4th International Conference on Biosciences and Biotechnology “Advancing life sciences for health (anti aging development in particular) and food security”
TABLE OF CONTENT Biru: fullpaper sudah masuk layout
Hijau: hanya abstrak, sudah masuk layout
ORAL PRESENTATION: FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Code Name Title
O-1-01 TRIARTI SARASWATI
Human Factors Consideration in Food Industry to Minimize Health Problems as Impact of Human-machine Interaction
O-1-02 (permintaan ybs)
NI WAYAN ARYA UTAMI
Feeding Yacon Tuber-containing Oligofructose Increases Intestinal Fermentation and Alters Microbial Community Structure in Rats
O-1-03 NANI PASARIBU THE STUDY OF STABILITY OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN BUTTERFLY PEA (CLITOREA TERNATEA) EXTRACT SYRUP O-1-05 IDA BAGUS PUTU
GUNADNYA
Effect of Initial Concentration of CO2 and Storage Temperature on the Characteristic of Packed Broccoli
O-1-06 NI PUTU EKA LELIQIA
CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROORGANISMS IN BLACK TEA BROTH (KOMBUCHA) IN BALI
ORAL PRESENTATION: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
Code Name Title
O-2-01 Iryanti Eka Suprihatin Reducing water hardness using extract of ketapang (tropical betel nut) leaves
O-2-03 KHALIDA KHAN Socio-ecological Landscape Change as a Preamble to Urban Watershed Rejuvenation, Kanshi of the Jhelum River Basin, Potohar Plateau, Pakistan
ORAL PRESENTATION: HEALTH
Code Name Title
O-3-01 NANI RAHAYU MOHD RADZUAN
Fertility Enhancing Effects of Gynura procumbens Methanolic Extract on Diabetic Induced Male Rats
O-3-02 (permintaan ybs)
ISSABELLINA D. TAMPUBOLON,
Detection of Jembrana Disease Virus Amplicon by Lateral Flow (Immuno) Assay
O-3-03 SYAHIDA AHMAD Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects of Cardamonin, a Chalcone Derivative Isolated from Alpinia rafflesiana
O-3-04 I WAYAN DWISADA
PURNAMAYADI
In Vivo Antimalarial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Spondias pinnata (L.f) Kurz. Leaves
O-3-05 AFIONO AGUNG PRASETYO
Occult Hepatitis B Detected in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients in Moewardi General Hospital Surakarta
O-3-06 RASMAYA NIRURI A Pilot Project in Monitoring Serum Concentration Following Administration Amikacin Once Daily Dosing in Electrical Burn Patients at Sutomo Hospital
O-3-07 NARENDRA YOGA HENDARTA
Study Protocol: Development Multiplex Dipstick for Early Detection Human Immunodeficiency Virus -1 and Hepatitis B Virus Based on Combination of Multiplex Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification and Lateral Flow Dipstick
O-3-08 IRDHAWATI Voltammetric Behavior of the Transfer of Methyl Ephedrine Ion across the Water|Nitrobenzene Interface
O-3-09 NI PUTU ARIANTARI
Phytochemical Analysis and In Vitro Antimalarial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Spondias pinnata (L.f) Kurz. Leaves
O-3-10 confirmd
RINI NOVIYANI Study on Prescribing and Antibiotic Dosage Accuracy in Ear, Nose and Throat Cases Prescriptions (Case Studies in Seven Pharmacies in Denpasar City Period January – June 2010)
O-3-11 Permintaan ybs
I MADE JAWI AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF BALINESE PURPLE SWEET POTATO
(Ipomoea batatas L.) PREVENTS OXIDATIVE STRESS AND DECREASES BLOOD INTERLEUKIN-1 IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC RABBITS
ZUHROTUN NISA O-3-13 TENRI ASHARI
WANAHARI
A Comparative Study on Jembrana Disease Virus Detection Methods
O-3-14 KETUT SRI MARHAENI JULYASIH
Extract Ethanol Seaweeds Lowering Level of Serum HMG-CoA Reductase Enzyme of Wistar Rats Hypercholesterolemia
O-3-15 Confirmd
I N. Sujaya BIFIDOGENIC NATURE OF INDIGENOUS BALINESE ROOT CROPS
ORAL PRESENTATION: AGRICULTURE
Code Name Title
O-4-01 BAMBANGRAHAYU TRISNO
PUJIASTOMO
The Use of Chitino-Proteolytic Actinomycetes As Biological Control Agens For Root-Knot Nematodes Meloidogyne sp.
O-4-04 RINDANG DWIYANI Micropropagation of Vanda tricolor Lindl. var. suavis forma Bali Carrying KNOTTED1- LIKE Arabidopsis thaliana (KNAT1) Gene
O-4-06 MADE
PHARMAWATI
Ethyl Methanesulfonate Delayed Germination and Altered Seedling Morphology of Capsicum annuum L.
O-4-08 Confirmd
Yan Ramona IN VITRO ANTAGONISM OF BACTERIAL BIOCONTROL AGENTS ON SEVERAL FUNGAL PLANT PATHOGENS O-4-09 BUDI PRAKOSO The Effect of Seed Treatment with Liquid Product of Shrimp Waste Fermentation on Chili
O-4-10 MARLINA Detection of toxR, tdh and trh Genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Obtained from White Shrimp (Penaeus indicus) Samples in Jambi, Indonesian Coastal Area
No Name Title
P-1-01 NI W. WISANIYASA THE INFLUENCE OF SOLVENT TYPES AND pH ON THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ANTHOCYANIN OF FLESH RED DRAGON FRUIT (Hylocereus costaricensis) EXTRACT
P-1-02 DIAH PUSPAWATI The Change of Antioxidant Activity of Tamarillo Fruit (Chyphomandra betacea S) after Processing Into Sauce P-1-03
confirmd
Ida Ayu Rina Pratiwi Pudja
CHANGES OF TEXTURE AND RESPIRATION RATE OF SALAK FRUIT IN MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE USING POLYETHYLINE PLASTIC PACKAGING AT VARIOUS PERFORATION
P-1-04 (confirm ed ybs)
SRI MULYANI The Effect of Ratio Tamarind Pulp and Tamarind Leaves (Tamarindus indica L) and Cooking Time on The Antioxidant Activities
P-1-05 TIMUR INA Effect of CMC Concentration on Characteristic of Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.Merr) Juice P-1-06
confirmd
I KETUT SUTER1 Study on Storage Method of Instant Ledok
P-1-07 NI M. YUSA The Influence of Solvent Type and Ratio of Material With Solvent on Antioxidant Activity of Pulp Tamarillo Ekstract (Chyphomandra betacea Sendth).
P-1-8 BAMBANG ADMADI HARSOJUWONO
Determination of Potato Sweet Varietes As Diet Food Of Diabetes Mellitus Patients
P-1-9 confirmd
YAYA RUKAYADI* Antibacterial Activity of Fermented Pangium edule Reinw. Seeds Extract against Foodborne Pathogens
P-1-10 confirmd
YAYA RUKAYADI1 Shelf-Life Stability of Milk Chocolate Containing Inulin
P-1-11 NI NYOMAN PUSPAWATI
Survival of freeze-dried Lactobacillus rhamnosus R21 in the presence skim milk as protectant during storage
P-1-12 GUSTI AYU EKAWATI1 Extraction of Natural Colorant From Red Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata l. f. rubra (l.) thell) By Using Tartaric Acid
P-1-13 AGUNG ANAK MADE DEWI ANGGRENI
The Usage Of Beans Flour As Protein Source In Wet Noodle Processing
P-1-14 WIDNYANA YOGA Identification of Gel Forming Component (GFC) of Kacapiring Leaf ( Gardenia jasminoides Ellis)
P-1-15 Putu Ari Sandhi Wipradnyadewi
THE APPLICATION OF Rhizopus oligosporus MK 1 TO REDUCE AFB1 CONTAMINATION IN TEMPEH FERMENTATION
P-1-16 NI KADEK WARDITIANI
TG Belawa Yadnya The Usage of Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) In Ration Fermented by Aspergillus niger For Improving Feed Conversion and Blood Lipid Profile of Bali Duck
Wayan Rai Widarta Extraction of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of The Local White, Red, and Black Rice Bran Extracts by Various Solvents
Siti Helmiyati Study Protocol: Effect of Iron Fortification of Fermented Milk with Local Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Dad 13 and Prebiotic Fructo Oligosaccharide on the Iron Content and Total Lactic Acid Bacteria During Storage
POSTER PRESENTATION: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
Code Name Title
P-2-01 NI LUH SURIANI HEAVY METAL BIOREMEDIATION LEAD (Pb) TO AGRICULTURAL LAND ON THE EDGE OF LAKE BUYAN BALI WITH PLANT Sansevieria lorentii
P-2-02 Confirm d
ENIEK KRISWIYANTI, Alleles Variation of Coconut Accessions (Cocos nucifera L., Arecaceae) Based on Microsatellite DNA.
P-2-03 confirmd
I KETUT JUNITHA Genetic Diversity of Soroh Celagi (Pasek Catur Sanak Clan) Based on Y-Chromosomal Microsatelites DNA ,
P-2-04 confirmd
SUMIYATI Study of Socio-engineering the Subak System Development with Agroecotourism Oriented
P-2-05 I WAYAN SUSILA The Identification and Investigation of Parasitization Rate of Parasitoids of Hairy Caterpillar Lymantria marginata Wlk. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in Buleleng Bali
P-2-06 confirmd
IDA BAGUS WAYAN GUNAM
Biocatalytic desulfurization of dibenzothiophene by Pseudomonas sp. strain KWN5
P-2-07 confirmd
IDA AYU ASTARINI Induce Poliploidy of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. using Oryzalin Treatment
P-2-08 Ni Made Indri Hapsari Composting Acceleration of Kitchen Waste Using Microbial Inoculant
Code Name TITLE
P-3-01 Darukutni Use of Glucose Determination for Candida albicans β Glucans Examination P-3-02
confirmd
DEWA NYOMAN OKA THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MODULE-JIGSAW COOPERATIVE LEARNING STRATEGY, IMPROVING THE PREVENTIVE BEHAVIOR TOWARD DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER
P-3-3 confirmd
NI GUSTI AYU MANIK
ERMAYANTI
The Effect of Amargo Wood (Quassia amara Linn.) Infuse on the Mice (Mus musculus L.) Testical Weight and Its Recovery
P-3-4 confirmd
I GUSTI AYU SRI MAHENDRA DEWI
Classic Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Simulating Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
P-3-5 confirmd
YULIA SARI Molecular Analysis of HBV Precore/Core Region of Hepatitis B Virus Isolated from Men Who Have Sex With Men in Surakarta
P-3-6 confirmd
RUBEN DHARMAWAN Fungal Infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients in Moewardi General Hospital Surakarta
P-3-7 confirmd
SUYATMI Apoptin Expression Plasmid For Expression of Apoptin in Mammalian Cells
P-3-8 confirmd
MARWOTO Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients’ Blood in Moewardi General Hospital Surakarta
P-3-9 confirmd
LELI SAPTAWATI Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex (MTC) and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients’ Blood in Moewardi General Hospital Surakarta
P-3-10 confirmd
HUDIYONO Molecular Analysis of HBV Pre-S/S Region of Hepatitis B Virus Isolated from Men Who Have Sex With Men in Surakarta
P-3-11 NI PUTU
ARYADNYANI
Extending Time of Kombucha Tea Fermentation Improves The Growth of Impediment Capasity of Bacteria Escherichia Coli ; The Producer of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBL) by In Vitro Method
P-3-12 NI PUTU SRIWIDYANI ROLE OF P53 IN CELLULAR AGING
P-3-13 confirmd
MADE AGUS HENDRAYANA
Identification of Vibrio cholera’s ctxA Gene by PCR Methode from Sea Water Around Bali Island
P-3-14 I MADE SUKADANA Antibacterial Terpenoid Compounds from Rhizome of Curcuma zedoaria (Berg). Roscoe
P-3-15 NiMade Rai Suarni CIGARETE SMOKE EXPOSURE DECREASE SPERM QUALITY OF MALE MICE (MUS MUSCULUS L.)
P-3-16 confirmd
ANAK AGUNG AYU MIRAH ADI
P-3-17 (confirm )
I NYOMAN SUARSANA Antioxidant Enzyme Activities In Various Tissue On Rat Under Hyperglycemia Condition
P-3-18 confirmd
I G K NYOMAN ARIJANA
Epigenetic Approach as Potential Anti-Aging Therapy of Andropause in the Future
P-3-19 confirmd
I WAYAN SUMARDIKA Antioxidative And Nephroprotective Activity Of Balinese Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) In Diabetic Rats
P-3-20 KOMANG ARDI WAHYUNINGSIH
TREATMENT OF TOPICAL ASTAXANTHIN GIVE A PROTECTIVE EFFECT ON COLLAGEN IN PREMATURE SKIN AGING INDUCED BY UV B IRRADIATION IN MICE (Mus musculus)
P-3-21 confirmd
IBN Putra Dwija Human Papilloma Virus Genotyping from Archive of Paraffin Block of Patient with CIN Diagnose
P-3-22 confirmd
K.A. Nocianitri1 Development of specific PCR-RAPD Method for detection of Lactobacillus sp F2
Confirm d
Ni Made Linawati The Role of Interleukin 22 in Lung Tuberculosis and Its Molecular Aspects
Confirm ed
IGA Dewi Ratnayanti THE ROLE OF p16INK4a IN CELLULAR SENESCENCE
Confirm d
IA Wahyuniari THE EXTRACTS OF CACAO BEANS (Theobroma cacao L.) INCREASE BLOOD SOD CONCENTRATION IN OXIDATIVE STRESS WHITE RAT (Rattus norvegicus)
Paramasari Dirgahayu
Coinfection of Toxoplasma gondii among HIV/HCV infected and uninfected people in Correctional
facility Indonesia
P-3-xx Agung Wiwiek Indrayani
The Study of Bcl-2 Expression of Red Fruit Oil Ethanol Extract on Breast Cancer Cell Line T47D
Confirmd
Ni Made Adi Tarini DUPLEX PCR IS RAPID METHOD FOR DETECTION Legionella pneumophila and Legionella sp ON ENVIRONMENTAL WATER IN
Sri Budiarti Isolation and Characterization lytic Phage of Salmonella sp. FR38.
Made Sudarjana ADMINISTRATION OF ORAL ALPHA-LIPOIC ACID INHIBITS THE REDUCTION OF SKIN DERMAL COLLAGEN
EXPRESSION INDUCED BY UVB IRRADIATION IN BALB/C MICE P-3-31
confirmd
I Nyoman Wande
Role Of TLR2 On Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection
P-3-xx confirmd
POSTER PRESENTATION: AGRICULTURE
Code Name TITLE
P-4-1 confirmd
I WAYAN ARNATA Production of Crude Enzyme Cellulases from Cassava Waste by Trichoderma viride
P-4-2 confirmd
NI MADE WARTINI THE INFLUENCE OF CURING TIME AND EXTRACTION TIMES ON THE YIELD AND CHARACTERISTICS ESSENTIAL OIL OF SANDALWOOD FRANGIPANI FLOWERS (Plumeria alba).
P-4-3 FACHIRAH ULFA Potential Of Plant Extracts As Growth Regulators: The Influence of Plant Extract to Growth of Cutting of Potato Seeding.
P-4-4 TUTIK KUSWINANTI, Detection of Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV), Potato Virus Y (PVY) and Potato Virus X (PVX) on Five Potato Varieties by Using of DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR Methods
P-4-5 confirmd
MADE RIA DEFIANI Media Composition Improved The Growth of New Leaves in Anthurium Plants
P-4-6 Confirm d
I G. L. O. CAKRA Urea-Lime Mixture as a Rumen Slow-Release Urea on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Protein Synthesis
P-4-7 Confirm d
IDA AYU RINA PRATIWI PUDJA
Technique " Pulsing" With Addition Of Sucrose And Antimicrobial To Change Of Texture and Freshness of Roses During Storage
P-4-8 YU JIN JUNG , KYUNG HEE HAN, HEE WAN KANG, ILL SUP NOU, KWON KYOO KANG
Soil Improvement Effects of Four Green Manure Crops in Greenhouse Cultivation
P-4-9 JONG IN PARK, HEE JEONG JUNG, HEE WAN KANG, KWON KYOO KANG, ILL SUP NOU
Effect of Green Manure Crop Extracts on Potato Common Scab (Streptomyces scabiei)
P-4-10 confirmd
G. A. M. KRISTINA DEWI
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT ENERGY - PROTEIN RATION FOR CARCASS OF KAMPUNG CHICKENS
P-4-11 I DEWA MADE PUTRA WIRATAMA1
P-4-12 GUSTI NGURAH GEDE DHARMA PUTRA1
Monitoring of Imago of Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera Using Sex Pheromone Trap
P-4-13 I MADE SUKEWIJAYA The Misting Period Application on Postharvest Quality of Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) in Low Land Cultivation
P-4-14 Made Sritamin
Confirmation (Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneration) CVPD Infection Toward Orange Plants Varieties with PCR Technique and Total Protein Profile
P-4-15 confirmd
NI MADE INDRI HAPSARI
ARIHANTANA1
Composting Acceleration of Kitchen WasteUsing Microbial Inoculant
P-4-16 confirmd
Ketut Ayu Yuliadhi The Parasitism Level of Parasitoid Larvae Diadegma semiclausum Hellen (Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae) on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in Candikuning Village, Tabanan Regency, Bali, Indonesia
P-4-17 HILDA KARIM SCREENING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROBIAL ANTAGONISTS FROM RHIZOSPHERE OF PASSION FRUITS (PASSIFLORA SPP) AS BIOCONTROL AGENTS OF FUSARIUM WILT
P-4-18 Ni Luh Yulianti DESIGN OF THE FLUIDIZED BED DRYER FOR CHILI SEED
P-4-19 Confirm ed
SUTARPA , I N.S1 The Effect of Waste From Purple Sweet Potato Syrup Production on the Performance, Lipid Blood Content, and Total Bacteria of the Digestive Tract of Kampong Chickens
P-4-xx IGA Arta Putra The Evaluation of Offering Cortisone Hormone and Ration Supplemented by Papaya (Carica papaya) Leaf Meal to the Performance of Duck on Growth Phase
P-4-25 confirmd
I. G. N. G. BIDURA THE IMPLEMENTATION OF Saccharomyces Spp.N-2 CULTURE (ISOLATION FROM TRADITIONAL YEAST CULTURE) FOR DECREASING ABDOMINAL FAT AND SERUM CHOLESTEROL CONTENTS OF BALI DUCKLING
P-4-26 confirmd
I GEDE RAI MAYA TEMAJA
First Report on Occurrence of Grapevine Leaf Roll-associated Virus Type 3 on Grapevine in Indonesia
P-4-27 Kumala Dewi The effect of Glucose and Light Quality on Vitamine E and
Chlorophyll content of Green Bean Sprout (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilcz.)
O-4-02 BAHARUDDIN Efectiveness of Clostridium Isolates on Aeroponically Cultivated Potato to Protect Against Ralstonia solanacearum (Bacterial Wilt) and PCR Detection on
P-3-Ni Made Linawati.
The Role of Interleukin 22 in Lung Tuberculosis and Its Molecular Aspects
NI MADE LINAWATI1, DEWA MADE SUKRAMA1, MADE MERTANIASIH2,
MANTIK ASTAWA3
1
Medical Faculty of Udayana University, Bali. 2
Medical Faculty of Airlangga University, Surabaya. 3
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Udayana University, Bali. Correspondence author: [email protected]
Abstract
Introduction : Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major health problem with 10 million new cases are diagnosed each year. Immunopathogenesis pulmonary tuberculosis is involving the role of the innate immune responce as a defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
Material and methods: The methods in this paper is review article, about the recent research in interleukin 22, the molecular aspect and its related with tuberculosis.
Result and Discussion :Natural killer (NK) cells has an important role in controlling tuberculosis through secretion of interleukin 22 or IL-22 which stimulates phagolysosome fusion of macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In human, gene encoding IL-22 located on chromosome 12q15, 5257 bp gene in length, 5 exons and 4 introns, the location of the start codon in the sequence of bases no. 54 and a stop codon at base sequences no.4703. IL-22 is produced by activated NK cells and Th17. Formation of this cytokine resembles production of proteins that generally pass through the process of transcription, translation, post translational modifications and secreted by regulated exocytosis with paracrine characteristic.
Conclusion : Interleukin 22 was produced by NK cells stimulate phagolysosome fusion in macrophages infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and gene encoded IL-22 located on chromosome 12q15.
Key words : Interleukin 22, Lung tuberculosis
INTRODUCTION
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Walzer et al., 2007; Guo et al., 2010; Connelley et al., 2011). This review was aimed to describe the role of Interleukin 22 in lung tuberculosis and Its molecular aspect.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The methods in this paper is review article, from textbook and journals about the recent research in interleukin 22, the molecular aspect and its related with tuberculosis.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection were spread perinhalation, in the balance of the immune system can manifest into three main conditions: first; Healthy, second;
Suffering pulmonary tuberculosis, and third; Containment of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis which is seem healthy. The condition in which immune system eliminated Mycobacterium it will be a state one, but if it can not be eliminated Mycobacterium can be state 2 and 3 (Kaufmann et al., 2001). Mycobacterium tuberculosis first to be recognized by macrophages through its various receptors such as TLR, mannose receptor, complement receptors and scavenger receptor (Doherty, 2004). After the
phagocytosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis by macrophages, furthermore
Mycobacterium already present in the phagosome of macrophages to kill with mechanisme such as phagosome fusion with lysosomes that would lysis Mycobacterium by enzymes in the lysosomes, Reactive Oxygen Intermediate (ROI) and Reactive Nitrogen Intermediate (RNI) in which nearly the whole of the process will occur in an optimal state of macrophage activation. Optimal macrophage activation will cause lysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis but if it is not in an optimal activation, Mycobacterium tuberculosis can survive because they have cell walls containing lipoarabinomannan can prevent fusion lysosomes with the phagosome, inhibit phagocytosis, formation of ROI / RNI or the occurrence of respiratory (oxidative ) burst or evade phagosome trap so its remains free in the cytoplasm and avoid further killings and its occur mainly in non-activated macrophages (Schorey et al., 2002; Flynn, 2004). For the optimal activation of macrophages requires a good signal released by immune cells in the natural immune system such as NK cells and immune cells of the adaptive immune cells such as T Helper. Macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis will secrete 12, IL-15, IL-18 and other cytokines that can activate NK cells to produce IFN- and IL-22, while approximately 3-4 weeks occur Th1 cell activation to produce IFN- and Th17 cells to produce IL-22 (Cooper et al., 2009; Yao S et al., 2010). IL-22 is secreted by NK cells binds to IL-22R1 found on the surface of macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis then activate the signaling pathway JAK / STAT and MAP kinase. IL-22 receptor complex activates the JAK kinase causes phosphorylation of IL-22R1, JAK1, TYK2 and STAT3. Phosphorylation of STAT3 translocation to the nucleus and activates transcription of genes causing cellular response of IL-22 as an increase in delivery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to lysosomes through increased fusion fogolisosom. The secretion of IL-22 in addition to increasing phagolisosom fusion causes lysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages (Lejeune et al., 2002; Dhiman, 2009). Genes encoding IL-22 with gene ID: 50616, located on chromosome 12q15 (NC_000012.11) consisting of 5257 bp of DNA, has 5 exons and 4 introns, location of the start codon in the sequence of bases no. 54 and a stop codon in the
sequence of bases no.4703 (Anonim 3, 2011).
amino acids of 22 functions as a signal sequence for 22 translation. mRNA of IL-22 (NM ¬ _020525.4) consisted of 1147 bp mRNA, which is divided into five exons. IL-22 mRNA encoded a protein cytokine IL-22 (NP_065386.1) comprising 179 amino acids. Natural variation present in mRNA levels occurred in aa no 158 where S G (dbSNP: rs2227507), in addition to as many as 17 mutations such as SNPs reported to have occurred at the mRNA level of IL-22 and are associated with various infections and inflammatory diseases (Anonim 3, 2011).
CONCLUSION
Genes encoding IL-22 is located on chromosome 12q15 DNA consists of 5257 bp, 1147 bp mRNA to be translated into IL-22 which is contain of 179 amino acid in length Polymorphisms of the gene encoding IL-22 was associated with several diseases including tuberculosis susceptibility. IL-22 in tuberculosis has a role in natural and adaptive immune responses. Association of IL-22 to its receptor on the surface of infected macrophages can lead to increased fusion fagolisosom resulting lysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author thanks to Prof Dr drh IGN Mahardika, PhD as Supervisor in Biology Molecular topic and also to Dr dr IWP Sutirtayasa, M.Si as the Head of Biomedical Doctoral Programme in Udayana University.
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