VARIETIES OF ENGLISH CONSONANTS PRONUNCIATION AMONG
ENGLISH UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
An Undergraduate Thesis
Submitted as a partial of the requirements for Sarjana Sastra Degree
Beni Rizki Setiawan 1209010009
FACULTY OF LETTERS
APPROVAL SHEET
This is to certify that this graduating paper entitled “VARIETIES OF ENGLISH
CONSONANTS PRONUNCIATION AMONG ENGLISH UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS”
by Beni Rizki Setiawan has been approved by the advisor(s) and the Head of English Department to be examined by the Board of Examiners.
Head of English Department
Khristianto, S.S., M.Hum. NIK. 2160369
Purwokerto, July 30th 2016 Advisor
VALIDATION SHEET
VARIETIES OF ENGLISH CONSONANTS PRONUNCIATION AMONG ENGLISH UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS requirements for Sarjana Sastra degree on July 30th, 2016
THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS
Legalized by the Dean of Faculty of Letters
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY
Name : Beni Rizki Setiawan Student Number : 1209010009
I, the undersigned researcher of the undergraduate thesis entitled “VARIETIES OF
ENGLISH CONSONANTS PRONUNCIATION AMONG ENGLISH UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS”, hereby attest and affirm that the material and findings in this thesis are
my original works and have not been previously submitted and published for a degree in any universities, and to be the best of my knowledge, any referenced-quotations are shown in the arrangement of citations and bibliography. If later it can be revealed that this undergraduate thesis contains partly or wholly plagiarized pieces of other intellectual words of any kinds, the researcher will be ready to accept the sanction.
Purwokerto, July 30th 2016
MOTTO
If you find that somebody is not grateful for all that you have done , then do
not get disappointed because often you will find that someone else feels under your obligation though you have done nothing and thus your good deeds will be compensated, and Alloh will reward you for your goodness (Ali bin Abi Thalib)
Your remedy is within you, but you do not sense it. Your sickness is from you,
but you do not perceive it. You presume you are small entity, but within you enfolded the entire universe. You are indeed evident book, by whose alphabet the hidden becomes the manifest. Therefore, you have no need to look beyond yourself, what you seek is within you, if only you reflect (Ali bin Abi Thalib)
Do the best, give the best, be the best, and keep being the best.
Intelligence is not a determinant of success, but hard work is a real
DEDICATION
This undergraduate thesis is dedicated for:
My parents, who always support and motivate me when I am weak and need
suggestion. I know that I will not be able to pay your uncounted kindness. Hopefully, this undergraduate thesis can be a worthy gift for you. Thanks for being my great motivators and inspirators.
My siblings, who have given endless love and always support me. They are Citra Sulistianing Tias, Hanun Muthi’ah Syaharani, and Ibrahim Ibnu Firdaus.
Shofi Nidaul Jannah, who always encourages me when I don’t believe in
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, Praise be to Alloh the Almighty God and the Most Merciful. No activities can be achieved without His Permission. Therefore, I would to dedicate my deepest thank to Alloh SWT “Alhamdulillahirobbil ‘alaamiin” who has given me the
most priceless of guidance and blessing, especially in term of accomplishing this undergraduate thesis as a partial of fulfillment of the requirement for Sarjana Sastra
degree at English Department, Faculty of Letters, University of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto.
This research has been conducted in such full of struggle, uncounted helps and supports that have been sincerely given by some people in accomplishing this undergraduatre thesis. Herewith, I would like to deeply thank to:
Dean of Faculty of Letters and my advisor, Ambar Pujiyatno, S.S., M.Hum,
who has spent much time, energy, thought, care, and patience in guiding and advising me. Hopefully, this undergraduate thesis can be worthy gift for him. Head of English Department, Khristianto, S.S., M.Hum, who never feels tired
to monitor and to give suggestion from the beginning of the process of this undergraduate thesis.
All lecturers, who have given me much knowledge and experiences. Also,
My ustadz, who always reminds me whenever I do mistakes. Also, he always
supports me in finishing this undergraduate thesis.
My Thai buddy, Chotigon Siriporntuntigul, who has given much knowledge
and information dealing with Thai language.
This undergraduate thesis would not be done without the respondents of the
research. Thank a bunch for the respondents who have big contribution in finishing this undergraduate thesis.
My students and colleagues in Bravo Marine College, who have shared great
experiences about life, and always support me whenever I am lazy to do this undergraduate thesis.
All my beloved friends, who have inspired and shared many experiences to
me. Thank a bunch for being my inspiring friends.
Last but not least, I hope that this undergraduate thesis can give some contributions for English Department, Faculty of Letters, University of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto.
Purwokerto, July 2016
VARIETIES OF ENGLISH CONSONANTS PRONUNCIATION AMONG ENGLISH multilingual country which has 749 dialects thoroughly. Dialect influences the way people speak foreign language in term of pronunciation, grammar and accent. In this research, the objects are Javanese, Sundanese, Isaan, Pattani-Malay. Non-native English speakers (NNES) may find difficulties in learning or mastering English, in this case, in term of pronouncing English consonant phonemes. This research aimed to elaborate the varieties of English consonant phonemes produced by NNES, to describe the English consonant phonemes influenced by pronunciation difficulties, and to elaborate the reason of NNES in making such English consonant varieties.
The method of this research is mixed method research. It means, the researcher employed qualitative and quantitative method to collect, to analyze, and to draw the conclusion of the data analysis. The technique of collecting data was recording and interviewing. The respondents were 3rd and 4th year English undergraduate students. In addition, the researcher employed Contrastive Analysis theory pioneered by Charles C. Fries (1945) to analyze the data.
As the result, the researcher found varieties of English consonants pronunciation uttered by four dialects in term of substitution initial consonants, substitution in final consonants, substitution in middle consonants, addition in initial consonants, addition in final consonants, and omission in final consonants. In conclusion, Isaan student had difficulties in pronouncing allophones /z/, /θ/, /ð/, /ʃ/, /v/, /tʃ/, /b/, /dʒ/, /d/, /l/, /t/, /s/, /k/, /b/. Pattani-Malay student had difficulties in pronouncing allophones /z/, /θ/, /ð/, /ʃ/, /v/, /tʃ/, /b/, /dʒ/, /k/, /s/. Meanwhile, Javanese student had difficulties in pronouncing /θ/, /ð/, /ʃ/, /v/, /tʃ/, /z/, /dʒ/, /k/, /w/, /g/. Sundanese student had difficulties in pronouncing allophones /ð/, /v/, /tʃ/, /θ/, /p/, /ʃ/, /f/, /s/. Furthermore, Isaan student had the highest varieties in pronouncing English consonants. Otherwise, Sundanese student had the lowest varieties.
VARIETIES OF ENGLISH CONSONANTS PRONUNCIATION AMONG ENGLISH UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
BENI RIZKI SETIAWAN 1209010009
INTISARI
Penelitian ini melibatkan bahasa Thailand dan Indonesia. Indonesia dikenal sebagai negara multi-bahasa yang memiliki 749 dialek tersebar di seluruh pelosok negeri. Dialek dapat mempengaruhi cara seseorang berbicara bahasa asing dalam hal pengucapan, tata bahasa, dan logat. Objek penelitian ini terdiri dari dialek Jawa, Sunda, Isaan, dan Pattani-Melayu. Penutur non-Inggris dapat menemukan kesulitan dalam mempelajari dan menguasai bahasa Inggris, terutama dalam hal pengucapan huruf konsonan bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan variasi pengucapan huruf konsonan bahasa Inggris, mendeskripsikan macam-macam fonem yang diucapkan oleh penutur non-Inggris atas pengaruh kesulitan pengucapan, dan menguraikan alasan variasi dalam mengucapkan huruf konsonan bahasa Inggris.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian campuran. Dalam hal ini, peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif untuk mengumpulkan, menganalisis, dan menarik kesimpulan dari data yang didapat. Kemudian, teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan rekaman dan wawancara. Selain itu responden penelitian merupakan mahasiswa jurusan bahasa Inggris tahun ke-3 dan ke-4. Peneliti juga menggunakan teori Contrastive Analysis yang dipelopori oleh Charles C. Fries (1945) untuk menganalisis data penelitian.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE ... i
APPROVAL SHEET ... ii
VALIDATION SHEET ... iii
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ... iv
MOTTO ... v
DEDICATION ... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... vii
ABSTRACT ... viii
INTISARI ... ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... x
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ... 1
A.1. Background of the Research ... 1
A.2. Problems of the Research ... 6
A.3. Objectives of the Research ... 6
A.4. Significance of the Research ... 7
A.5. Limitation of the Research ... 7
A.6. Organization of the Research ... 8
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ... 9
B.1. Theoretical Framework ... 9
B.1.2. Phoneme ... 11
B.1.3. Phonetics ... 20
B.1.4. Language Interference ... 25
B.1.5. Language Variation ... 28
B.1.6. Contrastive Analysis ... 32
B.2. Review of Related Reseacrh ... 34
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD ... 37
C.1. Type of the Research ... 37
C.2. Data and Source of the Data ... 39
C.3. Method of Collecting Data ... 39
C.4. Technique of Collecting Data ... 40
C.5. Method of Analyzing Data ... 41
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ... 42
D.1. Data Description ... 42
D.2. Data Analysis ... 44
D.3. Discussion... 132
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 150
E.1. Conclusion ... 150
E.2. Suggestion ... 152
