SELF DEFENSE MECHANISM OF CHRIS McCANDLESS IN INTO THE WILD BY JON KRAKAUER.

SELF

DEFENSE

MECHAI\TSM

OF CHRTS MGCANDLESS

IN

Uq2@IIED

BY

JON

KRAI(AUER

A

Thaiis

s'b"$.4

h Pdrial b

r'r$

ne,t oflhe Reqrn.n

,'t

F0

th2 Da,@

ofsejN

Sa!a

By:

IDA MARTOGIANA LIJMBANTORTI^N

116t&5115

ENGLI$E DEPIRTMENT - FACULTY

Of

LETTERS

ABSTRAK

Stripsi

ini

nenbrnas tcdmg

rckarknc

pcnahdb

din vang diambil

utuk

.rcnsatasi konUik

dd

kondisi

ikoloai Chns Mccandless seloku tokoh

uhn!

ddm

nolel yans berjudul Into lhe

wild

karya Jon KE(auer. Konnik tersebur ditenedulri olch p.mbcnlxkan elenen-clcncn

dkne

yailx id. ceo. dtur supereao. Analisa _{)ang dihadikan} p3da skipsi ini

din.I$dkan

untL& nclihat

clenen-elenen pikirdn

kririld

ye8

ncnimbulk

konflik

d

ncnbcii

dmpa!

&lm

lehidupan _{kaaliler tang menycbabkd} kdatrer nElakukM mckdismc perbnahm

dni.

Mekanisne perhhoan

din

ini

diambil untuk ne.Ahindan abnoD,alibs dalm diri kan*ter.

Ddlm

ncnsedGa novel ini, penulh menssunekan pendekah objekril

oleh

MH

Abrms

dd

teori psikologi

s6tF

ya'rg d(enrukkan oleh Sig'rund

FEud Terkait nekeismc pcnahanan diri. penulG nensaplikasikan teori lieud

rentans bentuk

bstu!

mckanisme

penalM

diri.

Unluk pcngmputm data.

Fenulis

melakuk

melod.

kaji

pusblo

dc.gM

cda

hcncdi dd

nenempulkd

buku-buku

serli dikel dtikel

ldg

berkanan dengan

to

k

lnalis.

Sedanghan

mluk nen8smlis

data !e6ebu1, penulis mensgunakan netode

kulnadl ymg

kcnudian dijabarkan den8an nensaunaka metode

Serelah

frcngealha

nolel

ini,

penulis

nenynqu&m bahw

uluk

nenyelesika.

kontir

psikoloei

yd8

dialmi

olch Chris Mccddlcss. dia

hms

meneguratd mekanhne pen

nean

di.i

daln

menBhrdei

tonnik

Dan

hdil

malhn ymg Ielal

penulh lakukan, dal'at dGimpulkan bah*a mekanisme

CIIAPTER

I

INTRODI]CTION

1.t_ Tn. Aackground of Th€ Resetrcb

Lireann

is

wo

rhat

is plwnled

in

words

Elecring in

daily life.

srared l,\at lircFtue is ore of

hmb

Abms

in

lis

b@k $e

Mimr

atrd the

Lmo

an

(Il)) lr

rsods

hmdn experjcnces.

dltms

ad

lbousnb of

hMd

bci.e

ll

al$ shoes de Dsycholosical dpecl

ofde

hme

beine in the slorv. As we knos. all hul1m beinss on dis carrb have

fien

o$n

sleilic

_Pcso.alily. Each peMn las lhei. osn p€Mn.lity thal depcnds on then own habils Moreover, in tnn Ufe

hmm

being.dnol

face his life by his

oM

wals.

'licy

need the olher ro

lulttl

$e needs of his l;le. RelatioNhip with e&h olner

sill

tatc

d

ntport!

par. in this lilc, ay dre

comuni€tio.

wilb t[€ othe6, a hman being

cd

shos then

oM

habits

od

p€nonaliq. The bad connuicalion frcm this p€ople

a

nate a

bad inpaci lo dE humd relatioffhip.

The psycholosical connict in dE €rliE

hurm

b€ins oflen

tnecl.d h

$c

other

fom

of

hdm

cEativities. Sone of _Fycnological 5sp€.t

e

Efl*led

into

liE€ry *orks. Throuei Miting a

hetut \oik,

an aulhoi

ce

indicates all evenls

olscial

liie. or people life

ed

sbows the L'xperience or iMginatio.

ofburfu

life.

lurthemo€,

lileEry work

ptenll

lhe

eflelion

of

hmm

b.ing in then

dally

lilc.

Sonre

of

psychological

$pecl

h

renec&d

in

rhe lilerary

Novel

d

popular liteEry *ork also _Ccls dE

inp

l. I oday. .ovel be.oies

rhe guide ro

Ddelfud

rhe history

6d

the

olnor's

commuily. Novel lells $e Eadc6 about the

hisry

or

m

cvcn

lhlt

h,ppcncd in lh€

pst.

It

c

be thc

hisr.dcal evcnt or refletion from de audor life or his

mnneity.

Even. au6or's

expe.i€nes

dd

all 1bc psycholosicd

onflids

have

ben

sto*ing in his novcl. Thc audrols onnict lhaL ieiects in novel b€cones the main thene lnd the nain dara ol lnc psychologicdl dev€lopnetu Lom lhe chddclcc. Mosdy

llc chmclfi

in a novel is a

rtplMlalion

fion the author's life, expelience o. his

mnnuiry

Nevedheless, sonerin€s lhe author tates the

scial

life in his

comdily

d

the

As a

ftirr,

lor

KFkauer

hd

don€ the sme thing. Hc cxplain 1be novel

bsed on sonebody s life experience in his ommunity. The enti€ evenr in his

lile

b€comes thc bsic data for his novel. Jon

kaleue.

pnls thc psychological

iss

6

rhc md,n rheme lor hjs novelespecially (1e46) Inr"

fi.

Wird i5a nolcl abour tbe psycbological

mntici

thar happ€n in its main ch8mter, CMs

McC

akss. This novel is l€llins sboui nysterioN lile ot Cn;noPher John$. M.a.ndiess

I.

this nolel. Jon Kmlauer d€scribes Chns Mccandlesssa bnlliant

and cones

lion

nch

fmily.

His larhd. wall Mccddless

hs

dcrJlhins. Hc sel up

a

sood

lutue

for

his

en

by

6kins

him

lo tollo{

aU his ru16. walr

Mcc

dless

is

also

dling hin

lo

role o

law $h@1.

Unforimt€lr. cMs

Mccmdl$s

dm

mr

wst

to

follo{

his

penfs

tules It

n.les

the psychological

onllicr

ofhid.

Fin lly, hc decid€d to l€ave his family. H€ wenl lo lhe wildmess,

ehJnJ4h'ne hc has. He bumed h s

.rdn.rr.s

well

CHAPTER

IV

coNct,IisIoN

hy Jnn Krdla@, I cnnclu'le &ot drh nolcl descibed aboul the pslch.logical conllic! ol tbe nuin rhracler. Chris

Mccodlcss

lhc

imporimr issue

in

rhis novcl

is

about

thc

elf

dclensc

nechdisd ol Chris Mccddless. I _eel

r

tull de$npion of kinds of sclf defense

msh

isms thar G pFsen'ed by

Jln

KEIauer in hi\ novel Inh ihe

wii.l

s.lf

delense necb&ism becontes patholqical only wbcn ils pcsislcnt use le.ds to naladaplive behlvior such thd rhe phtrsical or nenlal

hslth ollhe

individual is

,dve

ely af@tcd. The purpose of rhe self defensc nochmisns is to protecl lhe mind Gon

uiery,

sial

seclions or lo prcvidc a reluge aon a situti(,n riLh

Rhich one

cmor

cuftntly

cope. Sell delense

hechdisn

itself

cd

be tatcn by cao to evc his nind fron

uiely

Tncy de more accuralely EferEd to

6

self defcnsc mcchdisms- lDd

c

lhu

be calesoriud

a e.rinC

when 1he id impul*s ae in conflict wirb

each other, *hen lhe id inpulses conuict with sup€Feso values and belicfs,

dd

{hen

e

extemal threat is posed lo the eso. 'fhc _lsy.he

a.e,

id @d the sup€.ego

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abrans,

M

H. The

Miror

dd

lhc

L4p.

London: Oxford Univcisiry

?Es.

1953.

Rressl€r,

cndbs

E.

Lilcrd

Cridcnn: An Inaodpclion to TheoB lnd Practie.

2'r!d.

N'e{ Jesey: lrenti.e Hall, I994

Dalidon

L

Linda. lnfioduction

lo

Psvchololv. 2!d Ed.

JrpM,

Mcc.anjll

Inlemalional Book Comp _t.1980

Diymi.

Roben. LiteEtu€: Readine Fiction.

Poerv.

d

Dlma

Conpacl Ed

Emoorc. Reo(tions on now

j8nud

ft.udk

fieones

stdd

up

in

nodem sociery Onljne.lnrmet 7Ja.2010.

Avtllble

URI :

lrcuds-lhco;ceslmd-up-i.-oodem-society.htrn

Endrdwara Susmdi. Mctodolopi Penelirid

S$te

D.islenoloqv. Modct. Teon.

d!!l!!lit!!l

Yosyatarla: FBS Univc^ibs N.s.i YoBlakart4 2001.

Fldae&.

MdL

e9!44pa!4

!r!c!?!!!e-

Onhrc. Iniemet. 16 July. 2010

hnp//w.conrenmtaln.about.con/bio/ndk

lrlua!

9llo.htn

cuenn. wilGrd L.,

er.l.

A

Hmdb.ok

.lcntical

Ap.roaeh to Lit€ntue. NeB

Yo.k: Oxfod Universiq Press. I 992.

Hnsc[

Emile. lnto l]re

wild:

Belv@n Book

bd

Molie.'

Odine. intcmel.

l0

No!

2009 Avaihble tlRL: