Lilik B. Prasetyo
DEPT. FOREST RESOURCES CONSERVATION FORESTRY FACULTY http://lbprastdp.staff.ipb.ac.id/lecture/seminar/
I
S
T
HERE
F
OREST
TRANSITION IN JAVA ?:
L
ESSON
L
EARNT
FROM
KUNINGAN DISTRICT
• Shifting from Deforestation to Reforestation (Mather, Fairbairn & Needle, 1999) • The passage from net
deforestation to net reforestation (Mather, 2008)
• ….. de lines in forest cover cease and recoveries in forest cover begin (Rudel et al. 2005)
Forest Transition
Forest Transition Theory:
Driving Force
• Shifting local use (pre-industrial) to need of urban-industrial state (Mather, Fairbairn & Needle, 1999)
From Fuel wood -> gas/fossil fuel/electricity
• Agricultural intensification, technological improvement and rural
exodus (Mather, 1999)
Concentration agriculture in good land with better technology & abandon the poor land lead reforestation (also due to migration to urban area )
• Perception & paradigms shift (Mather, 1999)
Shifting paradigms from forest as logs to forest for environmental services (water resources, flood mitigation, biodiversity, aesthetic value ar on sto k …. Etc)
(Source : FRA, 2010)
Reforestation Countries : China, Philippine, Vietnam
What is happening
1990-1996 1996-2000 2000-2003 2003-2006
Deforestation (million ha/year)
Deforestation (million
Topic of Research Umbrella :
Conditions for successful implementation of participatory forest management and the impact on forest resource (Period: 2009-2011, Location: Indonesia, Nepal and India)
Background: Previous studies finding : India and Indonesia led to the forest Infrastructure hypothesis.
FI consist of demarcated forest land, administration system and institution, and technocrats to support the system
FI is one of the prerequisites/enabling condition of Participatory Forest Management (PFM) introduction (success of PFM).
India and Java fit to this FI hypothesis.
•
Whether PFM actually contributes to
the increase of forest cover or
reforestation
•
PFM in Kuningan = PHBM (
Pengelolaan
Sumberdaya Hutan Bersama Masyarakat
/
Management of Forest Resources with
Community (/hereinafter called
PHBM)
Objectives
of the Research Umbrella:
What is Kuningan District look like ?
Agriculture
Forestry (teak)
Good transportation mode Good accessibility in rural areas
Tourist destination areas (Hot water)
Rural settlement infrastructure
Forest (Natural/
Secondary) Teak Plantation Pine Plantation Mixed Garden
Paddy Field Bush & Grass
Upland & Bareland
LAND USE/LAND COVER TYPES
LULC analysis :
Landsat TM 5 of The Study Area 1997
1999
2002
17%
25% 19% 21%
14% 3% 1%
Land-use/Land cover Proportion in 1997
Forest
Mixed Garden
Grass & Shrubs
Upland & bareland
Paddy Field
Land-use/land cover Proportion in 1999
Forest
Mixed Garden
Grass & Shrubs
Upland & bareland
Paddy Field
Land-use/land cover
Forest
Mixed Garden
Grass & Shrubs
Upland & bareland
Paddy Field
Settlement
32%
Land-use/land cover Proportion in 2009
Forest
Mixed Garden
Grass & Shrubs
Upland & bareland
Paddy Field rakyat) larger than State forest (Hutan negara)
FI contributed to reforestation
Study PHBM Non PHBM State Non State 1999
2002 2009
0.00 5,000.00 10,000.00 15,000.00 20,000.00 25,000.00 30,000.00
1997 1999 2002 2009 Forest
1999 is the turning point to reforestation, refer to Forest Transition Theory
Factor Contributed to Reforestation
PHBM areas ( already proved from House hold survey)
• Clear property rights by the acknowledgement of State Forest’s oundary
• Increasing confidence of farmer to manage the land • Current and future benefits of PHBM for farmers
Non PHBM (& Probably in PHBM areas) : Unproved !
• Decrease of fuel wood demand -> replace by subsidized gas • Economics incentives -> logs price due to wood scarcity • Temporary migration to urban/Part time farming -> shifting from food crops to Trees
