BMD Mikro.pptx

(1)

MIKROBIOLOGI

Mek

anisme

Dasar

Penyakit

Bagian Mikrobiologi

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Hasanuddin

2014

(2)

(3)

K

E

L

A

S

I

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1

1 .

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1

1 MUHAMMAD FUDAIL

MUHAMMAD FUDAIL

_{09 136, 10 110, 13 001}

13 0!6

!

"RI #AH$U%I R&

_{10 13', 10 !63, 13 0!(}

13 0)3

3

3 *OR

*OR+I% KUR

+I% KUR%IA

%IA#

#A% 

A% &&

_{10 !!(, 10 !'0, 13 0)-}

13 0((

--

A& MUH& FADLILLAH F&

_{10 !99, 10 30', 13 0('}

13 10!

)

MAR$AM BURHA%UDDI%

_{10 31-, 10 33!, 13 103}

13 30)

6

6 MUIAH MUFIHAURRAHMA%

MUIAH MUFIHAURRAHMA%

_{10 3!-, 10 3!6, 13 30(}

13

13 33-(

(

MUH& RAHMA RIDHA

_{10 3!', 10 33!, 13 33)}

13 36(

'

#A% A"H.KAL %A/UA% BI% #A%

A/MI

10 33-, 13 36'13 )!(

9

9 HAFI/ HA/#A% MOHAMMAD %ORI/A%

HAFI/ HA/#A% MOHAMMAD %ORI/A%

_{10 339, 13 )!'13 ))-}

_{10 339, 13 )!'13}

))-10

(4)

(0-T

T

A

T

A-

TE

RTIB

RTIB LA

LABO

BORA

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TORI

RIUM

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MIKROBIOLOGI



Laki – laki :

Memakai eana 2anan4 kain, n5 255 sirt,

ram78t tiak 75e

kena k

era 7a8



Perem!a" :

Memakai r5k 2anan4 kain, n5 255 sirt,

ram78t iikat ke atas& Ba4i y4

7eri7a7, i7a7 imas8kkan

i aam as a7



Ala# $a"% &ar!' ia*a 'aa# rak#ik!m :

•

_{*as a7}

•

_{ID :ar}

•

_{Pen8nt8n 2raktik8m ; F5t5 -<6 7er=arna}

•

_Masker

•

_{Hans5en}

•

(5)

BAK.RI

Bakteri aaa ma8k i82,

7erse t8n44a kei en4an

imeter kirakira 1

µ

m, yan4

mas8k aam 455n4an 2r5tista

rena, Pr

5kari5tik, Inti

anya

7r2 m7aran kr5m5s5m tan2a

mem7ran inti

(6)

(7)

"RUKUR BAK.RI



Dinin4 "e



Mem7ran "e



"it52asma



%8e5si



Ka2s8



Fa4e



Pii>Fim7riae



"25ra

(8)

(9)

M5r?554i Bakteri

58s

7aii

i255i

stre2t55i

.<@

"tre2&2y54en

es

"rte2&irian

s

.<@

%eisseria

45n5rr5ea

Di2558s

2ne8m5nia

.<@

Pasm5i8m s22&

.<@

.ntam5e7

a

(10)

sarina

Lan8tan

sta2y55i

tettraen

557aii

.<@

"ta2& A8re8s

"ta2&.2iermi

is

.<@

• .&:5i

• Haem52i

8s

inC8enae

.<@

"arina

8ten

(11)

Lan8tan

Fiament58s

?5rm

i7ri5

F8si?5rm 7aii

s2ira

.<@

re25nema

Pai8m

Esi2iis

.<@

+i7ri5 :5era

(12)

(13)

(14)

+ia%",'i"% i" Mir,i,l,%$



_"2eimen

@

_{De2en 5n sym2t5ms an timin4}

• _{Urine, 755, 28s, s2ina C8i, s28t8m, 5r st55}



P.#AR%AA%



:8t8res EB55 A4ar,%8trient a4ar, BHIA,

Ma:5nkey, "" A4ar, :B"



Bi5emia ests E"I, "IM, +P, Mety Re,

:itrat, Urea, KH test



%8ei Ai Met5s EP:R, y7riiati5n,

75ts



Anti75y Meiate E.LI"A, sie>ate<

a448tinati5n, #ia reati5n, ta44e

C85resene, titer

(15)

P.#AR%AA%

BAK.RI

(16)

Pe=arnaan "eerana

Dikatakan sederhana karena hanya menggunakan 1 zat pewarna. Zat

warna basic yang paling sering digunakan untuk pewarnaan sederhana

adalah methylen blue,,crystal violet, dan carbol fuchsin.

88an@

• M5r?554i

• K55ni

Prinsi2@

Bakteriatar=arna sama

=arna 7akteri e7i 4ea2

F8sin>"a?ran

in

(17)

(18)

(19)

P.#AR%AA% %.GAIF



Praktis



tiak 2er8 ksasi en4an

2anas an tiak aa 2en4ar8 7aan

kimia



/at =arna aii 4n r5m54en

7erm8atan ne4ati?



tiak 7isa

2enetrasi ke aam se



Latar 7eakan4 7er=arna



88an @ m5r?554i an k55ni



/at =arna @

(20)

(21)

Pe=arnaan Dierensia



Pe=arnaan Gram



Pe=arnaan aan Asam



Pe=arnaan Ka2s8

(22)

PEWARAA !RAM

T!!a"

1. Meli&a# e"#!k (m,r/,l,%i )

ak#eri

0. Meli&a# reak'i'i/a# e*ar"aa"

Gram ari ak#eri.

Pe*ar"aa" Gram me"%%!"aka"

ema# rea%e"'ia:

1. Cr$'#al 2i,le#

: 3a# *ar"a

rimer

(23)

(24)

P.#AR%AA% GRAM



Gram P5siti?



Dinin4

2e2ti54ikannya te7a



Men4ikat

at #arna Pimer Ei2erk8at 5e

m5rant



tiak 8nt8r 5e

2e8nt8r



tiak ter2en4ar8 at

=arna k5ntras



Gram %e4ati?



iak 7isa

men4ikat k8at at =arna 2rimer



=arna 2rimer 8nt8r en4an

(25)

:5nt5 7akteri @

Gram

Gram-"tre2t558s

Py54enes

.&:5i

"ta2y558s

A8re8s

"am5nea s22&

(26)

(27)

Gram

(28)

P.#AR%AA% AHA% A"AM



Tuuan ! morfolgi, koloni, sifat tahan asam



" metode !

1. Ziehl # $eelsen

". %odifikasi &inoun 'metode Tanzil(



)akteri tahan asam!

• _{Mycobacterium tuberculosis}

• _{Mycobacterium leprae}



*ewarna!

• _{*rimer ! +arbol uchin}

• _{*eluntur ! -lkohol asam ' thanol /0 2 3+l 4(}

• _{&ontras ! %ethylen )lue}

(29)

BA P5siti?

(30)

P.#

AR%A

A% KAP"UL



Unt8k meiat ka2s8 ari 7akteri



(31)

B8rryGins



88an@

88an@

••

M5r?554i

••

K55ni

••

"i?at8nt8k meiat ka2s8

Bakteri

Bakteri 7erka2s

7erka2s8

8



7akteri

2at54en

2 reagensia:

Zat

warna

primer

:

Tinta

India

/

Negrosin

Zat warna kontras : Safranin / air fuchin

(32)

(33)

P.#AR%AA% "PORA



Unt8k meiat s25ra 7akteri



Pe=arna@

• _{Primer : Mala&i#e Gree"}



ema"a'a"

• _{3a# el!"#!r : Air}

• _{K,"#ra' : Sa/ra"i" a#a! lar!#a" /!'&i"}



:5nt5 7asi 7ers25ra@

• _{Baill!' ere!'}

(34)

(35)

*am8r



Denisi

Or4anisme e8kari5tik

mem28nyai mem7ran n8kear,

7er8k8ran 3J10 m

(36)

PERBEDAAN ANTARA JAMUR DAN BAKTERI

Sifat-sifat

Jamur

Bakteri

Nukleus

Eukariotik; mempunyai membran

nuklear; terdapat >1 khromosom; ada

mitosis

Prokariotick tak mempunyai

membran; nukleoid; hanya

mempunyai 1 “khromosom”

Sitoplasma

Mengandung mitkhondria; retikulum

endoplasmik; 80S ribosomes

ak mempunyai mitokhondria !

retikulum endoplasmik; "0S

ribosomes

Membran Sitoplasmik

Mengadung sterols #ergosterol$

ak mengandung sterol

Dinin! sel

erdiri dari glucans% mannans% chitin%

chitosan

erdiri dari murein% teichoic acid

#&ram'positi(e$% proteins

Metabolisme

)eterotro*ik; kebanyakan aerobe; tak

bisa *otosintesis

)eterotro*ik ; aerob obligat

dan anaerobe% akultati anaerob

Ukuran "Diameter#

Sel ragi+ ,-.-10 /m

1-. /m

(37)

TAKSONOMI & KLASSIFIKASI JAMUR

Taksonomi amur terutama didasarkan pada

morfologinya!

1.

5east 6 ragi

".

ilamentous

4.

Dimorfik ! berbentuk ragi pada temperatur tubuh

dan filamentous pada temperatur ruangan.

*ada %ikologi &edokteran, fungi diklassifikasikan

berdasar aspek praktis sebagai!

7.

ungi filamentous

0.

5east atau ragi

8.

ungi dimorfik

9.

Dermatofit

(38)

(39)

(40)

:ani a7ians en4an 2e=arnaan

Lat52en5 5tt5n 78e

(41)

*am8r 2at54en

N$% KRE&$MP$K

'$NT$(

1

)un!i filamentous

Zygomycetes

Malassezia furfur

Fonsecaea

Species

Phialophora

species

Madurella

species

Pseudallescheria boydii

Aspergillus

species

2

*east atau ra!i

Candida albicans

Cryptococcus neoformans

,

)un!i imorfik

Blastomyces dematitidis

Histoplasma capsulatum

Coccidioides immitis

Paracoccidioides brasiliens

Sporothrix schencii

3

Dermatofit

!richophyton

species

Microsporum

species

(42)

(43)

"I ERIPL. "UGAR IRO% ."



"8nt  B8tt

Akai @ Mera

Asam @ K8nin4

%etra @ Oran4e



H!" @ E; @ Hitam

E @ iak



Gas @ E; @ eran4kat

E @ iak

(44)

"IM E"ULFID. I%DOL. MOILI$

."

"8?8r EH

_!

" @ E; @ Hitam

E @ iak

In5e @

E; @ Aa inin mera

E @ iak aa inin mera

M5tiity @

E; @ Ber4erak

(45)

M.H$L R.D >

+OG." PRO"KAU.R EMR>+P

Mety Re

E; @ Mera E @

+54es Pr5ska8er

E; @ Mera E @

Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui apakah bakteri memfermentasikan

glukosa atau tidak.

(46)

:IRA.  UR.A H$DROL$"I"

:itrate

E; @ Bir8 E @ Hia8

Urea Hyr5ysis

(47)

"UGAR F.RM.%AIO%

."



Lat5se

Fermentati5n



"8r5se

Fermentati5n



G85se

Fermentati5n



Mannit5

E; @ K8nin4 E @ Mera

Tube 1: Negative acid /Negative gas

Tube 2A: Must incubate longer (ambiguous result)

Tube 2B: Positive acid /Negative gas

(48)

Special selective and diferential agar medium:

1. M C,"ke$ a%ar

la#e

0. SS a%ar la#e

(49)

Mc Conkey Agar



MaC,"ke$ a%ar

is a 8t8re mei8m

esi4ne

t5

4r5=

Gramne4atie

7ateria an stain tem ?5r at5se

?ermentati5n&

In4reients@



Bile Sal#

Et5 ini7it m5st

Gram25sitie

7ateria, e<e2t

Enterococcus

an s5me

s2eies 5?

Staphylococcus

i&e& "ta2y558s

a8re8s,



Cr$'#al ;i,le#

ye E=i as5 ini7its ertain

Gram25sitie 7ateria,



Ne!#ral Re

ye E=i stains mir57es

?ermentin4 at5se,

(50)

Ma5nkey a4ar =it

at5seEe?t an n5n

at5seEri4t ?ermenters

(51)

PRI%:IPL.

La#,'e 



By 8tiiin4 te at5se aaia7e in te

mei8m,

La;

7ateria

s8

as

Escherichia coli

,

Enterobacter

an

Klebsiella

=i 2r58e

ai, =i

5=ers te 2H 5? te a4ar 7e5= 6&' an

res8ts in te a22earane 5? re>2ink

55nies& e 7ie sats 2rei2itate in te

immeiate nei475r55 5? te 55ny,

a8sin4 te mei8m s8rr58nin4 te

55ny t5 7e5me ay&

(52)

La#,'e- 

%5nLat5se ?ermentin4 7ateria s8 as

Salmonella

,

Proteus species,

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

an

Shigella

ann5t

8tiie at5se, an =i 8se 2e2t5ne instea&

is ?5rms amm5nia, =i raises te 2H 5?

te a4ar, an eas t5 te ?5rmati5n 5?

=ite>55ress 55nies ?5rme in te 2ate&

B8t tey an as5 55k 45en t5 7r5=n =it

ark enters& ey are ir8ar 55nies an

arran4e ran5my&

(53)

SS agar plate:

In4reients@

%8trient a4ar

100m

Lat5se

1&004

Bie sats

0&')4

ini7it5r

"5i8m itrate

0&')4

ini7it5r

"5i8m ti5s8?ate

0&')4

10 ?erri itrate

1m

1 %e8tra re

0&!)m

iniat5r

1 7riiant 4reen

0&033m

(54)

(55)

(56)

(57)

(

T&i,'!l/a#e-Ci#ra#e-Bile-S!r,'e)



Use ?5r

8t8re

Vibrio

cholerae



$e5= 55nies

?5r i7ri5s 8e

t5 5<iase

reati5n

(58)

 TCBS A%ar:

 $east .<trat &&&&&&&& )&0 4

 _{Panreati Di4est 5? :asein &&&&&&&&} _)&0  _{Pe2ti Di4est 5? Anima iss8e &&&&} _)&0  _"5i8m_:itrate_&& _10&

 "5i8m i5s8?ate&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 10&0  _{O< Bie .<trat &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&} _)&0  _{"5i8m :5ate &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&} _3&0  "8r5se &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& !0&0  _{"5i8m :5rie &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&} _10&0  _{Ferri :itrate &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&} _1&0  _{A4ar &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&} _1-&0  _{Br5mtym5 B8e &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&} _{-0&0 m4}  _{ym5 B8e &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&} _-&0

 _{Fina 2H '&6 N 0&! at !):}

 _{(0) Alkali"e Pe#,"e =a#er:}

 Panreati Di4est 5? :asein &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 10&0 4  _{"5i8m :5rie &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&} _)&0  _{Fina 2H '&) N 0&! at !):}

(59)



e 7ie sats in te meia ini7it te

4r5=t 5? 4ram25sitie mir57es

te 2resene 5? s8r5se a5=s ?5r te

ierentiati5n 5? t5se i7ri5s, =i

an 8tiie s8r5se =it te ai 5?

7r5mtym5 78e, an tym5 78e

iniat5rs& e i4 '&6 2H 5? :B"

A4ar s822resses 5ter intestina C5ra

=ie a5=in4 8nini7ite 4r5=t 5?

i7ri5s&

(60)

(61)

M.DIUM LO#.%".I% *.%".%



K55ni 2aa Meia LQ=enstein

*ensen akan tam2ak

2ert8m78an aam =akt8

3- min448 7er=arna 28ti

kek8nin4k8nin4an, 2erm8kaan

kerin4, kasar Etiak iin an

ra28 en4an te2i yan4 tiak

7erat8ran Ese2erti 78n4a k5&

e2i @ 7er4eri4i

(62)

K5m25sisi Meia LQ=enstein*ensen



as2ara4in, KH!PO-,M4

sitrat, M4 s8?at, 4iserin



28ti te8r ayam>7e7ek



maakit ia8 steri !

(63)

M.DIUM RA%"POR

• _{S#!ar# mei!m}

_{@ i2akai 8nt8k trans25rtasi}

s2eimen yan4 men4an8n4 7akteri 25siti?

Gram an ne4ati? Gram&

• _{Carr$ a" Blair mei!m}

_{@ i2akai 8nt8k}

trans25rtasi tina ata8 a28san ret8m yan4

i8ri4ai men4an8n4

Vibrio

ata8

(64)



Mei8m enriment 8nt8k 7akteri

enterik@

• _{Air e"#," alkali':}

_8nt8k

_Vibrio

_s2eies

aam tina

• _Sele"i#e:

_Salmonella

_an

_Shigella

_s2eies

aam tina&

• _{Mei!m ile e#,":}

_8nt8k

_Salmonella

(65)

Air 2ent5n akais

:arry an Bair Mei8m

"t8art Mei8m

O< Bie

(66)

KEPEKAAN ANTIBIOTIK



Lak8kan

2en48k8ran

iameter 5na

erni i sekitar

is anti7i5tik

E5na ini7isi an

7anin4kan ta7e

r88kan 8nt8k

menent8kan

(67)

(68)

(69)

(70)

"IAP

(71)

R."PO% A

ULI" %AMA, %IM ,

K.LOMPOK DA%

(72)

1 A&

A2a it8 7akteriT

B&

"e78tkan str8kt8r ari 7akteri T

(73)

!

A

B

(74)

3 A&

"e78tkan rea4enrea4en yan4

i48nakan 2aa 2e=arnaan taan

asamT

B&

Inter2retasi ari

BA ; @

BA  @

(75)

-A& A2a ?8n4si ari M5rantT

B& A2a 2er7eaan met5e /ie J

%eesen an ani 2aa 2e=arnaan

taan asamTT

(76)

)

A&

A2a nama tes

7i5kimia

isam2in4T

B&

A2a J a2a saa

yan4 a2at iiat

2aa tes 7i5kimia

terse78tT

(77)

KUMPUL SSSSS

SS

(78)

R."PO% B

ULI" %AMA, %IM ,

K.LOMPOK DA%

(79)

1 ".BUKA% 3 P.RB.DAA% BAK.RI

DA% *AMUR T

(80)

!

A&

Pe=arnaan

a2a yan4

isam2in4T

B&

A2a J a2a at

=arna yan4

i48nakan T

(81)

3 A&

"e78tkan rea4enrea4en yan4

i48nakan 2aa 2e=arnaan 4ram T

B&

Inter2retasi ari

Gram ; @

Gram  @

(82)

-"e78tkan ! minima 7akteri yan4

taan

(83)

)

a. Apa nama tes

biokimia

disamping ?

b. Apa – apa saja

yang dapat dilihat

pada tes biokimia

tersebut?