IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING COMPETENCE
BY USING COOPERATIVE LEARNING
(AN ACTION RESEARCH AT THE SECOND GRADE STUDENTS OF
SMPN I KARANGDOWO, IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2012/2013 )
Written by:
Irfan Nugroho
X2209023
Thesis
Presented as Partial Requirements for the Undergraduate Degree of
Education in Teacher Training and Education Faculty of
Sebelas Maret University
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
ii
PRONOUNCEMENT
I would like to certify that the thesis entitled “IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING COMPETENCE BY USING COOPERATIVE LEARNING
(An Action Research at the Second Grade Students of SMPN I
Karangdowo, in the Academic Year of 2012/2013)” is really m y own wo rk.
It is not plagiarism or made by others. Ever ything related to other’s wo rk are written in quotation, the source of which are listed in biblio graphy.
Surakarta, 05 July 2013
ABSTRACT
Irfan Nugroho.X2209023.Improving Students’ Speaking Competence by Using Cooperative Learning (An Action Research at the Second Grade Students of SMPN I Karangdowo, Klaten, in the Academic Year of 2012/2013). A Thesis, Surakarta: Teac her Training and Education Faculty o f Seb elas Maret University, 2013.
The present research is aimed at: (1) investigating whether or not cooperative learning is able to impro ve the students’ speaking co mpetence; and (2) describing the application of cooperative learning principles in effort to improve students’ speaking comp etence.
Categorized as a classro om action research, the present research was undertaken at Class VIIIC of SM PN 1 Karangdowo, Klaten starting fro m January until M arch 2013. Two kinds of d ata were u sed in the present research. The q ualitative data were used to get non-academic insights relating to the present research. These data were compiled from questionnaire, interviews, and observation. The second typ e of data used in the p resent research was the quantitative data, which took the forms of academic data compiled through hold ing a series of test comprising p re-test, cycle I p ost-re-test, and cycle II post-test.
The present research unveils so me findings. Amongst them is that the use of cooperative learning could improve the students’ speaking co mp etence. The mean score of the pre-test resu lts is counted at 33; while the mean score of c ycle I post-test is counted at 78; and the mean sco re of c ycle II post-post-test is at 88. Imp rovement also takes place in fou r ind icato rs of speaking competence being investigated in the present research; grammar competence, discou rse comp etence, sociolinguistic comp etence, and strategic co mpetence.
Another finding of the present research also reveals that the right applicatio n of cooperative learning principles in the prese nt research greatly influences the impro vement of the students’ speaking competence. Cooperative learning has some distinctive principles that support the efforts to impro ve stud ents’ speaking co mpetence. Certain class stru ctures are best u sed to teach grammar co mpetence, discourse competence, strategic competence, or sociolinguistic co mp etence. Cooperative learning is best for the students to practice the language knowledge in mind through simulated and meaningful activities that requires the use of grammar, discourse, strategic, and sociolinguistic co mpetences.
vi MOTTO
DEDICATION
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alha mdulilla hirabbil’a la miin… Praise is only to Allah Ta’ala, The Lord
of the Universe, Who always blesses the writer in finishing his thesis as a p artial
requirement for the Undergraduate Degree of Educatio n in English Dep artment.
The writer wants to express special gratitude to those who had given their
help, guidance and support in writing this thesis.
1.The Dea n of Teacher Training and Education Faculty.
2.The Head of English Dep artment.
3.Dr. Abdu l Asib, M.Pd , as the first consultant.
4.Dewi Sri Wahyuni, S. Pd , M. Pd, as the second consultant.
5.The lecturers in English Education Program.
6.The teachers, staffs, and students of SMPN 1 Karangdowo.
7.His fam ily, friends, and those who are impo ssibly all mentio ned.
The researcher realizes that this thesis is still far from being perfect. He
accep ts gratefully every comment and suggestion. Ho pefully, this thesis will b e
useful for the readers and English ed ucation improvement.
Surakarta, 5th July 2013
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION... 1
A. The background of the Stud y... 1
B. Problem Statement ... 5
C. Objectives of the Study ... 5
D. Benefits of the Study ... 6
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ... 7
A. Speaking ... ... 7
3.Principles of Coop erative Learning ... 24
4.Some Cooperative Learning Techniq ues ... 35
x
CHAPTER III RESEARCH M ETHODOLOGY ... 40
A. Research Setting ... 40
B. Research Ob ject ... 40
C. Research Method ... .. 40
D. Research Procedures ... 41
E. Research Data ... 43
F. Techniqu e of Data Collection ... 44
G. Techniqu e of Data Analysis ... 45
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSS ION ... 48
A. Research Findings ... 48
1. Pre-Research Phase… …… …… …… ……… …… … …....51
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION, IM PLICATION AND SUGGES TIONS ... 121
A. Co nclusion ... 121
B. Implication ... 124
C. Suggestions ... ... 125
BIBLIOGRAP HY ... 128
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 . Interview with S choo l Official Teacher (Transcript) ... 134
Appendix 2. Pre-Research Observatio n (Classroom and Class Situations).…..137
Appendix 3. Pre-Research Observatio n (Questionnaire Recap) ... 137
Appendix 4. Pre-Test Form_-_Blank ... 140
Appendix 5. Pre-Test Score Recap ... 141
Appendix 6. Cooperative Groups for Cycle I ... ... 143
Appendix 7. Lesso n P lans ... 144
Appendix 8. Field Notes ... 172
Appendix 9. Sample of Students’ Cycle I Post-Test... 213
Appendix 10. Cycle I Post-Test Score Recap ... 217
Appendix 11. Cooperative Groups for Cycle II ... 217
Appendix 12. Sample of Students Cycle II Post-Test Scrip t ... 218
Appendix 13. Recap of Cycle II Post-Test Score ... 223
Appendix 14. Recap of Score from Pre-Test, Cycle I PTest, and Cycle II P ost-Test ... ... ... 224
Appendix 15. Table of Improvement in Each Co mp etence ... 225
Appendix 16. Photo Gallery ... ... 226
