T B.ING 1302432 Table of content

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE OF APPROVAL

ABSTRACT ... ii

PREFACE _{... iii}

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS _{... iv}

TABLE OF CONTENTS _{... v}

LIST OF TABLES _{... vi}

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION _{... 1}

1.1 Background of the Study ... 1

1.2 Purposes of the Study ... 3

1.3 Research Questions ... 3

1.4 Significance of the Study ... 3

1.5 Clarification of Main Terms ... 4

1.6 Organization of the Thesis... 5

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW _{... 6}

2.1 Cooperative Learning ... 6

2.1.1 Historical Roots of Cooperative Learning ... 6

2.1.2 Definition of Cooperative Learning ... 8

2.1.3 Key Elements of Cooperative Learning ... 9

2.1.4 Types of Cooperative Learning ... 12

2.1.5 Cooperative Learning Techniques... 13

2.1.6 Benefits of Cooperative Learning ... 18

2.1.7 Challenges to the Implementation of Cooperative Learning... 20

2.2 The Nature of Reading ... 21

2.3 The Teaching of Reading ... 22

2.4 Critical Thinking and Critical Reading ... 23

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Anit Pranita Devi, 2016

2.4.1.1 Definition of Critical Thinking ... 24

2.4.1.2 Critical Thinking Disposition ... 25

2.4.1.3 Criteria for Evaluating Critical Thinking ... 26

2.4.2 Definitions of Critical Reading ... 27

2.5 Cooperative Learning and Critical Reading ... 29

2.6 The Teaching of Critical Thinking in Reading Using Cooperative Learning ... 31

2.7 Related Research Report ... 33

2.8 Concluding Remarks ... 36

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY _{... 37}

3.1 Research Design ... 37

3.2 Research Site and Participants ... 38

3.3 Data Collection Techniques ... 38

3.3.1 Classroom Observation ... 39

3.3.2 Questionnaires ... 40

3.3.3 Interview ... 41

3.3.4 Written Test ... 41

3.4 Data Analysis ... 42

3.4.1 Data from Classroom Observation ... 42

3.4.2 Data from Questionnaires ... 44

3.4.3 Data from Interview ... 44

3.4.4 Data from Students’ Written Test ... 44

3.5 Validity ... 45

3.6 Concluding Remarks ... 45

CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS _{... 46}

4.1 Introduction ... 46

4.2 The Implementation of Cooperative Learning Techniques ... 46

4.2.1 The Implementation of in Think-Pair-Share Technique ... 47

4.2.1.2 Key Elements of Cooperative Learning in Think-Pair-Share ... 52

4.2.2 The Implementation of Jigsaw Technique ... 55

4.2.2.1 The Steps ... 57

4.2.2.2 Key Elements of Cooperative Learning in Jigsaw Technique ... 61

4.2.3 The Implementation of in Structured Controversy Technique ... 65

4.2.3.1 The Steps ... 66

4.2.3.2 Key elements of Cooperative Learning in Structured Controversy Technique ... 71

4.2.4 The Result of Students’ Written Test ... 75

4.2.5 Summary of the Implementation of Cooperative Learning Techniques in Facilitating Students’ Critical Reading ... 79

4.2.5.1 The Encouragement of Student-Student Interaction ... 80

4.2.5.2 The Provision of Group Purpose ... 83

4.2 .5.3 The Stimulus to the Development of Thought and Ideas ... 83

4.3 The Benefits and Challenges of the Implementation of Cooperative Learning ... 85

4.3.1 Benefits ... 85

4.3.1.1 Higher Involvement and Motivation ... 85

4.3.1.2 Increased Opportunity for Language Use ... 87

4.3.1.3 Developed Interpersonal Relationships ... 89

4.3.2 Challenges ... 89

4.3.2.1 The Availability of Time ... 90

4.3.2.2 Students’ English Proficiency ... 91

4.3.2.3 Students’ Contribution to the Groupwork ... 92

4.4 Concluding Remarks ... 94

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS _{... 95}

5.1 Conclusions of the Study ... 95

5.2 Limitations of the Study ... 96

5.3 Recommendations for Further Studies ... 97

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1 Classroom observation, focus of the lessons and methods ... 40

Table 3.2 Observation Sheet... 43

Table 4.1 Students’ Test Result ... 76