مﺎﻜﺣأنﺎﺧﺪﻟا أحكام الدخانوالمتعلقات به في الفقه الإسلامي الرسالة المقدمةلنيلدرجةماجستير في برنامج الشريعة الإسلامية قسمالفقهو أصولهبجامعةسو راكرتاالمحمدية (Hukum Rokok dan Yang Berkaitan Dengannya Didalam Fiqh Islam).

(1)

i

مﺎﻜﺣأ

نﺎﺧﺪﻟا

ﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻟاو

تﺎ

ﻪﺑ

ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹا ﻪﻘﻔﻟا ﻲﻓ

ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟا ﳌا

ﺔﻣﺪﻘ ﻠﻴﻨﻟ ﲑﺘﺴﺟﺎﻣﺔﺟرﺪ ﰲ

ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹا ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟا ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ

ﻮﻬﻘﻔﻟﺎﻤﺴﻗ أ

ﺳﺔﻌﻣﺎﺠﺒﳍﻮﺻ ﻮ

ﺔﻳﺪﻤﶈاﺎﺗﺮﻛار

داﺪﻋإ

ﻮﻨﺗرﻮﺳ

ﺪﻴﻘﻟا ﻢﻗر

: 0000090004

ﲑﺘﺴﺟﺎﻣ ﰲ

ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻟا ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸ ﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹا ﺔ

ﺳﺔﻌﻣﺎﺠﺒﳍﻮﺻأﻮﻬﻘﻔﻟﺎﻤﺴﻗ ﻮ

ﺔﻳﺪﻤﶈاﺎﺗﺮﻛار

2013

م

– 1434

ـﻫ

(2)

ii

(3)

iii

(4)

iv

(5)

v

(6)

(7)

vii

ءاﺪﻫإ

ﱃإ رﺪﺼﻟا و لﺎﺒﻟا صﻮﻠﲞ ﻊﺿاﻮﺘﳌا ﺚﺤﺒﻟا اﺬﻫ ىﺪﻫأ

:

ﺔﻧﻮﻨﳊا ﰐﺪﻟاوو بﻮﺒﶈا ىاﺪﻟاو

ﱐﺎﻴﺑرو ﱐﺎﺑّﺬﻫ ناﺬﻟا ﻰﺴﻋ ،نﻵا ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺎﻧأ ﺎﻣ نﻮﻛأ نأ ﱃإ ﺎﳘﱪﺻ ﻞﻜﺑو ﺔﲪﺮﻟاو ﻖﻓﺮﻟﺎﺑ

ﰲ حﺎﺠﻨﻟا ﺎﻤﳍ ﷲا ﺐﺘﻛو ﺎﻬﻗازرأ ﻊ ّﺳﻮﻳ و ﺎﻤﳍﺎﻤﻋأ ﰲ ﺎﻤﻬﻘّﻓﻮﻳ و ﺎﻤ ﻮﻧذ ﷲا ﺮﻔﻐﻳ نأ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻨﳉا ﺎﻤﻬﻠﺧﺪﻳو ﺎﳘرﻮﻣأ ﻞﻛ

و ءاﺪﻬﺸﻟا ﲔﳊﺎﺼﻟا

.

ﱄإو

:

أ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟاو دﺎﺷرﻹاو ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﲔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟا ماﺮﻜﻟا ﻰﺗﺬﺗﺎﺳأ ﻊﻴﲪ ﺔﻌﻓﺎﻨﻟا مﻮﻠﻌﻟا عاﻮﻧ

.

ﱃإو

:

ﺲﻔﻧ ﰲ ةﺬﺗﺎﺳﻷا ﻊﻴﲨو ،ءﺎﺒﺣﻷا ﻰﺋﺎﻗﺪﺻأو ﻰﺗﻮﺧإو ﱏاﻮﺧإ ﺔﻴﻣﺎﺴﻟا ﱏﺎﻌﳌا ﻞﻛ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا ،ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻦﻳرﻮﻛﺬﳌا ﲑﻏ ناﻮﺧﻹا ﻊﻴﲨو ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉا ﺲﻔﻧ ﰲ ﰊﺎﺤﺻأو ﺔﺳرﺪﳌا

ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﰎأ نأ ﱃإ تﺎﻧﻮﻌﳌا ﻞﻜﺑ ﱏﻮﻌﻓد

.

ﺚﺤﺒﻟا اﺬﻫ يﺪﻫأ ﺎﻌﻴﲨ ﻢﻬﻴﻟإ ﻊﺿاﻮﺘﳌا

ﰲ ﻢﻬﻘﻓﻮﻳو بﻮﻧﺬﻟا ﻢﳍ ﺮﻔﻐﻳ نأ ﷲا ﱃإ ﺎﻴﻋاد

مﻮﻠﻌﻟاو ﺔﳊﺎﺼﻟا لﺎﻤﻋﻷاو ﺔﻴﻣﺎﺴﻟا ﻞﻣﻵا ﻢﳍ ﻖﻘﳛ نأ ﷲا ﻦﻣ ﺎﻴﺟارو لﺎﻤﻋﻷا ﺔﻌﻓﺎﻨﻟا

.

ّبر ﷲ ﺪﻤﳊاو ﲔﳌﺎﻌﻟا

.

(8)

viii

ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺘﻟاو ﺮﻜﺸﻟا ﺔﻤﻠﻛ

ا ﲑﺧ ﻰﻠﻋ مﻼﺴﻟاو ةﻼﺼﻟاو ﲔﳌﺎﻌﻟا ّبر ﷲ ﺪﻤﳊا ،ﻢﻴﺣﺮﻟا ﻦﲪﺮﻟا ﷲا ﻢﺴﺑ ﲔﻠﺳﺮﳌ

ﺎﻋد ﻦﻣو ﻪﺒﺤﺻو ﻪﻟآ ﻰﻠﻋو ﲔﳌﺎﻌﻠﻟ ﺔﲪر ﷲا ﻪﻠﺳرأ ىﺬﻟا ﺪ ّ ﻤﳏ ﺎﻧﺪﻴﺳ ﲔﻴﺒﻨﻟا ﰎﺎﺧو ﺪﻌﺑو ﻦﻳﺪﻟا مﻮﻳ ﱃإ نﺎﺴﺣﺈﺑ ﻩاﺪ ىﺪﺘﻫاو ﻪﺗﻮﻋﺪﺑ

.

ءاﺮﻘﻟاو ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻠﻟ ﺔﻌﻓﺎﻧ نﻮﻜﺗ نأ ﻰﺴﻋ ،ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺖﲤ ﻪﻧﻮﻋو ﷲا مﺎﻌﻨﺑ ﻪﻧﺈﻓ ﺎﻌﻴﲨ ﺔﻣﻷاو

.

ﻟا اﺬﻫ نأ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟا ﺮﻜﻨﻳ ﻻ ﺎﳑو ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﺔﻧوﺎﻌﲟ ﻻإ ّ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻻو نﻮﻜﻳﻻ ﺎﳕإ ﻞﻤﻌ

ّدﻮﻳ ،ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﺒﺘﻛ مﺎﲤ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﲟ ﻚﻟﺬﻠﻓ ،ةﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﲑﻏ وأ ةﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻪﻟ ﱃإ ﻪﺋﺎﻨﻗ ﺺﻟﺎﺧو ،ﻩﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗ ﻢﻴﻈﻋو ،ﻪﻣاﺮﻛإ ﻊﻴﻓرو ،ﻩﺮﻜﺷ ﻞﻳﺰﺟ مﺪﻘﻳ نأ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟا

:

1

.

ﺎﻗ ﺪﻗ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا ،ﺔﻳﺪﻤﶈا ﺎﺗﺮﻛارﻮﺳ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉ ﲔﺴﺳﺆﳌا ءﺎﻘﺷﻷا تادﺎﺳ ﻩﺬﻫ ءﺎﻨﺒﺑ اﻮﻣ

ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟا ﰊﺮﻳو ﻪﻴﻓ ﻢﻠﻌﺗ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺔﻔﻳﺮﺸﻟا ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉا

.

2

.

ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉ اﺬﻫ ّ ﻲﻗﺮﻟ ﻢﻫﺪﻬﺟ اﻮﻟﺬﺑ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا ،ﺔﻳﺪﻤﶈا ﺎﺗﺮﻛارﻮﺳ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉ ءﺎﺳؤر ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ ﺔﻳﺪﻤﶈا ﺎﺗﺮﻛارﻮﺳ

.

3

.

،ﺔﻳﺪﻤﶈا ﺎﺗﺮﻛارﻮﺳ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﻳﺪﻣ ،ﻲﺟﺎﻴﺘﺳ ﺞﻧﺎﺒﻣﺎﺑ رﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟا ذﺎﺘﺳﻷا ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﻨﻟا ﺖﻔﻟ ﺔﻴﳘأ ﱃإ رﺎﺷﺄﻓ ،ﺚﺤﺒﻟا ﺔﻄﺧ داﺪﻋإ ﺬﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﻀﻓ مﺪﻘﺗ يﺬﻟا ﻦﻣ مﺪﻗ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻠﻋو ،ﺚﺤﺒﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺎﻬﺘﳉﺎﻌﻣ دوأ ﱵﻟا ﺔﻤﻬﳌا ﻞﺋﺎﺴﳌا ﺾﻌﺑ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ تﺎﻈﺣﻼﻣو ﺔﺴﻴﻔﻧ تﺎﻬﻴﺟﻮﺗ

(9)

ix

4

.

ذﺎﺘﺳﻷا ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ ﺘﻛﺪﻟا

جﺎﳊا رﻮ ﺴﺒﻟا ﷲا ﻦﻳد ﲔﻌﻣ ﺪﻤﳏ

يﺮ

MA,

،

ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺪﻴﻤﻋ

ﲑﺘﺴﺟﺎﻣ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹاﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟا

يﺬﻟا ،ﺔﻳﺪﻤﶈا ﺎﺗﺮﻛارﻮﺳ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﲜ ﻪﻟﻮﺻأو ﻪﻘﻔﻟا ﻢﺴﻗ

ﻞﻴﲨو ﻩرﺪﺻ ﺔﻌﺳو ﻪﻌﻴﺠﺸﺗ قﺪﺻو ﻪﺘﺒﺤﺻ ﺺﻟﺎﺧو ﻪﺗدﻮﻣ ءﺎﻔﺻ ﻦﻣ تﺪﺟو ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟا ﺔﻠﺻاﻮﻣو ﺚﺤﺒﻠﻟ ﻢﺋاد ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﲏﺜﳛﺎﻣ ،ﻩﱪﺻ

.

5

.

ﺪﻤﳏ جﺎﳊا رﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟا ذﺎﺘﺳﻷا ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ ﻦﺴﺣ ﻖﻟﺎﳋا ﺪﺒﻋ

MA,M.Ed,

ىﺬﻟا ،

ةﺮﺜﻛ ﻊﻣ ﻊﺿاﻮﺘﳌا ﺚﺤﺒﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺪﻟا ﺔﻌﺟاﺮﳌاو مﺎﺘﻟا فاﺮﺷﻹﺎﺑ ﻞﻀﻔﺗ ﻞﻏﺎﺸﳌا

.

6

.

اﻮﻣﺎﻗو ﺎ رادﻹ ﻢﻫﺪﻬﺟ اﻮﻟﺪﺑ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉا ﻩﺬﻫ ﰱ ﻦﻳﺮﺿﺎﶈا ﻊﻴﲨ تادﺎﺳ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟاو ﺔﻴﺑﱰﻟﺎﺑ

.

7

.

ﻬﺘﺣﺎﺑﺈﺑ اﻮﻠﻀﻔﺗ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا ﻪﻳﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣو ﺔﺳرﺪﳌا ﺐﺘﻜﻣ ﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ ﺔﺻﺮﻔﻟا ﻢ

ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺐﺘﻜﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ عﻼﻃﻺﻟ

.

8

.

ﺔﺒﻴﺒﳊا ﱵﺟوز ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧو ،يدﻻوأ ﱃإ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ،ﱃﺎﻌﺗ ﷲا ﺎﻤﻬﲪر ﻲّﻣأو ﰊأ اﺬﻫ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﻢ ﺎﻗوأ ﻦﻣ اﲑﺜﻛ اﻮﻋﻮﻄﺗ ﺎﳑ ،ﰐﺎﻴﺣ ﺔﻜﻳﺮﺷ ﰐﺎﻴﺣ رﻮﻧ ﱵﻴﺑ ﰲ ﻞﺻاﻮﻧ ﲏﻠﻌﳚ ﻞﻣﺎﻜﻟا صﻼﺧﻹاو ﻞﺻاﻮﺘﳌا ﺚﳊاو يﻮﻨﻌﳌا ﻢﻋﺪﻟﺎﻓ ،ﺚﺤﺒﻟا برﺪﻟا

(10)

x

9

.

ﲑﺘﺴﺟﺎﻣ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﰲ ﺔﺒﻠﻄﻟا ﻲﺋﻼﻣز ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹاﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟا

ﻪﻟﻮﺻأو ﻪﻘﻔﻟا ﻢﺴﻗ

ﻢﻫاﺰﺟو ﺎﻌﻴﲨ ﻢﳍ ءﺎﻋﺪﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻧوﺮﻘﻣ يﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗو يﺮﻜﺷ ،ﺔﻳﺪﻤﶈا ﺎﺗﺮﻛارﻮﺳ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ اﲑﺧ ﷲا

.

10

.

مﺎﲤإ ﰱ ﺔﻳﻮﻨﻌﳌاو ﺔﻳدﺎﳌا ﺔﻧﻮﻌﳌا ىﺪﻳأ اوﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا ماﺮﻜﻟا ﻲﺋﺎﻗﺪﺻأو ﰐاﻮﺧإ ﻫ ﻢﻫﺮﻛذأ نأ ﻰﻠﻋ رﺪﻗأ ﱂو ﺚﺤﺒﻟا اﺬﻫ ﺎﻨ

.

ﲔﺗدﺎﻌﺴﺑ ﺮﻓوأ ءاﺰﺟ ﻢﻬﻳﺰﳚو ،ﲑﳋا ﻢﳍ ﱃﺎﻌﺗ ﷲا ﻰﻄﻌﻳ نأ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟا ﻮﺟﺮﻳو ،اﺬﻫ ﻊﻔﻨﻳو ﱘﺮﻜﻟا ﻪﻬﺟﻮﻟ ﺎﺼﻟﺎﺧ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا ﻞﻌﳚ نأ ﱃﺎﻌﺗو ﻪﻧﺎﺤﺒﺳ ﱃﻮﳌا لﺄﺴﻳ ﰒ ﻦﻳراﺪﻟا ﰱ

ﲔﳌﺎﻌﻟا برﺎﻳ ﲔﻣآ ،ﲔﻌﲨأ ﲔﺋرﺎﻘﻠﻟ

.

،ﺎﺗﺮﻛارﻮﺳ

ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟا

)

ﻮﻨﺗرﻮﺳ

(

(11)

xi

Abstract

The most population of Muslim countriesin the world and especially in our country, Indonesia, are habitual smoker. It’s damage and make the soul, spirit, and body to the causes of death due to smoking. We found differences in provisions on smoking and provisions belongings in Islamic jurisprudence. This requires deep research to this topic especially regarding justice and a binding ruling of religius in the smoke and related what happensin the human society.

The type of research that carried out by the researcher of this study is literature research, and to analyze those facts, the researcher took the following approaches are: Descriptive Method, Inductive Method and Analysis Method.

By this research the researcher was deduce that the rule of current issues in the community because of the smoke in Islamic jurisprudence such as selling smoke and the cultivation and giving fasting break by smoking, company from dealing with smoker,scholarship from Tobacco Company,Therapeutics smoke and the leadership of smoker is proscribed, by this the researcher was agree by the reason who proscribed it and their evidence.The researcher sure that smoke damage are greater than it’s benefit. Whereas acording to the researcher the provisions ofthe problems that was happened in the society as the prohibition of husband on their wife to smoke is the duty, and causing smoke garlic and onions when the researcher is not appropriate. The smoke is harmful to body and mind, health, money and other, and long as the well is absolutely proscribed to drink and chew also the cultivation, manufacture, sale and purchase and also inhalant to nose as it’s inhalant snuff.

(12)

xii

(Inductive Method) و

ﺞﻬﻨﳌا

ﻟا ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘ (Analysis Method)

(13)

xiii

تﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻤﻟا سﺮﻬﻓ

عﻮﺿﻮﳌا

ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻟا

فﻼﻏ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا

I

فﺮﺸﳌا لﻼﻬﺘﺳا

II

ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟا راﺮﻗا

V

ﺚﺤﺒﻟا رﺎﻌﺷ

VI

ءاﺪﻫا

VII

ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺘﻟاو ﺮﻜﺸﻟا ﺔﻤﻠﻛ

VIII

ﺚﺤﺒﻟا ﺺﺨﻠﻣ

XI

تﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌا سﺮﻬﻓ

XIV

لوﻷا بﺎﺒﻟا

:

ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌا

1

أ

.

ﺚﺤﺒﻟا ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺧ

1

ب

.

ﺚﺤﺒﻟا تﻼﻜﺸﻣ

3

(14)

(15)

(16)

(17)

xvii

ج

.

ﻩﲑﻏ و ﻪﺗاﺬﻟ مﺮﳏ نﺎﺧﺪﻟا

205

سدﺎﺴﻟا بﺎﺒﻟا

:

مﺎﺘﺘﺧﻻا

210

أ

.

ﺚﺤﺒﻟا ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ

210

ب

.

تﺎﻴﺻﻮﺘﻟا

211

ردﺎﺼﳌا ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﻊﺟاﺮﳌاو

213