CHAPTER II
RELATED OF REVIEW LITERATURE
2.1 The Meaning of Tourism, Tourist, and Destination
The term “tourism” has recently known after eighteenth century. The
activity of travelling is called tour.
McIntosh (1995:10) said that “ tourism is a composite of activities, services, and
industries that delivers a travel experience : transportation, accommodation, eating and drinking establishment, shops, entertainment, activity, and other hospitality
service available for individual or group that are away from home”
The definition of Tourism from Undang-Undang No.10 Tahun 2009 is that all activities about tourism and be supported by all facilities and services which is provided by society, businessman, government, and local government.
Both of definition below, the writer can conclude that tourism is outdoor activity is done by a person or a group with the aim to enjoyed a recreation in a destination which is provided by society, businessman, government, and local government.
which has been established by International Civil Aviation Organizaion and Commission of the United Nation. They give a limited about three month until six
month for get travelled according by role of each country. A place which is visited by the tourists are called destination.
The requirement of destination should have the attraction in order to make the tourist or visitor attract to visit that destination. There are some categories of tourism. They are :
1.Ecotourism
Ecotourism is a destination which supplies about ecosystem. It usually engages natural and jungle. Sometime it also has special species which can be looked, for example like Bukit Lawang is famous about Lauser National Park and especially famous about Orang Utan.
2. Agro Tourism
Agro tourism is a destination utilizes agricultural as main aim visitor, for example at Berastagi is famous about fresh vegetable and fruit, especially Marquisa.
3. Cultural tourism
Tourism products are tangible and abstract in the united series of travelling which can be only felt by who was doing travelling by get some good experiences as finishing a traveling.
Generally, the tourists will enjoy their touring with new atmosphere, but sometime there are some of them will enjoy their touring with the same atmosphere like their country. For there, we should know the characteristic tourist toward their necessary so that they will get good experience for being touring or travelling. If we have known their necessary, we can prepare to provide their necessary and exactly the uniqueness a destination have to also available as an attraction its destination. If the potential its destination can provide their necessary, it will form an unforgettable memorable for the tourist is who travelling.
For this context, tourism product is important thing for development of destination
The qualities of tourism are : It can not be saved
Generally the product is easy to destroy and can not be sold back. It can not be moved
The tourists can not bring out its product so that they have to come the place provide it.
Generally the product is made and sold for the necessary some of variety tourists so that its price is also variety. The price is determined by some factor such look from season or status buyer.
The tourists can not taste the product before
The tourist should come where the product is made as they will not know how the condition of real product. They know the product by brochure or advertisement only.
Tourism product can be meant that all services is needed the tourists since they leave their home until they come back their home.
The statement of Burkat and Medik that “tourism products are a series of
integrated product which contains are destination, transportation, accommodation, and attraction where those products is prepared by each industry and be supplied separately for the consumer (tourist/visitor).”
Based on both, the meaning of tourism product, it can be concluded that there are three things to form a tourism product are :
Attraction by destination The facilities by destination
Accessibility by destination
Their thing can be an image for a destination. We will know what its destination listed based on necessary the tourists. They are :
Attraction and destination
Accommodation services
Souvenir services Corporate services
2.3 Tourism Industry
Undang-undang No. 67 Tahun 1996 explains that tourism industry is the activities get aiming to organize tourism services, provide tourism, destination and other industry related it
Detail from the meaning of its tourism industry are listed at provision be four kinds. They are :
1. Tourism service industry
Tourism service industry suffuses as planning providing service, tour operator, tourism organizer service. For example, travel bureau, tourist agency, tour guide service
2. Attraction and destination industry
This industry is utilization natural source and environmental governance have been determined as tourism resort for be formed as tourist target.
3. Accommodation
Based on listed below, this industry is called tourism component. Tourism component have to movement growth appropriate by technology movement and own the tourism.
2.4 Infrastructure
Infrastructure is one important thing in tourism. Actually, Infrastructure is tourist supply should be prepared or provided if we will develop tourism industry however tourism is also an activity from sectors of the economy.
The meaning of infrastructure is all facilities possibility make a way economic process as smooth as well so that can be easy to supply necessary of human.
Well, the function of infrastructure is to complete the accommodation of tourism so that it can give good service.
In Indonesia, there are seven elements to be requirements as a destination. They are :
1. Safety
Purpose : create the safety situation for tourist for being the activities of tourism in
a destination so that they don’t feel worry and can enjoy their tour.
The action :
No disturb the tourist
Help and protect the tourist
Help to give information for the tourist
2. Discipline
Purpose : create the discipline situation for being the activities of tourism which can give service effectively for the tourist
The action :
Keep queue culture
Keep the situation with follow the regulation
On time
Discipline, expedite and neat
3. Cleanliness
Purpose : keep the cleanliness for being the activities of tourism which able cleaning service for the tourist
The action :
Don’t littering anyway
Keep the cleanliness tool and destination together Prepare hygiene food and beverage equipment
The hygiene uniform for the employee of tourism
4. Coolness
Purpose : create an enjoy situation for being activities of tourism which able supply the enjoy destination and feel stand for tourist so that push them to spend so long.
The action :
Keep go green
Keep coolness at every place of destination
5. Beauty
Purpose : create good destination for being the activities of tourism which able supply attract atmosphere and keep memorable deeply for the tourist so that sustainable promotion activity for more and good visiting.
The action :
Keep nice and attraction by setting of harmony and natural Set of lodgment by neat, discipline, and keep local character
Keep ornamentals plants for aesthetic elements
6. The Hospitality
Purpose : create the friendly situation for being activities of tourism which able supply good relationship like own family for the tourist so that sustainable the tourist get good memorable and will visit back.
7. Ideals of the past
Purpose : create unforgettable memories for the tourist so that the tour which they can make them remember through and also can motivate to come back.
The action :
Show the uniqueness local culture
Prepare typical food and drink which has clean, healthy and attract
