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ABSTRAK
PERLINDUNGAN SUMBER DAYA GENETIK, PENGETAHUAN
TRADISIONAL, DAN EKSPRESI BUDAYA TRADISIONAL DALAM
DOHA DEVELOPMENT AGENDA
DAN PENGARUHNYA
TERHADAP KEPENTINGAN INDONESIA
Permasalahan hukum mengenai Sumber Daya Genetik, Pengetahuan Tradisional, dan Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional (SDG-PT-EBT) telah menjadi isu global dan lebih dari satu dekade menjadi fokus diskursus pada setiap forum diskusi di tingkat nasional dan internasional. CBD merupakan salah satu konvensi internasional yang mengatur tentang keberadaan Sumber Daya Genetik. Nagoya
Protocol memperkuat keberadaan CBD terkait pembagian keuntungan terhadap akses dari Sumber Daya Genetik dan Pengetahuan Tradisional yang terkait. Akan tetapi, kedua instrumen Hukum Internasional tersebut belum mampu menjadi landasan yuridis yang kokoh untuk melindungi Sumber Daya Genetik, Pengetahuan Tradisional, dan Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional (SDG-PT-EBT). Kehadiran TRIPS Agreement yang tidak mengatur tentang Sumber Daya Genetik, Pengetahuan Tradisional, dan Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional (SDG-PT-EBT) pada gilirannya menjadi benturan terhadap CBD. Tumpang tindihnya pengaturan antara TRIPS dan CBD menjadi permasalahan yang tidak bertepi dan cenderung dilematis.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa studi kepustakaan untuk mendapatkan bahan-bahan atau data-data sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer maupun bahan hukum sekunder yang dianalisis secara kualitatif.
Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Sumber Daya Genetik, Pengetahuan Tradisional, dan Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional (SDG-PT-EBT) memiliki nilai ekonomis dan menjadi salah satu komoditas perdagangan dunia. Paragraf 19
Doha Ministerial Declaration/Doha Development Agenda menjadi landasan WTO untuk melakukan pembahasan mengenai Sumber Daya Genetik, Pengetahuan Tradisional, dan Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional (SDG-PT-EBT). Perbedaan kepentingan dan pandangan antara negara maju dan negara berkembang terhadap Sumber Daya Genetik, Pengetahuan Tradisional, dan Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional menjadi penyebab timbulnya kebuntuan negosiasi dalam pembahasan
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ABSTRACT
THE PROTECTION OF GENETIC RESOURCES, TRADITIONAL
KNOWLEDGE, AND TRADITIONAL CULTURAL EXPRESSIONS IN
DOHA DEVELOPMENT AGENDA AND ITS INFLUENCE ON
INTEREST OF INDONESIA
Legal issues concerning Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge, and Traditional Cultural Expressions (GR-TK-TCes) has become a global issue and over the last decade become the focus discourse on any forum discussion at national and international level. CBD is one of the international conventions governing the existence of Genetic Resources. Nagoya Protocol strengthen the presence of CBD related to the sharing of benefits from access to Genetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge related. However, both instruments of international law is not capable of being strong juridical basis to protect Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions (GR-TK-TCes). The presence of the TRIPS Agreement that are not set on Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions (GR-TK-TCes) in turn impact on the CBD. Overlapping arrangement between TRIPS and the CBD became a problem that is not trimmed and tended dilemma.
The approaching method used was a normative juridical approach with the specification of descriptive analytical research. The data collection techniques used during this research were the library research to obtain materials or secondary data such as a primary and secondary legal materials which were analyzed qualitively.
This study concludes that Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions (GR-TK-TCes) have economic value and be one of the world's commodities trade. Paragraph 19 Doha Ministerial Declaration/Doha Development Agenda-WTO became the basis for a discussion on Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions (GR-TK-TCes). Differences of interest and views between developed and developing countries on Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions (GR-TK-TCes) become the cause of the deadlock in the negotiations the Doha Development Agenda discussions. Indonesia as a mega biodiversty country and country that has a non-natural form of cultural wealth in large numbers have an interest in Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions (GR-TK-TCes). Therefore, the Government of Indonesia as the bearers of responsibility to protect the whole people of Indonesia and the entire homeland of Indonesia, and in order to advance general prosperity, must make efforts at the national and international level to protect Genetic Resources,
Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions (GR-TK-TCes) belongs
