing for their own country

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signifier and signified until eventually form a meaning. The focus of interest in this meme was on the picture. There were two men on the picture. They did

the same gestures at the same time.

 Denotation

There were bowing two men. They were Lionel Messi and Diego Godin played for their own country, Argentina and Uruguay. Both players

did a similar gesture in the same time on the football field during the football match. This meme had the written text WHEN THE BEAUTIFUL

GIRL PASSES BY, BUT THEN YOU REMEMBER IT’S RAMADAN.

 Connotation

In the electronic media, this picture talked about the similar gesture

which was done by Lionel Messi and Diego Godin during the match. But in meme Troll Football, it was changed after being added by the text. The text was WHEN THE BEAUTIFUL GIRL PASSES BY, BUT THEN YOU

REMEMBER IT’S RAMADAN.

As we knew, Ramadan was the month which the Moslems must do

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consume anything from rising the dawn to downing the sun. The Moslems

also should keep their desire during doing the fasting.

As this meme told, during the Ramadan month, the Moslems should keep their eyes. Seeing the beautiful girl with the desire during

Ramadan month could alleviate our reward.

DATUM 7

JINGLE BELLS One of Christians songs

UNITED

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things around it

This meme had six pictures which were marged into a picture. Every pictures was restricted by a column and it had a logo in every column. Through the help of signifier and signified theory from Ferdinand de

signifier and signified until eventually form a meaning. This meme focused on the clubs logos which were added by a written text in the botom of the logo.

 Denotation

A picture which had six tables, each table consist of different picture on it. The first table, on the top-left corner, was a picture having Christmas-theme and having the written text JINGLE BELLS, UNITE

FAILS, CHELSEA RUNS AWAY, CITY LOSE, LIVERPOOL ARE SH*T, and LEICESTER ALL THE WAY! The last five phrases was put under

every clubs logo.  Connotation

This meme was posting to celebrate Christmas on December 2015.

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as Manchester United, Manchester city, Chelsea, and Liverpool could not

get maximum poin in a game in the same periode.

This meme had purpose to satirize some big clubs that could not cut Leicester poin on the top of table. The written text on the picture could be sang by using Jingle Bells’ tone.

DATUM 8

Focus of interest of this meme was the signifier of a man which brought a shirt which had a text APOYO. This man was Luis Suarez, a football player played for FC Barcelona in Spain. Through the help of

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Football above was given with text which was consist of signifier and signified until eventually form a meaning. This meme talked about Luis

Suarez dedicated his goal to someone.

Luis Suarez It was name of footballer

Rare disease Fewer number of disease sufferers

Dedicate Giving special gift to someone

 Denotation

This meme had two pictures. The upper picture was a man who

brought a white T-shirt which had text YO APOYO LA PKU. The upper picture had sentence LUIS SUAREZ PROMISED A YOUNG KID WITH RARE DISEASE THAT HE WILL SCORE GOAL IN NEXT GAME AND

WILL DEDICATE TO HER.

The lower picture was a same man but different place and dress

code brought yellow T-shirt. On the yellow T-shirt appeared the world APOYO and the lower picture had sentence SCORED 4 GOALS AND

DEDIACTED A GOAL TO HER.

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It was Luis Suarez meeting with someone who diagnosed getting rare disease. The meeting had dealt that Luis Suarez promised if he scored

a goal, it would be dedicated to her. It meant that football player also cared to someone who got disaster. In the second picture or lower picture, it

showed Luis Suarez celebration after scoring goals and he dedicated to someone who diagnosed getting raree disease. Only showing some words

it could mean a lot.

DATUM 9

The center of attention of this meme were on two people, a man and a woman, on the picture. Those two people were the well-known singer sang in

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theory from Ferdinand de Saussure, the writer could conclude that the meaning of verbal and non verbal sign in meme Troll Football above was

given with text which was consist of signifier and signified until eventually form a meaning. Tthis meme lalked about the two best songs ever created as

the official World Cup anthem.

Songs Variety of sound rhythmic

World Cup Football championship among

countries around the world

There were two wordsmon the wall WAVIN’ FLAG

It was one of the official anthems in World Cup 2010 South Africa which was sponsored by one of the big soft drink factory, Coca-Cola There was a beautiful woman which

had blond hair

This sentence explained that these two songs had special memory for the music lovers

 Denotation

There were two pictures combining into a picture. In the top picture, there was a man playing guitar in front of the wall, which the wall had the text WAVIN’ FLAG and a beautiful woman in the second picture.

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 Connotation

This meme was talkng about the official theme song of World Cup

2010 in Africa. These official theme songs were very booming. The upper picture was showing Wavin’ Flag song which was sponsored by one of the

big softdrink factory, Coca-cola, and the lower picture was Waka-waka song which was sung by Shakira. This happening only happaned in World Cup 2010 which had created the two official songs to be known by most

people.

DATUM 10

Taken from:trollfootball.me

WORLD Earth and everything contained on it

90 Set of two numbers which explained

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MINUTES Measurement unit of time

EL CLASICO A football match calling between Real Madrid and Barcelona

The focus of interest on this meme was about some people watched on the big screen. Through the help of signifier and signified theory from

Ferdinand de Saussure, the writer could conclude that the meaning of verbal and non verbal sign in meme Troll Football above was given with text which

was consist of signifier and signified until eventually form a meaning. This meme was talking about what happened when El Clasico held.

 Denotation

This mame showed there were some people who watched on a

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match was one of the most interesting football match to be watched in the

world. All over the world surely watched this game without any exception.

This meme described that all people who had different profesion watched this match, started from a kid, old man, chef, police, post office,

bum, bride, even a thief. They watched the game and left their duty when the game was started.

DATUM 11

NO GOAL The ball does not pass the goal line

WAT 1 – 2 TOT

WAT stands for Watford and TOT stands for Totenham. The number 1 – 2 means the score in a game EXTRA TIME Additional time in a football match

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theory from Ferdinand de Saussure, the writer could conclude that the meaning of verbal and non verbal sign in meme Troll Football above was

given with text which was consist of signifier and signified until eventually form a meaning. This meme was talking about goal line technology in

football match.

 Denotation

This meme consist of the visual and verbal text. The visual was the ball and white line. This picture was the visualisation from television

when the football match started. This meme described the goal-line technology. It was the technology whcich could help the referee to make

decision it was goal or not.

 Connotation

This meme did not have the connotative meaning, because the

content of this meme was about sharing the goal line technology.

DATUM 12

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ABERDEEN A football club name in Netherland

NORMAN GOLDIE One of Aberdeen supporters’ name

HOME GAME A game which was held in the home

ground

SANDALS A couple of footwear made of

rubber

TRIBUTE Giving respect for someone

SEAT A chair to be sat on it

The photo shooting angle of this meme was a normal angle or eye level which was taken in front of the object. The object were an old mand and

a chair. Through the help of signifier and signified theory from Ferdinand de Saussure, the writer could conclude that the meaning of verbal and non verbal

sign in meme Troll Football above was given with text which was consist of signifier and signified until eventually form a meaning. This meme was

talking about a football supporter who passed away.

 Denotation

This meme had two pictures. The upper picture was an old man wearing football supporter accessories which were dominated by red

colour and the lower picture was a chair which colored into a half red and other half white. This meme had some texts, like ABREDEEN SUPPORTER NORMAN GOLDIE WALKED MILES TO EVERY HOME

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SHOCK. HE PASSED AWAY LAST WEEK AT THE AGE OF 87. ABREDEEN PAID TRIBUTE TO HIM BY REPLACING HIS SEAT WITH

ONE WHICH IS ONE HALF RED AND ONE HALF WHITE.

 Connotation

This meme gave the salutation to the Aberdeen supporter. It was kind of respect given by th club. Aberdeen was the club in Netherland. It had a fantastic supporter. His name is Norman Goldie. He was not only

fantastic supporter, but also fanatic supporter. It seemed when he supported Aberdeen, he wore sandals which the half is red and other is

white. It was the aberdeen greatness colour. When he passed away, the club gave special seat for him.

DATUM 13

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costume having logo on the left part of the chest

Real Madrid squat

This meme had focus of interest on eleven men on the picture and the

rocket. The eleven men were the football player. Through the help of signifier and signified theory from Ferdinand de Saussure, the writer could conclude that the meaning of verbal and non verbal sign in meme Troll Football above

was given with text which was consist of signifier and signified until eventually form a meaning. This meme was talking about the financial

comparation between India and Real Madrid.

 Denotation

This meme had two pictures totally different from one another. The upper picture was a rocked and the lower picture was the eleven men

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MILLION AND REACHED MARS on the upper picture and SPEND 300+ MILLION AND CANT REACH TOP OF TABLE on the lower picture.

 Connotation

This meme actually critized Real Madrid. Real Madrid spent

more than 300 million but they could not reached on the top of standing table. it was different wit India. India could go to Mars only 75 million or

India could reach Mars four times using Real Madrid money.

DATUM 14

5 7 5 9

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Goals Getting the ball through the goal

line on the football field

Games Football matches

Minutes The unit of measurement of time

A logo on the picture It is Liverpool FC logo

Someone who wears red shirt

He is Robert Lewandowski. A Bayern Munchen and Poland national player

This meme had focus of interest on the Liverpool logo and a man who

wore red shirt. The man was Robert Lewandowski. Through the help of signifier and signified theory from Ferdinand de Saussure, the writer could

conclude that the meaning of verbal and non verbal sign in meme Troll Football above was given with text which was consist of signifier and signified until eventually form a meaning. This meme had compared between

Liverpool and Robert Lewandowski goals.

 Denotation

This meme was a bombination between two pictures. The upper

picture was a red background with a logo on it, and the lower picture was a man wearing red T-shirt. The upper picture consist of text 5 goals in 7 games and the lower picture 5 goals in 9 minutes.

 Connotation

This meme was criticizing a club, namely Liverpool. Liverpool

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match. In seven matches or games, Liverpool scored five goals. But Robert Lewandowski could score five goals in just nine minutes. Here the

critic that eleven Liverpool players beaten by a Robert Lewandowski.

DATUM 15

Sweden Denmark Tnzania Rusia Andorra

Name of countries

BHU – THAN CYP – RUS POL – AND

Abbreviation of some countries

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Ferdinand de Saussure, the writer could conclude that the meaning of verbal and non verbal sign in meme Troll Football above was given with text which

was consist of signifier and signified until eventually form a meaning. This meme focused on decoding words in Linguistics.

 Denotation

This meme has two flags. They were looking like similar flag but

different colour.

 Connotation

This meme talked about decoding of words. two names of country

to be decoded into a name of country.

B. Discussion

In this study, the writer examines that among 8.950 posts in meme Troll Football website, analyzed only 15 posts. The writer categorizes meme

Troll Football post into six kinds based on its theme; those are social, religion, technology, entertainment, politic, and economy. Those categories

base on the reality in football which is not only just talking about sport.

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Ferdinand de Saussure theory as the grand theory and Roland Barthes theory

as the supporting theory.

This study had similarities and differences with Indriani Triandjojo’s study in 2008. The similarities was the theory, that was applied, was same,

Semiotics. But in this study, the writer just focused on Semiotics of Signification which was brought by Ferdinand de Saussure.

Indriani Triandjojo’s study used the Semiotics of Signification and

Semiotics of Communication. Semiotics of Communication was brought by Charels Sanders Peirce. Besides using Semiotics of Communication theory,

Indriani also applied other Communication Sciences theory.

This study was analyzing meme Troll Football. The word troll had close meaning with criticize. Most of Troll Football posts are about criticizes

someone who had basically in football, but not all post is about criticized. In Troll Football also posted something which had positive activity , such as

donate some of the wealth to the needy.

In the Islamic teachings, Moslem had way to criticize someone. For

example, the writer took QS. Thaha 44:

Meaning: And speak to him with gentle speech that perhaps he may be

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(And speak to the two of you with the gentle words) to resuscitate him in order not claim to be god (hopefully he remembers) i.e. conscious and

willing to accept it (or afraid of) Allah, then he would be aware. Expression ‘hopefully’ had relation with Musa and Harun. Meanwhile according to the