لي فتلاى ساى تس ى عى يزي جإاى غ لاوى يبرعلاى غ لاىنبىي ب قتلاىلي حتلا
ى
ى(
سارد
ى
ي ب قت
)
ى
كتىثح
ي ي
ى
جردلاىلي لى ورشلاىء فيتساى دق
ى
ع ا
ي
ى
ىوأا
ى
(
S. Hum
)
ى
ى هدأوى يبرعلاى غ لاىي
ى
دادعإ
:
ى
ديحو
ى
يجستلاى قر
:ل
ى
423232ض3
A
ى
ى
هدأوى يبرعلاى غ لاى عش
ى
دأاوى غ لاى سق
ى
ادآاى ي ك
ى
ين سنإاى علاو
ى
ي بار سى ي ك اى ي اسإاىلي أىنن سى ع ج
ى
254ض
ى
ى/
3222
ى
ABSTRAK
ﻯﲔﺑﻯ ﺑ ﻘﺘ ﻯ ﺤﺘ
ﳒﻹ ﻯﺔﻐ ﻯﺔ ﺑﺮ ﻯﺔﻐ
ﺔ ﺰ
ﻀﻔﺘ ﻯ ﻯ ﺘ ﻯ
(Analisis Kontrastif antara Bahasa Arab dengan Bahasa Inggris pada Level
Preposisi )
Bahasa adalah hal terpenting dalam kelangsungan hidup manusia. Setiap
bahasa mempunyai kaidah yang berbeda-beda. Seperti halnya bahasa Arab dan
bahasa Inggris. Pada era global ini keduanya merupakan bahasa yang secara tidak
langsung mewajibkan kita untuk menguasainya. Berkenaan dengan ini, peneliti
tertarik untuk membahas tentang analisis kontrastif antara bahasa Arab dan
bahasa Inggris, dengan menggunkan
isim tafdlil
dalam bahasa Arab dan
degree of
comparrision
dalam bahasa Inggris sebagai objek dari penelitiannya. Sehingga
muncul masalah seperti dibawah ini:
1.
Apa saja persamaan dan perbedaan
isim tafdlil
dalam bahasa Arab dan
bahasa Inggris?
2.
Apa saja kesulitan yang dapat terjadi dalam mempelajari
isim tafdlil
dalam bahasa Arab dan bahasa Inggris?
Demi menjawab persoalan ini, peneliti menggunakan metode analisis
kontranstif, dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Yaitu dengan membandingkan antara
bahasa Arab dan bahasa Inggris serta memprediksi kesulitan yang mungkin
muncul dalam mempelajari kedua bahasa tersebut dan menggunakan ilmu
linguistik sebagai alat analisisnya.
Dalam penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan, yaitu:
1.
Perbedaan:
a.
Dilihat dari fungsinya, adapun kedua bahasa tersebut berfungsi
untuk membandingkan dua benda atau lebih dan salah satunya ada
yang lebih unggul diantara yang lain.
b.
Untuk mebandingkan dua benda atau lebih kedua bahasa tersebut
menggunakan pembanding.
c.
Dll.
2.
Persamaan:
a.
Pembanding dalam bahasa Arab dapat mempengaruhi kata
setelahnya, sedangkan dalam bahasa Inggris tidak.
b.
Dalam bahasa Arab ada kesesuaian
isim tafdlilI
dengan yang
dibandingnkan, sedangkan dalam bahasa Inggris tidak.
ﲔ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻖ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﲑ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﺿ
ﻯﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ: ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯﺉ ﻹ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﲑ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ: ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯﰒﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯﺉ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﲝﻯﺉ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯﲔ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻘ
ﻯ
ﻯﲑ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻷ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯﻯ:
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻹ
ﻷ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
۸
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﹶ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﳒﻹ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﺉ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﲔ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯﲔ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﳒﻹ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﲑ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﲔ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﳕ ﻯﺉ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﳒﻹ ﻯ
ﲟ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯﺉ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﺉ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯﺉ
۵
ﻯ: )ﻯﱘ ﻯ
ﻔﻒ
ﻯ
(
ﻯ
ﺉﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﰊ ﻯ
ﻯ
(
ﻯ ﻯ: ﲑ )ﻯﺉ
ﻯ
ﻯ:
ﺾﺻ
ﻯﺉ ﻯ
ﺉ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ: ﻯ ﻯﺉ
)
ﻒﻚﻚﻑ
ﻯ: ﻯ(
ﻒﻚﻚ
ﻯAbdul Choir, Psikolinguistik, (Bandung, PT. Rineka: 2009) hal: 245
ﻯﺉ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﺉ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﰐ ﻯ
ﻯ ﺉ
ﻯﺉ
ﻚ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﳒﻹ ﻯ
ﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﺉ ﳒﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﲔ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﳒﻹ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻷ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
:
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯﺉ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻒﻑ
ﻯ
-
ﻯﲔ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻹ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
-ﻯﲑ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
-ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻹ
ﻷ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯﲑ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﲪ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻷ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﺉ ﻷ
ﻯ ﻷ ﻯ
ﻒﻒ
ﻯ
.
ﺚ ﺃ
ﻯﺉ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ:
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﺉ ﲑ )ﻯﺉ
ﺻﺹﺹ٤
ﻯ: ﻯ(
ﺾﺻ
ﻯﺉ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ:
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﺉ ﲑ )ﻯﺉ
ﺻﺹﺹ٤
ﻯ: ﻯ(
ﺾﺺ
-ﺾﺻ
ﻯﺉﲑ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﲪ
ﻯ ﲝﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ:
ﻷ ﻯ ﻯﺉ
ﻯ)ﻯﺉ
ﺻﺹﺹﺿ
ﻯ: ﻯ(
ﺺﺻ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
:ﻯ
ﺺ
ﺋ ﳒﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﲔ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﺻ
ﺋ ﳒﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﲔ ﻯ
ﻹ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﺼ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﺋ ﳒﻹ
ﻯ
.ﺝ
ﺚ ﻑ ﺃ
:ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﺺ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﲔ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﳒﻹ
ﻯ
ﺻ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﲔ ﻯ
ﻹ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﳒﻹ
ﻯ
ﺼ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﳒﻹ
ﻯ
.
ﺚ ﻴﳘﺃ
ﻯ ﳘ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
:
ﻒ
ﻯ
ﻯ
:ﻯ
ﻯ ﳘ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﳘ ﻯ
ﻷ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻓ
ﻯ
ﻯ
:ﻯ
ﻯ ﳘ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻷ
ﻯ
ﻩ
.
ﻄﺼﳌ ﻴﺿ ﺗ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
:ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﺉﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯﲔ ﻯﲔ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ:
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﲔ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻹ
ﻒﺻ
ﻯﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯﰒ
ﻱﻯ
contrastive linguistics
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯﲔ ﻯﲔ ﻯ
ﻯﻱ
ﻯﲑ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻱ
ﻱﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻷ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﲨ
ﻒﺼ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﱪ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ:
ﻒ٤
ﻯ
ﳒﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ:
Great Britain
ﻯﺉ
The United Stated
ﻯﺉ
Canada
،
ﻯ
Australia
ﻯﲑ ﻯﺉ
ﻒﺾ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﺉ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﲔ
ﻹ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻷ ﻯ
ﻯﺉﰊ ﻯ ﻯ:
)ﻯﺉ
ﻓﻑﻒ٤
ﻯ
ﻯ: ﻯ(
ﻒ۸ﻑ
ﻯ
ﻯﺉ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯﺉ ﲑ )ﻯﺉ
ﻯ:
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﺻﺹﺹ٤
ﻯ: ﻯ(
ﺾﺹ
ﻯ
ﻯﺉﲔ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﺉ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯﺉ
ﻯ
ﻯ: ﲑ )
ﻒﻚﻚﻔ
ﻯ: ﻯ(
ﻘ
ﻯ
The Longman Dictionary team, Longman Pocket English Dictionary,(England: Person EducationLimited, 2001), page: 172
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ:
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﳘ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯﲔ
ﻒﺿ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﳒﻹ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﳒﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﺉ ﳒﻹ ﻯ ﻯ ﰊ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﲔ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻹ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯﺉ ﻯ ﻯ ﲝﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﲑ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﳒﻹ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﲔ ﻯ
ﻯ
.
ﺚ
ﻒ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﳒﻹ
ﻯ
ﻓ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﳒﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﺯ
.
ﻘ ﺭ
ﻯ
ﺉ ﴰ ﻯ ﲪ
ﻯ
ﺉ
ﻯ
ﻷ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯﺉ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ: ﲑ )
ﻓﻑﻒﻓ
ﻯ: ﻯ(
ﻓ٤٤
ﺿ
ﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﲔ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﺉ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﺉ ﲪ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﺻﺹﺺ٤
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﻯ
ﻯ
ﲔ ﻯﲔ ﻯﲔ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻀ
ﻯ
ﳒﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﲔ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﺉ ﲰ
ﻯ ﻯﺉ ﻷ ﻯ
ﺻﺹﺺ٤
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻹ ﻯ
ﱐ
ﻱ ﻈ ﻃﻹ
: ﻷ ﺚ
ﰲ
ﺘ
.
ﺘ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﳘ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻒﻘ
ﻯ ﻷﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻷ ﻯ ﻯ ﳘ ﻯ ﻯ،ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻒﻁ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﲑ ﻯ،ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯﰲ
ﻷ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻒﻚ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﺻﻑ
:ﻯ
- ﻯ
ﻯ، ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ :
ﻯ ، ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ، ﴰ ﻯ ﲪ
ﻯ
ﻷ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ: ﲑ ﻯ،
ﻓﻑﻒﻓ
ﻯ: ﻯ
ﻓ٤٤
،
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯ: ﲑ ﻯ،
ﻒﻚﻚﻔ
ﻯ: ﻯ
ﻒﻚﻔ
ﻯ:ﻯ ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﺺﻚﻔ
ﻯ:ﻯ ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﺺﻚ٤
ﺻﺺ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ، ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
- ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﰲﻯ
ﻯ ، ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﺻﺻ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ، ﻯ
.
ﺘ
:ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
- ﻯ
ﺻﺼ
ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻷ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯ ، ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ، ﱪ ﻯ ﱪ ﻯ ،
ﻯ
ﻯ :
ﺻ٤
ﻯﲑ ﻯ ﻯ:
ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯﻱ ﻱﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ:
ﻯ، ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯﲑ ﻯ: ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯﻱ
ﻯ ﻯﲑ ﻱﻯ:ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﲰ ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯ ﳘ
ﻯ ﻷ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﳚ ﻯ ﻷ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻱ ﻱﻯ:ﰲﻯﲑ ﻯ، ﻯﲑ ﻯ:ﰲﻯ ﻯ
ﻓﺾ
ﻯ
،
،
ﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ: ﲑ
ﻓﻑﻑﻀ
ﻯ: ﻯ
ﻒﺿﻘ
،
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻹ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ:
ﺺﻚﻚﻚ
ﻯ: ﻯ
ﻓ٤٩
ﻯ
ﻯ
،
،
ﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ: ﲑ
ﻓﻑﻑﻀ
ﻯ: ﻯ
ﻒﺿﻘ
ﻯ، ﻯ
ﻯ
،
ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ، ﲟﻯ
ﻯ
ﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ:
ﻓﻑﻒﻓ
ﻯ: ﻯ
ﻒﻒﻙ
- ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ
ﻓﺿ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ، ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ: ﻯﰲﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﳘ
ﻯ: ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯﻱ ﻱ ﻯﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ، ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﰲﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ،
ﻱ ﻱ
-،
ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﳘ ﻯ
ﻓﻀ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻓﻁ
ﻯ ﻯ:
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ:
ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﲪﻯﰲﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯﰲﻯ ﻯ
ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ
ﻓ٩
ﻯ ﻯ ﲪ ﻯ، ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﲪ ﻯ:
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ ﻯ
ﺼﻑ
.
ﺘ
ﻯ،
ﻯ ، ﻯ
ﻷ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯﲑ ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯ، ﻯ،
ﺼﻒ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ، ﻯ ،
ﻯ ﻯ ، ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ، ﴰ ﻯ ﲪ
،
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻯ،
ﻹ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ:
ﺺﻚﻚﻚ
ﻯ: ﻯ
ﻓ٤٩
ﻯ
،
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﲪ
ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ: ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﺺﺼﺺ
ﻯ
،دودﺧوﺑ نﯾد ا ءﺎﮭﺑ ﻲ ﻲ رﺻ ا لﺧدﻣ ا
:ص ( ﺔﻧﺳ ا نودﺑ :تورﯾﺑ) ،
ﻯ،
ﻯ
،
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯ: ﲑ
ﻒﻚﻚﻔ
ﻯ: ﻯ
ﻒﻚ٤
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﳚﻯ ﻯ، ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ:ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ: ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻷ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﳚﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯ: ﻯ،
٤ﺻ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ :ﻯ
،
٤ﺼ
:ﻯ ﻯ ﻯﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
-ﲪ ﻯ:ﻯ
- ﲪ
-ﻯ -ﻯ:-ﻯ
–
ﻯ
-ﻯ
ﻯ:ﻯ
–
ﻯ ﻯ، ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ،
٤٤
ﻯ، ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ:ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯﱵ ﻯ ﻷ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﳚﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ،ﻯ ﻯ، ﻯ، ﻯ: ﻯ،
ﻯ
٤ﺾ
ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ:
ﻒﺻﻙ
ﻯ
ﻯ
،
ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯ:
ﻯ،
ﻹ ﻯ
ﺺﻚﻚﻚ
ﻯ: ﻯ
ﺻﺾﻑ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ: ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﺻﺾﻒ
ﻯ
.
ﰲ ﺘ ﲑ
ﺘ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﳚﻯ ﻯ، ﻯ، ﻯ، ﻯ، ﻯ: ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ:ﻯ ﻷ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻷﻯ،
ﻯﲑ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻹ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ،ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﰐ
٤ﺿ
ﻯﻯ ﻯ، ﻯ، ﻯ: ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯﲑ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ:ﻯﱐ
ﻯ ﻷﻯ،
ﻯﲑ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻹﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﳚﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻷ ﻯ
ﻷ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ،
٤ﻘ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ،
ﻯ
ﻯ ﲑ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ :ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﲟﻯ ﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﰐ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
٤ﻁ
ﻯﲑ ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻷ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﲟﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
٤ﻚ
:ﻯ
-ﻯ -ﻯ -ﻯ
ﻯ
-ﻯ -ﻯ -ﻯ
ﺟرﻣ ا س ﻧ ﺟرﻣ ا س ﻧ ﺟرﻣ ا س ﻧ
ﻯ
،
،
ﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ: ﲑ
ﻓﻑﻑﻀ
ﻯ: ﻯ
ﻒﺿﻙ
-ﻒﺿ٩
-ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ، ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯ، ﻯ ﻯ، ﻯ ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
-ﻯ ﻷ -ﻯ
ﻯﰲ
–
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﳘ ﲡ
ﻯﻯﻯﻯﻯ ﻯ، ﻯ ﻯ ﻯﲑ ﻯ،
ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯ ﳘ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﲡﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ، ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ،
ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﺾﻑ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ :ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻷﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯ:ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻷ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻷﻯ، ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ، ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ، ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻷﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻷ
ﺾﻒ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ، ﻯ ﻷ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻷ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ، ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ، ﻯ ﻯ ﻯﰐ ﻯ ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﺾﺻ
ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻒﺿﻙ
ﻯ
ﻯ
.
ﺘ
ﻯ: ﻯ،ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻹ
ﻯ
ﻯ، ﻹ ﻯﻯﻱ ﻱﻯ ﻯ ﲡ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ،ﻱ ﻱﻯ
ﺾﺼ
-" ﻹ -"
: ﱃ ﻷ
ﻯ ﲨﻯﰲﻯ ﲑ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ، ﻹ ﻯ،ﻱ ﻱﻯ ﻯ ﲡﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯﻱ ﻱﻯ
،
ﻯ ﻯ:
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﺾ٤
-" -" ﺘ :
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯﻱ ﻱ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﻱ ﻱ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻷ ﻯ ﻯ: ﻯ،
ﻯ ﲑ ﻯ ﲨ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ،
ﻷ ﻯ ﻯ،
ﻯ ﳘﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻯ ﳘ ﻯ،
ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﺾﺾ
-ﺘ ﺇ :
ﱃﺇ
ﻯ،
ﻯ
،
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﲑ
ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯ:
ﻒﻚﻚﻔ
ﻯ: ﻯ
ﻒﻚﺿ
-ﺺ٩ﺾ
ﻯ: ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﺺ٩ﺿ
ﻯ: ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﺺ٩ﻘ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﲑ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ،ﻯﻱ ﻱ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ، ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ، ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ:
ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ،
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ،
.
ﺾﺿ
ﱃﺇ ﺘ ﺇ :
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ،ﻱ ﻱ
:
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ،ﻯ ﲑ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﲑ ﻯ ﲨ ﻯ
ﺾﻘ
ﺁ ﺁ ﰲ
ﺘ
ﰲ
ﺘ
ﺟ
ﱘ
ﻷ
ﺺ
.
ﻯ ﻯ ﲡ
ﻱ ﻱ
ﻯ ﹾ ﻯ ﹶ ﹶ
ﹶ ﹶ ﻯ ﹶ
ﻯ:
ﺺﺻﻀ
ﺻ
.
ﻱ ﻱﻯ ﻯ
-ﻯ ﱠﹺ-ﻯ ﹸ -ﻯﹶ
ﹶ ﹶﹾ
ﻯ:
ﺺﺾ
-ﻯ
ﹶ ﹶﹾ
ﻯ:
ﺺﻀ
ﺼ
.
ﲑ ﻯ ﻯ
-ﻯ ﹺﹾ -ﻯ ﹾﹶ -ﻯ ﹶﹶ
ﹺﱘﹺ ﹾ ﻯﹺ ﹶﻯﰲ
ﻯ:
٤
ﻯ
ﻯ
٤
.
ﻯ ﻯ
-ﻯ ﹶ ﹶ-ﻯﷲ -ﻯ -ﻯ ﹸ ﹾ ﹶ-ﻯﱠ
ﻯ:
ﺼﺺ
: ﱐ ﺚ
ﺰ ﳒﻹ ﰲ
ﺘ
.
ﺘ
Qualitative adjective
ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯﱵ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯﱵ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
degree of comparrision
.
ﺾﻁ
degree of comparrision
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ، ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﺾﻚ
.
ﺘ
١
.
Positif Degree
Positive degree
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻷ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﺿﻑ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﺿﻒ
Dhanny R. Cyssco, English Grammar Practice for Toefl Preparation Test
,
(Jakarta: PuspaSwara, 2004), hal: 162
ﻯ ﻯ
Essential Grammar and Reading Strategy for Toefel Testﻯ، ﻯ
ﻯ:
.ﺻﺹﺺﺼ
ﻯ: ﻯ
ﺺﺼﺹ
Dhanny R. Cyssco, English Grammar Practice for Toefl Preparation Test
,
(Jakarta: PuspaSwara, 2004), hal: 162
ﻯ ﻯ
Essential Grammar and Reading Strategy for Toefel Test.
ﻯ، ﻯ
ﻯ:
ﺻﺹﺺﺼ
ﻯ:
ﺺﺼﺹ
: ﻷ
•
The man is
as old as
my father.
•
She is
as tall as
my sister.
•
Their house is
as big as
ours.
: ﻯ
ﻯ
-:ﱃ ﻷ
ﻯ
as ... as
adjective
ﻯ
adverb
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﺿﻓ
: ﻷ
•
Gracia Indri is
as beatiful as
Nuri Maulida.
•
This haouse is
as
big
as
his house.
•
The man is
as old as
my father.
•
She is
as tall as
my sister.
ﻯ
as ... as
ﻯ ﳘ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯﰲ
much
ﻯ
many
ﻯ ﻯ
ﺿﺼ
As much as
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻷ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
uncountable
ﻯ،
as many as
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻷ
countable
ﻯ
ﺿ٤
: ﻷ
•
As much as
Martin Hewings, Advanced Grammar in Use, (Jakarta: Erlangga, 2001) hal: 178
ﻯ
Muhibbin, English Grammar: Kaidah dan Pelatihan untuk Rujukan Belajar Sendiri, (Jakarta:
PT Grafindo Persada, 2006) hal: 152
As + adjective + as
-
She earns at least
as much as
Mark, and probably more.
-
A big book cost twice
as much as
a small one.
-
A lecturer’s salary is half
as much as
an engineer’s.
•
As many as
-
We need three time
as many as
we have.
-
Unluckily, we only have half
as many as
we need.
-
London has twice
as many banks a s
the rest of south-east England.
-:
: ﻷ
•
Like
-
This hotel is
like
that hotel.
-
I believe that her pens are
like
Bob’s.
-
The man is
like
my father.
-
She is
like
my sister.
•
Alike
-
Your car and his car are
alike
-
I don’t believe that these books and those ones are
alike
.
-
This book and that one are
alike
.
-:
: ﻷ
•
This radio and that radio are
the same.
•
My house is
the same as
your house.
•
The man and my father are the same.
-:
Like و alike
The same ... (as) ...
: ﻷ
•
Your prediction is
similar to
my prediction.
•
I believe that his book are
similar to
hers.
•
Your prediction and my prediction are
similar
•
I don’t believe that this pen and that one
are similar
.
-:
different
ﻯ
adjektiva
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﱵ
verba
differ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﳘ
ﻯ ﻯ
differ
ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯﲑ ﻯ
ﻯ
different
ﻯ ﻯﲑ ﻯ ﻯ
be
is, was,
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯﲑ
be
ﻯﰲ
ﻯ
different from
ﻯ ﻯ
ﺿﺾ
: ﻷ
•
Different (from)
-
Jakarta is
different from
Singapore.
-
My mother is
different from
women I know.
-
Costoms are
different from
one region of the country to another.
-
Michelle’s eyes beauty
differs from
hers.
-
My brother and Jack are
different.
-
Bandung and Surabaya are
different
.
•
Differ from
-
My mother
differs from
women I know.
-
Costoms
differ from
one region of the country to another.
-
Michelle’s beauty
differs from
Laila’s.
-Muhibbin Syah, English Grammar: Kaidah dan Pelatihan untuk Rujukan Belajar Sendiri,
(Jakarta: PT Grafindo Persada, 2006) hal: 149
Different (from) ... and Differ (from) ...
:
•
This girl is
no less clever than
that.
-:
•
That girl is
not more beautiful than
this.
ﻯ ﻷ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻱﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
not
ﻯ ﻯﻱ
to be
.
ﺿﺿ
: ﻷ
•
The man is as tall as my father.
-
The man
is not
as tall as my father.
•
The house is as big as yours.
-
The house
is not
as big as yours.
•
Their house is as big as ours.
-
Their house
is not
as big as ours.
ﺻ
.
Comparative Degree
Comparative degree
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻷ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﺿﻀ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﺿﻁ
Dhanny R. Cyssco, English Grammar Practice for Toefl Preparation Test
,
(Jakarta: PuspaSwara, 2004), hal: 162
Dhanny R. Cyssco, English Grammar Practice for Toefl Preparation Test
,
(Jakarta: PuspaSwara, 2004), hal: 162
Slamet Riyanto
,
Essential Grammar and Reading Strategy for Toefel Test, (Yogyakarta:Penerbit Andi, 2013) hal: 131
Not more + positive + than
: ﻯ
ﻯ
-ﱃ ﻷ
ﻯ ﻯ
adjektive
ﻯ
adverb
ﻯ ﻯ
er
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
comparative
.
ﺿﻚ
ﻯ: ﻷ
•
Jefferson is
older
than Madison.
•
The city of Paris is
bigger
than that of Sydney.
•
My brother is
taller
than Jack.
•
Jakarta is bigger than Surabaya.
-ﻯ -ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﱵ ﻯ
ﻯ
،
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
more
ﻯ
ﻯ
comparative
.
: ﻷ
•
Kania
is more beautiful than
Andrea.
•
Hawaii
is more famous than
Wanuatu.
-Muhibbin Syah, English Grammar: Kaidah dan Pelatihan untuk Rujukan Belajar Sendiri,
(Jakarta: PT Grafindo Persada, 2006) hal: 157
ﻯ
Adjective + er ... than ...
More + adjective … than …
Less + adjective + than
: ﻷ
•
This tariff of taxi is
less expensive than
that of the bus.
•
This black and white TV is
less cheaper than
that colored TV.
•
My brother is
less taller
than Jack.
-:
•
The
sooner
you come, the
better
you will be.
•
The
faster
we finish, the
sooneer
we can leave.
-ﻷ
:
•
The
more
you study, the
smarter
you will be.
•
The
more beautiful
a woman is, the
sooner
she will find her right man.
•
People say, “The
more
we have, the
more
we want”.
-: ﻷ
The + comparative + subject + verb,
the + comparative + subject + verb
The more + subject + verb,
the +comparative +subject + verb
•
Jhon is
the cleverer of
the two
boys.
•
This one is
the better of the two
football clubs.
•
Whitney Houston is
the better of the two
singers.
•
Helena is
the smarter of the two
students.
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﰲ
of the two
ﻯ ﻯﰲ
comparative
.
:
•
Of the two
film, this one is
the
more
impressive
.
ﺼ
.
Superlative Degree
Superlative degree
ﻞﻌﺘﺴﯾ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻷ ﻯ
ﻘﻒ
ﻯ
Superlative degree
ﻯ
ﱵ ﻯ ﻷ
.
ﻘﺻ
: ﻯ
ﻯ
-ﱃ ﻷ
: ﻷ
•
New York is
the busiest
city in the word.
•
The busiest
city in the word is New York.
•
Jhon is
the tallest
in his class.
-Dhanny R. Cyssco, English Grammar Practice for Toefl Preparation Test
,
(Jakarta: PuspaSwara, 2004), hal: 162
Slamet Riyanto
,
Essential Grammar and Reading Strategy for Toefel Test, (Yogyakarta:Penerbit Andi, 2013) hal: 132
The + Adjective + Est
The Most + Adjective
: ﻷ
•
The most expencive
city in the word is London.
•
London is
the most expencive
city in the word.
•
Kania
is most beautiful
in this class.
-: ﻷ
•
She is
the tallest of
all the girls.
•
He is
the tallest of
all theboys.
•
This girl is
the cleverest of
all.
•
New York is
the busiest of
all.
•
London is
the most expencive of
all.
-one of the
+
superlatif
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﲨﻯ
ﻯ
: ﻷ
•
One of the greatest
singers in the word is Whitney Hoston
.
ﰲ ﺘ ﲑ
ﺘ .
ﻯﰲ ﻯﲑ ﻯﱵ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻹ ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯﲑ ﻯﱵ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
The + Superlative + of
: ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻘﺼ
Superlative
Comparative
Adjective
Last
Latter
Late
Latest
Later
Eldest
Elder
Old
Oldest
Older
Farthest
Farther
Far
Furthest
Further
Least
Less
A few
Fewest
Fewer
Few
Hinmost
Hinder
Hind
Nighest, next
Nigher
Nigh
Worst
Worse
Bad
Worst
Worse
Ill
Worst
Worse
Evil
Best
Better
Good
Most
More
Many
Most
More
Much
Least
Less
A little
Littlest
Littler
Little
: ﻷ
Rudy & Wilson, Essential English Grammar, (MahirsindoUtama, 2013) hal: 95-96
•
Positive degree
-
Yanto is as
good
as Yanti.
•
Comparative degree
-
Yanti is
better
than Yanto in class.
•
Superlative degree
-
Sita is the
best
student in class.
.
ﺰ ﳒﻹ ﰲ
ﺘ
ﺟ
١
.
ﻱﻯ
er
ﻱ
ﻱﻯ
est
ﻱ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﰲ
comparative
ﻯ
superlative
.
Superlative
Comparative
Adjective
Cleanest
Cleaner
Clean
Coldest
Colder
Cold
Oldest
Older
Old
Highest
Higher
High
Youngest
Younger
Most careless
More careless
Careless
Most stupid
More stupid
Stupid
Most expensive
More expensive
ﺼﻔ
ﺚ
ﺚﺤ
ﻣ
ﺃ
.
ﺚﺤ ﺧ ﻣ
ﻯﱵ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
.
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻀﺽ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
.
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﳊ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﲰﻯ ﻯ
ﻀﺾ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﺇ
.
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
.
ﺼﻣ ﺚﺤ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﰲﻯ
.
ﻯ
ﻘﺿ
ﻯ ﻯ ﰲﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﺇ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ. ﳒﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ
. ﳒﻹ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
.
ﲨ
ﺃ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻷ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﰲﻯ
ﻯ ﲨﻯ
ﻯ
. ﻯ
.
ﲨ ﻘ ﻃ
Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Kuantitatif dan R&D, (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2007) hal: 2 Sugiono, Memahi Penelitian Kualitatif, (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2014) hal: 2
Asep Abbas Abdullah, Metode Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra Arab, (Bandung: ITB, 2007) hal: 41
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ ﲨﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ ﳒﻹ
:ﲔ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ.
ﻯﱵ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻒ
:
ﻯ
ﻯ.
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﺀ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﲨ
. ﻯ ﻯﲑ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻓ
:
ﻯﲑ ﻯ
ﻯ.
ﻯ
ﻯ ﲨ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﺀ
ﻯﺀ
. ﻯ
ﻯ
.
ﲢ
ﻒ
.
ﻯ
:
ﻯ ﻯﲔ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ. ﳒﻹ
ﻓ
ﻯ
ﻯ.
:
ﲔ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﳒﻹ
ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ (
ﻯ ﱵ )
. ﻯ
ﻯﰒﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﱵ ﻯﺀ ﻷ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻔ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ.
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﲔ
ﻯ
ﳒﻹ
)
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﳘﻯ
ﻯﰒﻯ(
ﻯ
ﻯﱵ
.
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
.
ﻖ ﺼﺗ
ﰎﻯﱵ ﻯ
ﻯ ﺇ
ﻯ ﲨ
ﻯ،
ﻯﱃﺇﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
: ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯﰲ
ﻒ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ.
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
. ﳒﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻓ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ. ﳘ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯﲔ ﻯ
ﻯ.
.
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﳒﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﲔ
ﻔ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﺀ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ .
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﲔ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﲨﻯﰎﻯﱵ )ﻯ ﳒﻹ
ﻯﺀ ﻯ ﻯ(
.
.
ﺚﺤ ﺀ ﺇ
:ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯﺀ ﺇﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ
ﻒ
:
ﻯ
ﻯ.
ﻯ ، ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﰲﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﱵ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻯ
. ﻯ ﻯ ﻯﱵ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻓ
.
ﻯ،
ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ
ﻔ
:ﺀ ﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ.
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﰲ
ﻯ ﻯﰒﻯ.
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ . ﻯ
ﻯ
ﺑ ﺮ ﻯ ﻔ
ﻯ
ﺰ ﳒﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ ﺑﺮ ﻯ ﻯﲔﺑﻯ ﺑ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻀﻔ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﺃﻯ
.
ﺰ ﳒﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ ﺑﺮ ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ ﻀﻔ ﻯ ﻯﲔﺑﻯﻪﺑ ﺸ ﻯﻪﺟ ﺃ
ﻯ
١
.
ﻪ ﻔ ﻇ ﻯﺚ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﳘ ،
ﰲ
ﰲ
.
ﰲ
،
ﰲ
. ﺧﻷ ﳘ ﰲ
:
-ﺧ
-Jhon is taller than Jack
ﻷ
ﰲ
ﰲ
ﻱ ﻱ ﰲ ﺧ
ﺧ
ﱐ ﰲ .
Jhon
Jack
ﰲ
ﻱ
ﻱ
Jhon
ﰲ
Jhon is taller than Jack
.
: ﲝ ﰲ
ﰲ
.
ﻘﻀ
،
،
:
) ،
١٩٩٩
: (
ﺻ٤٩
•
ﺧ
ﺧ ، ﺧ ﳘ
.ﻱ ﻱ ﰲ
•
Jack is taller than Jhon
ﳘ
Jhon
Jack
،
Jhon
Jack
ﻱ ﰲ
tall
.ﻱ
ﰲ ﺧﻷ ﳘ
،
ﻀ٨
.
ﻘﻚ
•
.
ﰲ ﺧ ، ﺧ
•
Jack is taller than Jhon
،
Jack
Jhon
ﰲ
tall
.
ﰲ
،
.
ﳘ
ﺻ
.
ﻪ ﻯﺚ ﻯ
ﻯ
،
ﰲ ﻱ ﻱ
. ﳘ
٨ﻑ
ﻱ
than
ﻱ
ﰲ ﻱ
preposition
.ﻱ
than
ﻷ
٨ﻒ
ﻱ ﻱ ﻱ
. ﲟ
than
ﻱ
.
:
ﻷ
ﲪ
،
ﰲ
،
: ( ،
)
١ﺼ١
،
ﰲ
،
:
) ،
١٩٨٩
: ،(
٩٥
The Longman Dictionary team, Longman Pocket English Dictionary, (England: Person
EducationLimited, 2001), page: 558
-ﺧ
-Jhon is taller than Jack
ﺧ
ﺧ
ﻪ ﻯ ﻀﻔ ﻯ
Jhon is taller than Jack
ﺧ
ﰲ ﻱ ﻱ
ﰲ
.
٨ﺻ
.
:
ﺧ
ﰲ
.
،
،
،
،ﲑ ﰲ
:
-Jhon is taller than Jack
-Amily is taller than Jack
-Jhon more diligent than Jack
-Amily more dilligent than Jack
،
ﰲ
،
:
) ،
١٩٨٩
: ،(
٩٥
ﺧ
ﺮﻛﺬ ﻯ
ﺧ
ﺮﻛﺬ ﻯ
Jhon is taller than Jack
Jhon
ﺮﻛﺬ ﻯ
taller
ﺮﻛﺬ
than
ﻯ
Jack
Amily is taller than Jack
Amily
ﺚ ﺆ ﻯ
taller
ﺮﻛﺬ
than
ﻯ
Jhon more diligent than Jack
Jhon
ﺮﻛﺬ ﻯ
diligent
ﺮﻛﺬ
than
ﻯ
Jack
Amily more diligent than Jack
Amily
ﺚ ﺆ ﻯ
diligent
ﺮﻛﺬ
than
ﻯ
ﰲ
ﰲ ﰲ
:
ﰲ
•
ﻱ ﻱ
ﻱ ﻱ
•
ﲑ
ﻱ ﻱ
•
ﻱ ﻱ
ﻷ
ﰲ
.
ﻱ
than
ﻱ
ﰲ
.
superlative
:
ﻯ
.
ﻹ ﻯﻪﺟ ﺃ
ﺰ ﳒﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ ﺑﺮ ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ ﻀﻔ ﻯ ﻯﲔﺑﻯ ﻼ ﺧ
ﻯ
١
.
ﻪ ﻔ ﻇ ﻯﺚ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﰲ ﴰ ﲪ ﻷ
ﻷ
ﻱ ﻱ
. ﺧﻷ ﳘ ﰲ
٨ﺼ
ﻱ
ﱵ
ﰲ
degree of
"
comparation
،
.
٨٤
. ﺧﻷ
٨٥
.
٨ﺿ
:
١
(
:
She is
as tall as
my sister
as tall as
she
my sister
ﰲ ﳘ ،
ﻱ
tall
.
ﰲ ﲑ ﻱ
ﺻ
(
، ﴰ ﲪ
ﻷ
،
: ﲑ ) ،
ﻓﻑﻒﻓ
: (
ﻓ٤٤
Dhanny R. Cyssco, English Grammar Practice for Toefl Preparation Test
,
(Jakarta: PuspaSwara, 2004), hal: 162
Slamet Riyanto
,
Essential Grammar and Reading Strategy for Toefel Test, (Yogyakarta:Penerbit Andi, 2013) hal: 130
As + Adjective + As
Like
alike
:
She is
like
my sister
like
she
my sister
ﲑ ﰲ ﳘ ،
.
ﰲ
ﺼ
(
:
This radio and that radio are
the same
the same
this radio
that radio
ﰲ ﳘ ،
.
ﰲ ﲑ
، ﺧﻷ
.
ﰲ ﲑ
٤
(
:
Jakarta is
different from
Singapore
Jakarta
Singapore
.
:
ﰲ
ﲑ ،
ﰲ
ﻷ
ﰲ
. ﰲ ﺧ
٨ﻘ
.
٨٨
،
،
: ﲑ ) ،
ﻒﻚﻚﻔ
: (
١ﻚﻔ
: ،
١ﻚ٤
The same ... (as)
Different (from) / differ (from)
ﺻ
.
ﻯ
ﻪ ﻯﺚ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﰲ
:
positive
degree
comprative degree
superlative degree
ﰲ ﳜ .
ﰲ
،
.
،
،
ﰲ
ﳜ .
ﰲ
adjektive
adverb
ﺧ
er
ﰲ
comparative
ﱵ
،
،
more
comparative
٨٩
ﰲ
ﻱ
ﻱ ﲡ
ﲨ ﰲ ﲑ
،
،ﻱ ﻱ ﲡ
،
ﺧ : ،
ﻱ ﻱ
ﻚﻑ
ﲑ ﲨ
. ﲑ
. ﺧ ﰲ
ﲨ
ﳘ
ﲑ ﲑ ﲨ
ﲑ
ﰲ
ﲨ
. ﳘ ﺧ
ﻱ .
ﰲ
ﲑ
. ﳘ ﺧ ﰲ ﳘ
than
ﻱ
.
ﺧ ﲑ
Muhibbin Syah, English Grammar: Kaidah dan Pelatihan untuk Rujukan Belajar Sendiri,
(Jakarta: PT Grafindo Persada, 2006) hal: 157
،
،
ﲑ )
،
:
ﻒﻚﻚﻔ
: (
ﻒﻚﺿ
ﻱ ﻱ
ﰲ
ﰲ
.
ﲑ
٩ﻒ
ﲑ
ﰲ
ﰲ
.
ﲑ
:
-ﻷ
-Jhon is the tallest
-Amily is the tallest
،
ﰲ
:
) ،
،
١٩٨٩
: ،(
٩ﻀ
ﻷ
ﻷ
ﺮﻛﺬ ﻯ
ﺮﻛﺬ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﺚ ﺆ ﻯ
ﺚ ﺆ
Jhon is the tallest
Jhon
ﺮﻛﺬ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﺝﻯ
.
ﻯ ﺑ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﺑﺮ ﻯ
ﻯ ﰲﻯ ﻀﻔ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﰲﻯ
ﳌ
ﺰ ﳒﻹ
ﻯ
ﰲ
ﰲ
:
١
.
،
ﻷ
ﲑ ،
، ،
،
.
ﻚﻓ
ﺻ
.
ﻱ ﻱ
ﰲ
ﲑ ﰲ
.
٩ﺼ
،
،
،
: ﲑ )
ﻒﻚﻚﻔ
: (
ﻒﻚ٤
Amily is the tallest
Amily
ﺚ ﺆ ﻯ
is the tallest
ﺼ
.
ﲑ
ﰲ
.
ﻱ ﻱ ،
ﻱ ﻱ
٤
.
ﰲ
ﰲ
.
ﰲ
٥
.
adjective
ﰲ
ﲑ
.
ﰲ
،
ﰲ
:
) ،
،
١٩٨٩
: ،(
٩ﻀ
ﻣ ﳋ ﺒﻟ
ﲤ ﳋ
ﺃ
.
ﻁ ﺒﻨﺘ ﻹ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﲝﻯ ﻯ
ﻂ
ﻯ
: ﻯ ﻯ ﲝ
ﻯ
ﺺ
.
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﲔ ﻯ
ﻯ ﺟ
:
ﻯ
-ﻯ -ﻯ -ﻯ -ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﳘﻯ
ﻯ ﺧﻷ ﻯ ﻯ ﳘ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﰲﻯ ﲔ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﲔ
.ﻯ
-ﻯ
ﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﲔ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻱﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯﻱ ﻱﻯﲏ ﻯﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﳘ
than
"
ﻯ
ﻯﰲ
.
ﻯ
ﻯﰲﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ
-ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﲔ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﳘﻯ
ﻹ
ﻯﰲﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
superlative
.
ﻯ
-ﻱﻯ
ﻹ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
than
"
ﻯﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯﰲﻯ ﻯ
superlative
،
ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻱ ﻱ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻱ ﻱ ﻯ
ﻯ
.
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﺻ
.
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻹ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﲔ ﻯ
ﺧﻹ ﻯ ﺟ
ﻯ
-ﻯ
positive degree
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﲔ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﰲﻯ
. ﻯ ﺧﻷ ﻯ ﻯ ﳘ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯﲔ
ﻯ
-ﻯ ﰲ-ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻱﻯ ﻯ ﲡ
ﲏ ﻯ ﻱ ﻹ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ، ﻹ ﻯ ،ﻱ ﻱﻯ ﻯ ﲡﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻯ ﲨﻯﰲﻯ ﲑ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯﻱ ﻱﻯ
ﻯﻯ. ﻯ
ﻯ ﺟ
ﻯ،
ﻹ ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﳜ
ﻯ ﻯ
adjektive
ﻯ
ﻯ
adverb
ﻯﻯ
ﻯ ﺧ ﻯ
er
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
comparative
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
more
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
comparative
.
ﻯ
-ﻯﻱ ﻱ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﰲﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯﲑ ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻹ ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
.
ﻯ
ﺼ
.
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﰲﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﰲﻯ
ﻯ
-ﻯ
ﻯ، ﻯ
ﻷ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯﲑ ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯ، ﻯ،
ﻯ،
ﻯ. ﻯ ﻯ
ﻚﻓ
ﻯ
-ﰲﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯﻱ ﻱ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯﲑ ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
.
ﻯ
٩ﺼ
ﻯ
-ﻯ -ﻯ
ﻯﲑ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
.
ﻯﻱ ﻱﻯ ﻯ،
ﻯﻱ ﻱﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
-ﻯ -ﻯ ﲔ -ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﰲ
ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ
.
ﻯﰲﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
-ﻯ -ﻯ -ﻯ -ﻯ
adjective
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯﲑ ﻯ
.
ﻹ ﻯ ﻯﰲﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ،ﲔ ﻯ
،
ﻯ
ﻯ ﺟ
ﻯ
ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯ: ﲑ )
ﻒﻚﻚﻔ
ﻯ: ﻯ(
ﻒﻚ٤
ﻯ
ﻯ، ﺟ ﻯ
ﰲ ﻯ
ﻯ:
)ﻯ،
ﻯ،
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﺺ٩٨٩
ﻯ: ﻯ،(
٩ﻀ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
.
ﺣ ﺮﺘﻗﻹ
ﻯﰲﻯ ﲑ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ،ﷲﻯ
ﻯﷲ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯﱀ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﺟ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
.
ﻯ ﻯ ﲣ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ،
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ، ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ. ﻯ ﻯ ﻯ
ﻷ ﻯ ﻷ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ ﻯ
ﻯ ﺟ ﻯ
ﻯ ﺧ ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻯ
ﻊﺟﺍﺮﳌﺍ
ﻹﺍ
:ﺔ ﺴ ﻧﻭﺪﻧ
Abdullah, Asep Abbas. 2007.
Metode Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra Arab
:
Bandung: ITB.
Choir, Abdul. 2009.
Psikolinguistik
. Bandung: PT Rineka.
Sugiono. 2008.
Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Kuantitatif dan R&D
. Bandung:
Alfabeta.
---. 2014.
Memahi Penelitian Kualitatif
. Bandung: Alfabeta.
ﻊﺟﺍﺮﳌﺍ
ﺔ ﺰ ﳒﻹﺍ
:
Cyssco, Dhanny R. 2004
. English Grammar Practice for Toefl Preparation Test
.
Jakarta: Puspa Swara.
Hewings, Martin. 2001.
Advanced in Use
. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Riyanto, Slamet. 2013.
Essential Grammar and Reading Strategy for Toefel Test
.
Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi.
Rudy & Wilson. 2013.
Essential English Grammar
. MahirsindoUtama.
Syah, Muhibbin. 2006. English Grammar: Kaidah dan Pelatihan untuk Rujukan
