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KLASIFIKASI BATTRA
(Pasal 59 ayat 1 UU 36/2009)
Battra akupunktur, chiropraksi, battra bekam, Pnta-kecantikan Dikelompokkan berdasarkan metode
yang dominan digunakan
KETERAMPILAN
Battra reiki, qigong, kebatinan
Jamu, Obat Herbal Terstandar
dan Fitofarmaka
•
Berdasarkan cara pembuatan serta
jenis klaim penggunaan dan tingkat
pembuktian khasiat, Obat Bahan
Alam Indonesia dikelompokkan
menjadi:
–
Jamu
JAMU
•
Jamu
–
Aman sesuai dengan persyaratan yang
ditetapkan
–
Klaim khasiat dibuktikan berdasarkan
data empiris
–
Memenuhi persyaratan mutu yang
Obat Herbal Terstandar
•
Aman sesuai dengan persyaratan
yang ditetapkan
•
Klaim khasiat dibuktikan secara
ilmiah/pra klinik
•
Telah dilakukan standarisasi terhadap
Fitofarmaka
•
Aman sesuai dengan persyaratan
yang ditetapkan
•
Klaim khasiat harus dibuktikan
berdasarkan uji klinik
•
Telah dilakukan standarisasi terhadap
bahan baku yang digunakan dalam
produk jadi
•
Memenuhi persyaratan mutu yang
Defnitions
“Complementary and Alternative
Medicine is a Group of Diverse Medical
and Health Care Systems, Practices,
and Products That are Not Presently
Considered Part of Conventional
Medicine”
Defnitions
•
“Complementary Medicine is Used
Together With Conventional Medicine.”
•
“Alternative Medicine is Used in Place
of Conventional Medicine.”
Alternative Medical Systems
Ayurveda, Chinese, Native American, Aboriginal, African,
Middle Eastern, Tibetan, Central and South American cultures, Homeopathy, Naturopathy
Mind-Body
Interventions cognitive-behavioral approaches, meditation, hypnosis, dance,music, art therapy, prayer, mental healing, visual imagery
Biological Based Therapies
dietary supplements, herbs, orthomolecular (varying
concentrations of chemicals, such as, magnesium, melatonin, and mega-doses of vitamins), individual biological therapies (use of laetrile, shark cartilage, bee pollen).
Manipulative And
Body-Based Methods
chiropractic, osteopathic manipulation, massage, reflexology
Energy Therapies Biofield therapies: Qi gong, Reiki, therapeutic touch
Bioelectromagnetic-based therapies: pulsed fields, magnetic fields, or alternating current or direct current fields
5 Domains of CAM
Defnitions
• Ayurveda - India's traditional, natural system of
medicine that has been practiced for more than 5,000 years. Ayurveda provides an integrated approach to preventing and treating illness through lifestyle interventions and natural
therapies. Ayurvedic theory states that all disease begins with an imbalance or stress in the
Defnitions
• Homeopathy - a system of medical practices
based on the theory that any substance that can produce symptoms of disease or illness in a
healthy person can cure those symptoms in a sick person. For example, someone sufering from
insomnia may be given a homeopathic dose of
Defnitions
• Naturopathy – an alternative medical system.
Naturopathic medicine proposes that there is a healing power in the body that establishes,
maintains, and restores health. Practitioners work with the patient with a goal of supporting this
power through treatments such as nutrition and lifestyle counseling, dietary supplements,
medicinal plants, exercise, homeopathy, and treatments from traditional Chinese
Defnitions
• Qi gong - A component of traditional Chinese
medicine that combines movement, meditation, and regulation of breathing to enhance the fow of qi (an ancient term given to what is believed to be vital energy) in the body, improve blood
Defnitions
• Reiki - A Japanese word representing Universal
Life Energy. Reiki is based on the belief that when spiritual energy is channeled through a reiki
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Central Concept of
TCM
•
Organism as a whole
•
Relationships
– Between organs
– Between human and nature
» Diferent diseases occur during
diferent seasons
» Circadian rhythm – seasons and
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Central Concept of
TCM
–
Balance
• Yin Yang / Wu Xing (Five Phases)
• Homeostasis
–
Overall analysis to reach
diagnosis
–
Treatment principles
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Yin Yang
• Yi Jing – Book of Changes • Character meaning
–
Yin
– Radical is about mound or hill,
root describe the side facing away
from the sun and mist.
–
Yang
- Radical is about mound or hill,
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Yin Yang
Yin – cold, weak, restricted, dark,
visible, heavy, turbid, downward,
inward.
Yang
– hot, excited, moving,
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Yin Yang
•
Opposition and Interdependence
• Relative: Back / Chest
•
Concept of health – plant analogy
•
Rise and Decline
• Transformation - Extreme decrease in Yin
leads to a Yang condition and vice versa
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Wu Xing - Five Phases
(Elements)
•
Fire, Earth, Metal, Water, Wood.
•
Categorizing tool
–
Separate according to innate
qualities.
–
Related to Yin and Yang.
• More concrete categorization. • Synthesize and summary with
observation of nature.
•
Xing = Phases
23 FIRE
EARTH
METAL
WATER
WOOD
Wu Xing
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Five Phases and
Human Body
Viscera Bowels Sense
Organs Seasons Emotions
Wood Liver Gall Bladder Eyes Spring Anger
Fire Heart Small
Intestine Tongue Summer Joy
Earth Spleen Stomach Mouth Long
Summer Concern
Metal Lung Large
Intestine Nose Autumn Grief
Water Kidney Urinary
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Zang Fu
(Organ Systems)
To Summarize…
–
Categorizes and unifes diferent
parts of the body
•
Spans diferent systems in Western
anatomy
•
Need clarifcation during interpretation
& translation
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Qi
•
Qi
»
Energy
–
Different types with different
functions
– Derive from two major
sources:
• Food (Gu) and Fresh Air (Qing)
– Nutrient & oxygen metabolism
• Functions: Promote movements,
warmth, immunity, consolidation, control, metabolism, and transformation.
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Blood
Body Fluids
•
Blood – Xue
–
Formation from food essence, and
essence transformation through bone
marrow.
–
Main function: Nourish
•
Body Fluids – Jin Ye
–
Function also to nourish and moisten.
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Meridians
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What is Acupuncture?
• Many studies in animals and humans have demonstrated that acupuncture can cause multiple biological responses…
mediated mainly by sensory neurons to many structures within the central nervous system. This can lead to activation of
pathways afecting various physiological systems in the brain as well as in the periphery... Considerable evidence supports the claim that opioid peptides are released during acupuncture and that the analgesic efects of acupuncture are at least partially explained by their actions. That opioid antagonists such as naloxone reverse the analgesic efects of acupuncture further strengthens this hypothesis.
• Stimulation by acupuncture may also activate the
hypothalamus and the pituitary gland, resulting in a broad spectrum of systemic efects.
• Alteration in the secretion of neurotransmitters and
neurohormones and changes in the regulation of blood fow, both centrally and peripherally, have been documented.
• There is also evidence of alterations in immune functions produced by acupuncture. Which of these and other
physiological changes mediate clinical efects is at present unclear.
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What are Meridians?
• Despite considerable eforts to understand the anatomy and physiology of the "acupuncture points," the defnition and
characterization of these points remain controversial. Even more elusive is the scientifc basis of some of the key traditional Eastern medical concepts … and other related theories, which are difcult to reconcile with contemporary biomedical information but
continue to play an important role in the evaluation of patients and the formulation of treatment in acupuncture.
• The acupuncture points or biological active points (BAP), also known as low-resistance spots or good electro-permeable points, have relative lower electric resistance than the surrounding
tissues… This preliminary study presented here shows there exists a bilateral symmetry of the skin resistance of the corresponding BAPs from the left and the right hands of all chosen subjects over a range of measuring pressure. .
Acupuncture. NIH Consensus Statement Online 1997 Nov 3-5; month, day]; 15(5):1-34.
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Questions & Discussion
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