ICT GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT
Strategi Tata Kelola Teknologi Informasi
Prof.
Richardus Eko Indrajit
indrajit@post.harvard.edu
.
the
TREND
.
the
CHALLENGES
.
the
OPPORTUNITIES
.
the
EVOLUTION
“ The explosion of advanced
technologies now means that
suddenly knowledge pools and
resources have connected all over
the planet, levelling the playing
field as never before
, so that
each of us is poten�ally an
equal – and compe�tor – of
the other.”
Thomas Friedman
PEOPLE
=users
PROCESS
=applica�ons
TOOLS
=technology
.
new
WORLD
.
digital
ERA
The Generation Cohort: Veterans - Baby Boomers - Xers - Millenials
.
genera�on
DEVICES
Veterans
Baby
Boomers
Xers
Millenials
<1946
1946‐1964
1964‐1980
>1980
From
““
close
””
to
““
open
””
environment:
Society
Communica�on
Market
Mind
Behavior
Value
CONNECTING
or CONFLICTING
?
.
changing
ENVIRONMENT
VETERANS
< 1946
BABY BOOMERS
1946-1964
XERS
1965-1980
MILLENIALS
>1981
Dedicated to a job
Live to work
Work to live
Live in the moment
Respectful of
authority
Sense of optimism
Contract
Technology savvy
Duty before
pleasure
Champions of
causes
Pragmatic world
Consistent
expectations
Patience is a virtue
Go into debt
Self-reliant
Street smart
Honor and integrity
Team and process
oriented
Attached to the edge
Fun is a must
Reluctant to change
Personal
gratification
Authority is casual
Give respect if they
are respected
Patriotic
Nostalgic of youth
Versatility of skills
Diverse in nature
.
genera�on
EVOLUTION
VETERANS
< 1946
BABY BOOMERS
1946-1964
XERS
1965-1980
MILLENIALS
>1981
HOME
HOME
HOME
HOME
SCHOOL
SCHOOL
SCHOOL
PUBLIC
PUBLIC
INTERNET
.
living
DOMAIN
Digitius =
““
Jari Jemari
””
.
digitalisa�on
CONCEPT
.
technology
MANIPULATION
.
product
REPLICATION
.
process
DIGITALISATION
DISTRIBUTORS
SUPPLIERS
CUSTOMERS
PARTNERS Finance and
Management Manufacturing
and Production R&D and
Engineering
Procurement Distribution Supply Chain
Logistics
Marketing Advertising Sales Customer Care Inward Focused
Core Business Process and Applications Finance and
Management Manufacturing
and Production R&D and
Engineering
Procurement Distribution Supply Chain
Logistics
Marketing Advertising Sales Customer Care Inward Focused
Core Business Process and Applications
Internet/Intranet/Extranet
.
tech
INVASION
.
global
COMPETITION
.
value
MATRIX
.
applica�ons
SPECTRUM
E-Government
E-Learning
E-Business
E-Commerce
E-Procurement
.
compe��ve
CONCEPTS
Knowledge
Digitization
Virtualization
Molecularization
Integration/Internetworking
Disintermediation
1
Convergence
Innovation
Prosumption
Immediacy
Globalization
Discordance
7
.
economic
CHALLENGES
.
going
DIGITAL
.
gadget
EVERYWHERE
.
enabling
TECHNOLOGY
.
our
NEXTERS
.
learn
SMARTER
Browsing
Social-Networking
Chatting
Group-Ware
Mailing-list
Blogging
.
work
FASTER
CYBER CRIMINAL
PEOPLE
ISSUES,
NOT
TECHNOLOGY !!!
versus
MORE BENEFITS
.
technology
RISK
.
the
ISSUES
.
the
GOVERNANCE
.
the
MANAGEMENT
Harapan Pemangku Kepentingan
Mencapai
Efektivitas
Meningkatkan
Efisiensi
Menerapkan
Transparansi
Mempercepat
Proses
Memperbaiki
Kualitas
Mengurangi
Biaya
Memberdayakan
Manusia
Mempermudah
Aktivitas
Mengoptimalkan
Sumber Daya
Menciptakan
Inovasi
… dan lain sebagainya.
Mengintegrasikan
Organisasi
Memaksimalkan
Pelayanan
Memenuhi
Standar Aturan
Kenyataan di Lapangan
BBiiaayyaa T
Tiinnggggii
PPeerrkkeem
mbbaannggaann CCeeppaatt
KKeetteerrggaannttuunnggaann PPiihhaakk KKeettiiggaa
KKoom
mppeetteennssii SSDDM
M RReennddaahh
AArrssiitteekkttuurr KKoom
mpplleekkss
PPeerruubbaahhaann KKeebbuuttuuhhaann
KKaappaabbiilliittaass T
Teerrbbaattaass
IIm
mpplleem
meennttaassii T
Taam
mbbaall SSuullaam
m
PPrrooyyeekk T
Teerrllaam
mbbaatt
SSiisstteem
m KKaaddaalluuwwaarrssaa
T
Tiiddaakk SSeessuuaaii KKeebbuuttuuhhaann
T
Kecenderungan Peristiwa
Kenyataan
BIAYA + RESIKO
Harapan akan
MANFAAT
>
Tantangan Manajemen
M
MAANNFFAAAAT
T
Jawaban: ICT Governance !
Konsensus Tiga Konstituen IT
MANAGEMENT
Domain 3C
Perencanaan
Pengadaan
Penerapan
Pengawasan
terhadap sumber daya
TIK
, yaitu:
COLLECTIONS OF BEST PRACTICE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE FRAMEWORKS ™
COBIT
ITIL
TOGAF
CMMI
ZACHMAN
ISO-38500
PRINCE-2
ISO-27001
Val-IT
People CMM
DODAF
BABOK
BMIS
IT-Biz SM
ITABOK
IMBOK
KMBOK
DAMA-DMBOK
SWEBOK
PMI-ACP BOK
RISK IT
ITAF
IT BSC
eTOM
Halaman 1
ENTERPRISE(REQUIREMENTS( 1" Stakeholder(value(of(business(investments( 2" Por=olio(of(compe@@ve(products(and(services( 3" Managed(business(risk((safeguarding(of(assets)( 4" Compliance(with(external(laws(and(regula@ons( 5" Financial(transparency(
6" CustomerIoriented(service(culture( 7" Business(service(con@nuity(and(availability(
8" Agile(responses(to(a(changing(business(environment( 9" Informa@onIbased(strategic(decision(making( 10" Op@misa@on(of(service(delivery(costs( 11" Op@misa@on(of(business(process(func@onality( 12" Op@misa@on(of(business(process(costs( 13" Managed(business(change(programmes( 14" Opera@onal(and(staff(produc@vity( 15" Compliance(with(internal(policies( 16" Skilled(and(mo@vated(people(
17" Product(and(business(innova@on(culture(
ENTERPRISE(STRATEGIC(BUSINESS(PLAN(
determine
(
drive
(
enable(Halaman 2
INFORMATION(TECHNOLOGY(MISSIONS(
1" Alignment(of(IT(and(business(strategy(
2" IT(compliance(and(support(for(business(compliance(with(external(laws( and(regula@ons(
3" Commitment(of(execu@ve(management(for(making(ITIrelated(decisions( 4" Managed(ITIrelated(business(risk(
5" Realised(benefits(from(ITIenabled(investments(and(services(por=olio( 6" Transparency(of(IT(costs,(benefits(and(risk(
7" Delivery(of(IT(services(in(line(with(business(requirements(
8" Adequate(use(of(applica@ons,(informa@on(and(technology(solu@ons( 9" IT(agility(
10" Security(of(informa@on,(processing(infrastructure(and(applica@ons( 11" Op@misa@on(of(IT(assets,(resources(and(capabili@es(
12" Enablement(and(support(of(business(processes(by(integra@ng( applica@ons(and(technology(into(business(processes(
13" Delivery(of(programmes(delivering(benefits,(on(@me,(on(budget,(and( mee@ng(requirements(and(quality(standards(
14" Availability(of(reliable(and(useful(informa@on(for(decision(making( 15" IT(compliance(with(internal(policies(
16" Competent(and(mo@vated(business(and(IT(personnel( 17" Knowledge,(exper@se(and(ini@a@ves(for(business(innova@on(
ENTERPRISE(IT(ARCHITECTURE(
and"Applica;ons" Database"Systems"Informa;on"and"
Hardware,"Network" and"Technology"
Infrastructure"
Physical"Assets"and"
Firm"Facili;es" People,"Structure,"and"Culture"
Policy,"Procedures," Regula;on,"and"
Ethics"
should(
Halaman 3
INFORMATION(TECHNOLOGY(GOVERNANCE( 1" Ensure(Governance(Framework(Se]ng(and(Maintenance(
2" Ensure(Benefits(Delivery(
3" Ensure(Risk(Op@misa@on(
4" Ensure(Resource(Op@misa@on(
5" Ensure(Stakeholder(Transparency(
Halaman 4
ALIGN,(PLAN,(AND(ORGANISE(
1" Manage(the(IT(Management( Framework(
2" Manage(Strategy(
3" Manage(Enterprise(Architecture(
4" Manage(Innova@on(
5" Manage(Por=olio(
6" Manage(Budget(and(Costs(
7" Manage(Human(Resources(
8" Manage(Rela@onships(
9" Manage(Service(Agreements(
10" Manage(Suppliers(
11" Manage(Quality(
12" Manage(Risk(
13" Manage(Security(
BUILD,(ACQUIRE,(AND( IMPLEMENT(
1" Manage(Programmes(and( Projects(
2" Manage(Requirements( Defini@on(
3" Manage(Solu@ons(Iden@fica@on( and(Build(
4" Manage(Availability(and( Capacity(
5" Manage(Organisa@onal(Change( Enablement(
6" Manage(Changes(
7" Manage(Change(Acceptance( and(Transi@oning(
8" Manage(Knowledge(
9" Manage(Assets(
10" Manage(Configura@on(
DELIVER,(SERVICE,(AND(SUPPORT(
1" Manage(Opera@ons(
2" Manage(Service(Requests(and(Incidents(
3" Manage(Problems(
4" Manage(Con@nuity(
5" Manage(Security(Services(
6" Manage(Business(Process(Controls(
MONITOR,(EVALUATE,(AND(ASSESS(
1" Monitor,(Evaluate(and(Assess(Performance(and(Conformance(
2" Monitor,(Evaluate(and(Assess(the(System(of(Internal(Control(
