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THE INTERPRETATION OF JOHN DONNE POEMS

A PAPER BY

EKO SISWANTO REG.NO 112202020

DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDY

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN

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Approved by

Supervisor,

Dra. Siamir Marulafau, M. Hum NIP: 195805171985 1 003

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Study

University of Sumatera Utara

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Diploma-III in English Study Program

Approved by

Head of English Diploma Study Program,

Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. NIP: 19521126198112 1 001

Approved by the Diploma-III of English Study Program

Faculty of Cultural Study, University of Sumatera Utara

As a Paper for the Diploma-III Examination

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The Examination is held on June 2014

Faculty of Cultural Study University of Sumatera Utara

Dean,

1. Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. (Head of ESP) (...) Dr. Syahron Lubis, MA

NIP: 19511013197603 1 001

Board of Examiners: Signature

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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I am, EKO SISWANTO, declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where the reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.

No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed : ………..

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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : EKO SISWANTO

Title of paper : THE INTERPRETATION OF JOHN DONNE POEMS

Qualification : D-III/ Ahli Madya

Study Program : English

I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the reproduction at the discretion of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Faculty of Culture University of North Sumatera the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

Signed : ………..

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ABSTRAK

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ABSTRACT

This paper entitled The Interpretation of John Donne Poems describes the result of interpretation of three poems selected from The Love Poems of John Donne, by John Donne. In doing this paper, the writer interprets lyric and the meaning of those three poems. The purpose of writing this paper is to interpret lyric from each stanza from those poems and to find out the meaning that the Author is trying to tell. This paper is written by using

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Bismillahirrahmaanirrahim,

First of all, I would like to thank the Almighty Allah SWT, for giving me His

blessing, mercy and guidance. Because of His love, i can immediately accomplish this paper. Also, I would like to express my deep gratitude, love, appreciation, and thanks to:

• The most influencing people in my life, they are my parents, Mr. Tarsidi and Mrs.

Sisri, Nothing could be compared both of them in this world, for they always give the best thing I need. I would like to express my great regard to both of them who have grown me up, guided me, taken care of me, and never stop praying for me till I can finish my study and do my paper.

• My beloved siblings brother Candra, to all my young sisters, Ayu Andira, Rati

Lestari, July Lestari who always make me live this life with full of smile. In addition, to all my relatives, thank you for supporting me.

Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum. as my supervisor and Drs. Chairul Husni, M. Ed.

TESOL as my reader. I would like to thank you so much for avaluable time in giving me corretions and constructive critics in finishing this paper.

Dr. Mathius C.A Sembiring, M.A. as the head of Diploma III English Study Program,

who gives me a lot of knowledge.

Dr. Syahron Lubis M.A. as the dean of Faculty of Cultural Study, University of

Sumatera Utara.

• All lecturers of Diploma III English Study Program for giving me advices and

knowledge for this last 3 years as long as I study in the Faculty.

• All of my friends in SOLIDAS, I can’t mention all the names, thank you for your

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• My best friends Rumada Pane (It’s difficult to explain about his kindness in helping

me to do my paper, and also in my life), Wira Anastasya Purba and Sofian l. Sihombing ( who always support me and remind me to do my paper) thank you so much for all of you guys, I will never forget that.

• And finally, I will say thank you to my classmates, Class B, for being the part of my

life journey, and for the nice friendship during our study, I will miss all of them someday.

However, I do realize that this paper is still far from being perfect. Threfore, I really welcome for constructive critics and suggestions toward this paper.

Medan,

The Writer,

EKO SISWANTO

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Literature...4

2.2 Defenition of Poetry...6

2.3 Theme...7 3.1 The Lyric Interpretation of The Three Poems...18

3.1.1 The Good Morrow...18 A. THE THREE JOHN DONNE’S POEMS...29

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ABSTRAK

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ABSTRACT

This paper entitled The Interpretation of John Donne Poems describes the result of interpretation of three poems selected from The Love Poems of John Donne, by John Donne. In doing this paper, the writer interprets lyric and the meaning of those three poems. The purpose of writing this paper is to interpret lyric from each stanza from those poems and to find out the meaning that the Author is trying to tell. This paper is written by using

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1.INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Background of the Study

The three John Donne’ poems which are going to be studied in this paper are a series of poems in John Donne’s book, the love poems of John Donne. John Donne was born in london in 1572. The family residence, a comfortable mechant’s house, was situated on bread street, which used to run down the river from cheapside.

In this paper, the writer has chosen three poems from love poems of John Donne as the subject of this paper. The writer is strongly interested in love story that the author expressed throught his poems which maybe happened in life that we live in, as the author of the poems experienced and expressed it through the poems. The three love poems tell us so many knowledge about life and love, faithful and hopes. That’s why the writer would like to interpretate lyric and meaning of the poems.

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yang dirasakan, diamati dari lingkungan sekitarnya dan apa yang dihayalkannya”. (Poetry is a media that is used to connect what we feel, see in our surroundings and what we imagine.)

Richard (1985:4) says that poetry is both a specially made object and important form of communication between people.

However, Poetry is the place where we can share our feeling, unspoken feeling, no matter good or bad feeling we have. It’s a place where we can tell the moment we have, which is going to be memorized in the future. 1.2 Problem of Study

Based on the background of this paper, the problem of this study is how is the lyric and meaning interpretation of the John Donne poems.

1.3 Scope of Study

In John Donne love poems book, there are so many poems that we can study or interpretate what’s actually going to be told by the author through his poems. However, the writer focuses on interpretation of the three John Donne in these poems. They are: the dream, air and angel, and good-morrow.

1.4 Purpose of Study

The purpose of this study is to know the John Donne love poems interpretation through his three poems. The writer wants to interpretate lyric and meaning of the three poems.

1.5 Method of Study

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However, the books from library are not enough as the sources of data in writing this paper. The writer also searched and collected data from internet to enrich the data. The last, the writer described and interpretated the data and made some conclusions. In order to another reader easy understanding in this method, the writer describes a chart bellow:

The sources data

1. The John Love poems 2. Literary books

3. internet writer

Reading and selecting poems as object

conclusion

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2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Literature

Literature refers to compositions that tell stories, dramatize situations, express emotions, and analyze and advocates ideas. Before the invention of writing, literary works were necessarily spoken and sung, and were retained only as long as living people performed them. In some societies, the oral tradition of literature still exists, with many poems and stories designed exclusively for spoken delivery.

Literature is a body of written and valued as works of art. Literature may be classified according to a variety of systems, including language, national origin, historical period, genre and subject matter. Rees (1997:9) states that Literature is writing which express and communicates throught feelings and attitude towards life.

Edgar and Henry (1995:2) say that literature is the compositions that tell stories, dramatize situations, express emotions and analyze and advocates ideas. They also say that literature may be classified into four categories or genres:

1) Prose Fiction, 2) Poetry, 3) Drama, and 4) Nonfiction prose

Usually the first three are classed as imaginative literature.

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Poetry expresses a conversation or interchange that is grounded in the most deeply felt experiences of human beings. Poetry exists in many formal and informal shapes, from the brief haiku to the extensive epic. More economical than prose fiction in its use of words, poetry relies heavily on imaginery, figurative language, and sound.

Drama is literature designed to be performed by actors. Like fiction, drama may focus on a single character of a small number of characters, and it enacts fictional events as if they were happening in the present, to be witnessed by an audience. Although most modern plays use prose dialogue, in the belief that dramatic speech should be as lifelike as possible, many plays from the past, like those of ancient greece and renaissance England, are in poetic form.

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2.2 Defenition of Poetry

Poetry is an art form in which human language is used for its aesthetic qualities in addition to, or instead of, its notional and semantic content. It consists largely of oral or literary works in which language is used in a manner that is felt by its user and audience to differ from ordinary prose.

Poetry and poem describe a wide variety of spoken and written forms, styles, and patterns and also a wide variety of subjects. Because of variety, it is not possible to make a single, comprehensive definition.

Siswantoro (2002:1) says ”Gejala universal disepanjang sejarah peradaban manusia. Hampir tak ada satu bangsan pun didunia ini yang tidak tersentuh oleh puisi, mulai dari

bangsa primitif sampai bangsa yang paling beradab, puisi merupakan media untuk

mengkomunikasikan apa yang dirasakan, diamati dari lingkungan sekitarnya dan apa yang

ia khayalkan”.

Stanford (1992:63) says that the works of early poets were recited or sung: the audience gathered in groups and listened. These ancients settings suggest the important connection between the sound of a poem and the meaning it creates. More than any other qualities, rhythm and stuctural patterns distinguish poetry from prose.

Perrine(1974:553) says that poetry might be defined as a kind of language that says more and says it more intensenly than does ordinary language

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2.3 Theme

Williem Kenney (1966:88) state that to put the matter simply, theme is the meaning of the story. But any experienced readers of fiction will realize that this is not a very informative definition, and even less experienced readers, upon thinking it over, may begin to wonder in what sense a story can mean anything. Our definition, then, is only a first step towards understanding what theme is. According to Burton (1968:12), theme is the main idea or the main point in a story. A theme must represent the whole part of the story, because theme is a basic development of a whole story. Actually, it is not easy to find out the theme in peotry. The reader has to read the poetry and understand what the story tells about.

Staton (2007:7) states that theme gives a strong explained about the unity of what is happening in the story, and tells about the story of life in a common context. The purpose of theme is to give a shape and effect in our mind, to make the story easy to remember. A good theme has to represent the entire story in the novel. Sometimes the theme shapes in to fact that comes from the human experience. It is explored by the story and then gives impression for each of event in life. The theme of the novel is more than its subject matter because an author’s technique can play as strong a rule in developing a theme as the action of the characters do. Sometimes it’s because of the lenght of novels and the various characters, conflicts, and scenes, found within them, reader can look at defferent aspects of the work to incover different interpretations of the meaning of the tale.

2.4 Sense

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us about the poet’s innermost beaing as revealed in the work: we had the poem in order to learn about the figure behind it.

The second approach, and the one we shall be following throughout this section, concentrate on discussing the poem itself. The focus of our attention here is on the words on the page. Such an approach involves a very different conception of poetry from that outlined above: there the poet is regarded as an elusive, mysterious figure behind text; here the emphasis is on the poet as ‘a maker’.

An assessment is impossible to be done if the main rule is not complete yet, that is he deep understanding that is continued by analysing based on any kind of theory. Structural theories are used to appreciate a creation, is it sistematically or not. A creation could be assesed with ‘good’, ‘excellent’, or ‘great’, when the whole elements are completely perfect, the main aim of a poem. No useless words created by the poet, no word can stand alone out of the other elements, denotation or language manner, and the imagery aspect that is attended. At the same time the words are related to rhytme that substantiate sense dimension and repetition aspects (stanza, assonance, alliteration, and refrain) those are attended to form totally structure, music effect, and sense assertment.

2.5 Feeling

Feeling as its own meaning is what we feel, in this case is what the poet feels of something that become that become background in writing a poem. Feeling can be portrayed as happiness, sadness, horribility, hate, love or many else.

2.6 Tone

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bragging, glleful, resigned or protesting. There are of course, many others. Every poem has a stone. The tone might be difficult to characterise, or you may be uncertain as to whether, for example a poem is serious or amusing, but if it is a poem it almost certainly must take up an attitude or lookout, or have a mood, voice or manner. Therefore, it is wise to discuss tone before all the other terms, whether they come from the technical or boarder human vocabulary.

Richard (1985:9) says that In the poetry we must decide what the tone is by attending to the words and tring to hear their tone. Once we feel we have picked up the tone, we can try reading the poem aloud to test out our judgement.

Peerine (1974:702) says that tone in literature may be defined the writer’s or speaker’s attitude toward is subject, his audience of himself. In addition to, Siswantoro (2002:115) by a poem a poet can express his/her internal personality to the external world in responsing every problem around him/her. It could be well manner, friendly, but it also could be hate, contemplative, fierce, or apathetic tone. A poet with the whole of her/his extraordinary ability expresses those feelings in a poem

The tone of a poem is roughly equivalent to the mood it creates in the reader. Think of an actor reading a line such as "I could kill you." He can read it in a few different ways: If he thinks the proper tone is murderous anger, he might scream the line and cause the veins to bulge in his neck. He might assume the tone of cool power and murmur the line in a low, even voice. Perhaps he does not mean the words at all and laughs as he says them.

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poem depressing, that may be because it contains shadowy imagery. Tone is not in any way divorced from the other elements of poetry; it is directly dependent on them..

2.7 Intention

Intention is certain feelings of the readers when reading a poem. A poem conveys an experience or attempts to arouse certain feelings of the readers. After reading a whole poem and then write the general meaning and the detailed meaning, so next step is deciding what feelings the poet is trying to arouse in the readers. A poem may affect different people in a great variety of ways and it is often impossible to define a poet’s true intentions, however, the most important thing is to understand and explain a poet’s purpose to be. Just as it is impossible to give the meaning of a poem without reading it carefully, it is impossible to appreciate the poem if unable.

2.8 Life sense

Life sense is an important part in the poem elements. Life sense may be devided into three parts. They are solidarity (Altruism), teror, and love

1. Solidarity (Altruism): Helping others

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2. Terror

Terror means feeling of extreme fear. It could be person, thing or situation that makes people very afraid. Meanwhile, terrorism is a term that is usually used in violence for political purpose.

One of the oddities of the ‘War on Terror’ is that there remains no clear, universally agreed-upon definiton of its key referent, terorosm. Not with standing such inderterminacy, the term operates doubly in a descriptive and prescriptive capacity. Terrism both describes a form (illegitimate) political violence and a primary justification for (legitimate) political violence. In the context of the ‘War on Terror’, connotations of epic and indiscriminate brutality accrue to that political violence branded terrorsm, while its purported opposite is held to be limited by the humane values of states united in opposition to terrorsism.

3. Love

It’s been known that the feeling of love is not directly come to a person. It needs process until we find that is love. The first we feel before we fall in love is the feeling of like. Why do we like some people more than others? Basically, research shows that we are attracted to people who bring us maximum rewards of gratification at minimum expense. For example, we are more attracted to people who are nearby to those who are further away.

In saying the word love, peopl can interpret it in many ways or different meanings. Research indentify ways that people commonly define love. These love styles are idealized types; each individuals may define love in a way that combines more than one style.

2.9 Rhyme

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the structure of a poem. When two subsequent lines rhyme, it is likely that they are thematically linked, or that the next set of rhymed lines signifies a slight departure. Especially in modern poetry, for which conventions aren't as rigidly determined as they were during the English Renaissance or in the eighteenth century, rhyme can indicate a poetic theme or the willingness to structure a subject that seems otherwise chaotic. Rhyme works closely with meter in this regard.

There are varieties of rhyme: internal rhyme functions within a line of poetry, for example, while the more common end rhyme occurs at the end of the line and at the end of some other line, usually within the same stanza if not in subsequent lines. There are true rhymes (bear, care) and slant rhymes (lying, mine). There are also a number of predetermined rhyme schemes associated with different forms of poetry. Once you have identified a rhyme scheme, examine it closely to determine (1) how rigid it is, (2) how closely it conforms to a predetermined rhyme scheme (such as a sestina), and especially (3) what function it serves 2.10 Types of Poetry

Although not all poems fit neatly into categories, the two major types of poems are narrative and lyric. Narrative poems tell stories. They often present a significant episode or series of episodes in the life of one primary character(or, sometimes, two primary characters). Lyric poems express the feelings, musings, or emotions of a single character (the speaker).

Narrative poetry examples of narrative poems include long epics (such as Homer’s Iliad or Milton’s Paradise Lost) as well as short ballads. Nearly all narrative poems stress action and suggest a conflict. Many focus on a moral choice or difficult decision. For examples of modern narrative poems, by William Stafford’s travelling through the dark, Seamus Heaney’s, Mid-term Break and Amy lowell’s, patterns.

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may depict an outward action, it generally focuses on inward reactions, insights, or responses. Lyric poems are written in many forms, including Italian (or petrarchan) sonnet. The italian sonnet is divided into two parts, an octave (eight lines) with the rhyme abbaabba and a sestet (sis lines) with the rhyme scheme cdecde (or some variation). The octave usually develops an idea or image, and the sestet comments on this idea or image.

English (or Shakespearean) sonnet. The English sonnet falls into three quatrains (four lines) and a concluding couplet (two lines). The rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg. The first three quatrains usually develop an idea or image, and the closing couplet comments on this idea or image.

A lyric poem is also a comparatively short, non-narrative poem in which a single speaker presents a state of mind or an emotional state. Lyric poetry retains some of the elements of song which is said to be its origin: For Greek writers the lyric was a song accompanied by the lyre.

Subcategories of the lyric are, for example elegy, ode, sonnet and dramatic monologue and most occasional poetry: In modern usage, elegy is a formal lament for the death of a particular person (for exampleIn Memoriam A.H.H.). More broadly defined, the term elegy is also used for solemn meditations, often on questions of death, such asElegy Written in a Country Churchyard.

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or of (usually) fourteen lines and an intricate rhyme pattern (s wrote a series of sonnets linked by the same theme, so-called sonnet cycles (for instance Petrarch, various stages of a love relationship.

In a dramatic monologue a speaker, who is explicitly someone other than the author, makes a speech to a silent auditor in a specific situation and at a critical moment. Without intending to do so, the speaker reveals aspects of his temperament and character. In My Last Duchess for instance, the Duke shows the picture of his last wife to the emissary from his prospective new wife and reveals his excessive pride in his position and his jealous temperament. Occasional poetry is written for a specific occasion: a wedding (then it is called an epithalamion, for instanceEpithalamion), the return of a king from exile (for instancAnnus Mirabilis) or a death (for examplLycidas), etc. 2.11 How to Read a Poem

Carefully, thoughtfully, and sympathetically. These words sum up the best approach to reading poetry. The economy and compression of poetry mean that every part of the poem must carry some of the impact and meaning, and thus every part repays careful attention. Try to interact with the poem. Do not expect the poem to do all the work.

In addition to these, read each poem more than once and keep in mind the following objectives:

1) Rad straight through to get a general sense of the poem.

2) Try to understand the poem’s meaning and organization. As you read and reread the poem, study the following:

a) The Title. The title is almost informative.

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c) The Meaning of All Words, Whether Familiar or Unfamiliar. The words in many poems are immediately clear.

d) The Poem’s Setting and Situation. Some poems establish their setting and circumstances vividly.

e) The Poem’s Basic Form and Development.

f) The Poem’s Subject and Theme. The subject indicates the general or specific topic, while the theme refers to the idea or ideas that the poem explores

g) Read the poem aloud, sounding each word clearly.

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3. THE INTERPRETATION

3.1 The Lyric Interpretation of the Three Poems

The three poems are the selected poems from John Donne love poems. They are the Good Morrow, Air and Angel, the dreams.

3.1.1 The Good Morrow

The good morrow is the first poem from the three that have been chosen. This poem contains three stanzas and 21 lines. The word good means that is morally right; righteousness and also means as benefit or advantage to someone or something. And the word morrow means the following day or the next future day. So, if it’s combined together will have this meaning “ in the next day will be another day which has something right and righteeousness thing and will benefit to the John Donne as the Author of this poem.

The good morrow by John Donne is considered to be one of the best poems belonging to the metaphysical school of poetry. This poem is the poet’s words to his beloved after a night of love making. All about his love to be wished in the next day is told by him in each line of this poem.

“I wonder, by my troth, what thou and I

Did, till we loved?were we not weaned till then, But sucked on country pleasures, childishly? Or snorted we in the seven sleepers' den? 'Twas so; but this, all pleasures fancies be. If ever any beauty I did see,

Which I desired, and got, 'it was but a dream of thee.” (Good Morrow, stanza 1, line 1-7)

In this first stanza, the Author talks about the troth. Troth means a loyalty, he makes some questions as it can bee seen in line 1-4:

“I wonder, by my troth, what thou and I

Did, till we loved?were we not weaned till then, But sucked on country pleasures, childishly? Or snorted we in the seven sleepers' den?”

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And what kind of thing that they have done so that they can love each other. This situation shows that the poet still has some doubt about his feeling that’s why he makes some questions in his poem.

Again, in the begining of this poem the poet asks his beloved how they used to spend their lives before they had met each other. With his beloved in arms, the poet realizes how empty his life was before. He considers that phase of their life to be as meaningless as the ones spent in slumber by the seven sleepers of Ephesus in the den when they were trying to escape the wrath of the tyrant Emperor Decius. Being without his beloved is as insignificant as those years which the seven sleepers had spent sleeping. It means that those years bore no importance in his life anymore.

During those days when he was yet to discover true love, he would make up for that emptiness by indulging in other pleasures of life but now after understanding the meaning of love he realizes that those pleasures were very artificial. Now it seems to the poet as if he was a small child during those days who was being weaned on these materialistic pleasures of the world in the absence of true love which was like mother’s milk to that child. During those days all objects of beauty that he came across were nothing but her beloved’s reflection. To the poet, her beloved was like a beautiful dream which was turned into reality. In the good morrow , it is worth mentioning that through false pleasures the poet might be indicating towards his various liaisons with other women which were just a reflection of the beauty which his true lover filled him with.

“And now good morrow to our waking souls,

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In this second stanza, the Author aims his poem to show that good morrow will explain and make their life be better. They are out of fear and love will make it perfect. And also the good morrow will bring their waking souls. As it can be seen in the line 8-11 belows;

“And now good morrow to our waking souls,

Which watch not one another out of fear; For love all love of other sights controls, And makes one little room in everywhere:

In the second stanza also, the poet sheds light upon the bliss which envelops the lovers. He says that their souls rise in the light of the new morning of love in their lives. Their hearts are devoid of any kind of fear of commitment, misunderstanding or losing the one they love. Their presence in the each others life means so much to them that nothing catches their attention anymore. Donne proposes his loved one to turn their tiny room in which they make love into their only world. He says that he does not care about how much the sea discoverers expand the boundaries of the world with their discoveries. During those times when maritime discoveries were given utmost importance, the new inclusions to the map of the world meant nothing to the poet since his world only comprised of his beloved and him. Their respective worlds have now been fused into one. This drawing of an intellectual parallel from astronomy and geography strengthens the metaphysics of the poem.

“My face in thine eye, thine in mine appears, And true plain hearts do in the faces rest; Where can we find two better hemishperes, Without sharp North, without declining West? Whatever dies was not mixed equally;

If our two loves be one, or thou and I

Love so alike that none do slacken, none can die” (Good morrow, stanza 3, line 15-21)

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The poet further adds that unlike the world which is divided in hemispheres, their world of love knows no boundaries. It does not have a sharp cold northern hemisphere. Nor does it have a western hemisphere which has to bid farewell to the sun. By drawing this reference to Geography again, the poet tries to give us an insight into the unparalleled bliss of his world of love where it is always warm and sunny.

3.1.2 Air and Angels

This poem contains three stanza and 27 lines. This poem has to do with Air and Angels. Air is the invisible gaseous substance surrounding the earth, a mixture mainly of oxygen and nitrogen. Air is one of the most important things that all living beings needs. Angels is a spiritual being believed to act as an attendant, agent, or messenger of God, conventionally represented in human form with wings and a long robe. Angels usulally is identify to the good things. a person having qualities generally attributed to an angel, as beauty, purity, or kindliness. A popular theory in medieval times assumed angels under certain circumstances did assume bodies of air So, between air and angels there are kind of things that this poem means.

“TWICE or thrice had I loved thee, Before I knew thy face or name ; So in a voice, so in a shapeless flame Angels affect us oft, and worshipp'd be. Still when, to where thou wert, I came, Some lovely glorious nothing did I see” (Air and angels, Stanza 1, line 1-6)

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“But since my soul, whose child love is,

Takes limbs of flesh, and else could nothing do, More subtle than the parent is

Love must not be, but take a body too ; And therefore what thou wert, and who, I bid Love ask, and now

That it assume thy body, I allow, And fix itself in thy lip, eye, and brow.” (air and angels, stanza 2, line 7-14)

This second stanza shows that there is an illustration that the author has made, such as word soul, limbs of flesh, and child loves to make his idea became clear. In this second stanza , it shows that love is something that transcends the flesh and the human body is merely a vessel for this potent emotion.

Love in this poem is not represented as a feeling that is strictly based on outside or shallow perceptions of beauty but rather, it is projected onto the object of the affection in a pure and spiritual sense. Through using specific images and compounding themes and meaning throughout this poem in order to get the sense that even though the speaker seems to have a notion of the power of love, he is not quite able to grasp it or give it the form and shape he seems to desire.

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of love taking a shapeless and physical form is discussed, but in stanza two. This ideal of \"ballast love\" used by John Donne means that he had intended to steady or by so embody love. Stanza one and two provided clear illustrations of these two forms of love.

Whilst thus to ballast love I thought, And so more steadily to have gone, With wares which would sink admiration, I saw I had love's pinnace overfraught ; Thy every hair for love to work upon

Is much too much ; some fitter must be sought ; For, nor in nothing, nor in things

Extreme, and scattering bright, can love inhere ; Then as an angel face and wings

Of air, not pure as it, yet pure doth wear, So thy love may be my love's sphere ; Just such disparity

As is 'twixt air's and angels' purity,

'Twixt women's love, and men's, will ever be. (Air and angels, stanza 3, line 15-28)

This is the third stanza of this poem. All lyric is organized as perfect as the meaning which is going to be told by the author. The second line shows that there is something that the Author keep in mind about his love and several of those thoughts have been gone together with wares which would sink all the admiration. Then the author continues his idea in this third stanza by making a comparison between his love and an angel. Because he thinks that his love is so perfect and he says that she, whom he loves, is just like an angels who has a wing and has a good face. And the last line, he says that woman’s love and man love will be forever and ever.

3.1.3 The Dream

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It was a theme

For reason, much too strong for fantasy, Therefore thou wak'd'st me wisely; yet

My dream thou brok'st not, but continued'st it; Thou art so true that thoughts of thee suffice To make dreams truths, and fables histories; Enter these arms, for since thou thought'st it best, Not to dream all my dream, let's act the rest. ( the dreams, stanza 1, line 1-10)

This first stanza shows that the author clearly mentions someone to whom the poem is. Dear love as the subject becomes the main destination of this poem.

He also mentions reason as an explanation from the narrator that reality (her in his room) is stronger than fantasy and simply the reality of her being there woke him up. In the actual poem, this clause reads “For reason, much too strong for fantasy.” It’s an odd juxtaposition – why “reason” and not “reality,” the more exact opposite of fantasy – that hints at a pun. According to Merriam-Webster OnLine, the entry for reason includes an archaic definition meaning “treatment that affords satisfaction,” the very sort of treatment the narrator is looking for.

As lightning, or a taper's light,

Thine eyes, and not thy noise wak'd me; Yet I thought thee

(For thou lovest truth) an angel, at first sight; But when I saw thou sawest my heart,

And knew'st my thoughts, beyond an angel's art,

When thou knew'st what I dreamt, when thou knew'st when Excess of joy would wake me, and cam'st then,

I must confess, it could not choose but be Profane, to think thee any thing but thee. (the dreams, stanza 2, line 11-20)

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Coming and staying show'd thee, thee, But rising makes me doubt, that now Thou art not thou.

That love is weak where fear's as strong as he; 'Tis not all spirit, pure and brave,

If mixture it of fear, shame, honour have; Perchance as torches, which must ready be, Men light and put out, so thou deal'st with me; Thou cam'st to kindle, goest to come; then I Will dream that hope again, but else would die. (the dreams, stanza 3, line 21-30)

This stanza 3 talks about the author hopes about his love. This stanza will complete the thought from stanza 1 and 2. The first and the second line tell that the author wants his love to come and will stay with him, however , he has a doubt of his hopes, and rising makes it. Line 3 shows that the girl he has loved long time ago is not the same like the girl whom he loves now. The love he has now is weak like the fear as strong he has. It used to be spirit, pure and brave but now it seems like a dream. However, he always keep his heart for her by hoping that his dream will come true after he dies somebody.

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4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 4.1 Conclusions

After presenting the interpret on of the three John Donne’s love poem can be drawn the conclusions.

1) The three John Donne poems contain much life study that we might learn and we can take the good things from those lessons. We may see how the Author fights to get his love be better than before.

2) Those poems have different themes. The first poem is about a hope for a good morrow. The second poem is about a man and woman that’s illustrated like an air and angels. The last poem is about the author dreams about his love.

4.2 Suggestions

In relation to the conclusions above, the suggestions are written as follows:

1) In interpreting the lyric of a poem, the first step is needed is to understand about the elements about the poem.

2) The writer hopes that the readers have to learn about the theory of the poetry and also can describe or analyze other fields of poem.

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REFERENCES

Abrams, and Friends. 1968. The Norton Anthology English Literature. United State of America: W.W. Norton and Company, Inc.

Alexander, L.G. 1970. Poetry and Prose Appreciation for Overseas Students. London: Longman

Alexander, Michael.1983. Macmillan History of Literature,Old English Literature. Hongkong: Macmillan Education LTD.

Dyson, E., A. 1984. The language of Literature. Hongkong; Macmillan Education LTD.

Moleong, lexy, j. 1993. Metodologi penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.

Robert, Edgar V and Henry E. Jacobs 1987. Literature; An Introduction to Reading and Writing. New Jersey; Prectice Hall, Inc.

Rees, J., R. 1973. English Literature, an Introduction for Foreign Readers. Hongkong: The Macmillan Press Limited.

Suryabrata, Smadi. 2002. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta: Raja Grapindo Persada. Siswantoro.2002. Apresiasi Puisi-Puisi Sastra Inggris. Surakarta:

Muhammadiyah University Press 2002.

Taylor, Richard. 1981. Understanding the Element of Literature. Hongkong: the Macmilan Company.

Thrilling, Lionel.1967. The experience of Literature. New York: United States of America Printed.

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APENDICES A. The three John Donne Poems

The good morrow

I wonder, by my troth, what thou and I

Did, till we loved?were we not weaned till then,

But sucked on country pleasures, childishly?

Or snorted we in the seven sleepers' den?

'Twas so; but this, all pleasures fancies be.

If ever any beauty I did see,

Which I desired, and got, 'it was but a dream of thee.And now good morrow to our waking souls,

Which watch not one another out of fear;

For love all love of other sights controls,

And makes one little room an everywhere.

Let sea discovers to new worlds have gone,

Let maps to others, worlds on worlds have shown:

Let us possess one world; each hath one, and is one.

My face in thine eye, thine in mine appears,

And true plain hearts do in the faces rest;

Where can we find two better hemishperes,

Without sharp North, without declining West?

Whatever dies was not mixed equally;

If our two loves be one, or thou and I

Love so alike that none do slacken, none can die

Air and angels

TWICE or thrice had I loved thee,

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So in a voice, so in a shapeless flame

Angels affect us oft, and worshipp'd be.

Still when, to where thou wert, I came,

Some lovely glorious nothing did I see.

But since my soul, whose child love is,

Takes limbs of flesh, and else could nothing do,

More subtle than the parent is

Love must not be, but take a body too ;

And therefore what thou wert, and who,

I bid Love ask, and now

That it assume thy body, I allow,

And fix itself in thy lip, eye, and brow.

Whilst thus to ballast love I thought,

And so more steadily to have gone,

With wares which would sink admiration,

I saw I had love's pinnace overfraught ;

Thy every hair for love to work upon

Is much too much ; some fitter must be sought ;

For, nor in nothing, nor in things

Extreme, and scattering bright, can love inhere ;

Then as an angel face and wings

Of air, not pure as it, yet pure doth wear,

So thy love may be my love's sphere ;

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The dream

Dear love, for nothing less than thee

Would I have broke this happy dream;

It was a theme

For reason, much too strong for fantasy,

Therefore thou wak'd'st me wisely; yet

My dream thou brok'st not, but continued'st it;

Thou art so true that thoughts of thee suffice

To make dreams truths, and fables histories;

Enter these arms, for since thou thought'st it best,

Not to dream all my dream, let's act the rest.

As lightning, or a taper's light,

Thine eyes, and not thy noise wak'd me;

Yet I thought thee

(For thou lovest truth) an angel, at first sight;

But when I saw thou sawest my heart,

And knew'st my thoughts, beyond an angel's art,

When thou knew'st what I dreamt, when thou knew'st when

Excess of joy would wake me, and cam'st then,

I must confess, it could not choose but be

Profane, to think thee any thing but thee.

Coming and staying show'd thee, thee,

But rising makes me doubt, that now

Thou art not thou.

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If mixture it of fear, shame, honour have;

Perchance as torches, which must ready be,

Men light and put out, so thou deal'st with me;

Thou cam'st to kindle, goest to come; then I

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B. BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHOR OF THE POEMS

John Donne

John Donne (between 24 January and 19 June

English poet, satirist, lawyer and a eminent representative of the sensual style and include inventiveness of is characterised by abrupt openings and various paradoxes, ironies and dislocations. These features, along with his frequent dramatic or everyday speech rhythms, his tense syntax and his tough eloquence, were both a reaction against the smoothness of conventional Elizabethan poetry and an adaptation into English of European baroque and mannerist techniques. His early career was marked by poetry that bore immense knowledge of English society and he met that knowledge with sharp criticism. Another important theme in Donne's poetry is the idea of true religion, something that he spent much time considering and about which he often theorized. He wrote secular poems as well as erotic and love poems. He is particularly famous for his mastery of metaphysica

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and after his education on womanising, literature, pastimes, and travel. In 1601, Donne secretly married Anne More, with whom he had twelve childre London. He also served as a member of parliament in 1601 and in 1614.

Biography Early life

A portrait of Donne as a young man, c. 1595, artist unknown, in the collection of the Catholic family when practice of that religion was illegal in England. Donne was the third of six children. His father, also named John Donne, was of Catholic who avoided unwelcome government attention out of fear of

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In 1583, the 11-year-old Donne began studies at Cambridge, where he studied for another three years. However, Donne could not obtain a degree from either institution because of his Catholicism, since he refused to take the

In 1591 Donne was accepted as a student at the intermittent statute against sectarian dissent from the Church of England, titled "An Act for restraining Popish recusants". It defined "Popish recusants" as those "convicted for not repairing to some Church, Chapel, or usual place of Common Prayer to hear Divine Service there, but forbearing the same contrary to the tenor of the laws and statutes heretofore made and provided in that behalf". Donne's brother Henry was also a university student prior to his arrest in 1593 for harbouring a Catholic priest

t to begin questioning his Catholic faith.

During and after his education, Donne spent much of his considerable inheritance on women, literature, pastimes and travel. Although no record details precisely where Donne travelled, he did cross Europe and later fought with the against the Spanish at

Spanish flagship, the

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laws and manner of government, and returned perfect in their languages.

By the age of 25 he was well prepared for the diplomatic career he appeared to be seeking. He was appointed chief secretary to the

Marriage to Anne More

During the next four years, he fell in love with Egerton's niece Anne More. They were

married just before Christma

who was Lieutenant of the Tower and Anne's father. This wedding ruined Donne's career and earned him a short stay i man who acted as a witness to the wedding. Donne was released when the marriage was proven valid, and he soon secured the release of the other two. Walton tells us that when Donne wrote to his wife to tell her about losing his post, he wrote after his name: John Donne, Anne Donne, Un-done. It was not until 1609 that Donne was reconciled with his father-in-law and received his wife's

Part of the house where Donne lived i

After his release, Donne had to accept a retired country life i Over the next few years, he scraped a meagre living as a lawyer, depending on his wife's cousi bore a new baby almost every year, this was a very generous gesture. Though he practised law and may have worked as an assistant pamphleteer to constant state of financial insecurity, with a growing family to provide for

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married life either pregnant or George, Francis, Lucy (named after Donne's patroness godmother), Bridget, Mary, Nicholas, Margaret, and Elizabeth. Three (Francis, Nicholas, and Mary) died before they were ten. In a state of despair that almost drove him to kill himself, Donne noted that the death of a child would mean one less mouth to feed, but he could not afford the burial expenses. During this time, Donne wrote, but did not publis

his defence of suicide

twelfth child, a still-born baby

in his Career and later life

In 1602 John Donne was elected as Member of Parliament for the

by King means to seek patronage and many of his poems were written for wealthy friends or patrons,

especially Sir

Donne wrote the two AnniversariesOf the Progress of the Soul (1612) for Drury. In 1610 and 1611 he wrote tw

refused to reinstate him at court and instead urged him to take holy orders Donne acceded to the King's wishes and in 1615 was ordained into the

A few months before his death, Donne commissioned this portrait of himself as he expected to appear when he rose from the grave at the his wall as

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Inn i

the

made he held until his death in 1631. During his period as Dean his daughter Lucy died, aged eighteen. In late November and early December 1623 he suffered a nearly fatal illness, thought to be either typhus or a combination of a cold followed by a period of fever. During his convalescence he wrote a series of meditations and prayers on health, pain, and sickness that were published as a book in 1624 under the title of One of these meditations

is an Iland" (often modernised as

1624 he became

earned a reputation as an eloquent preacher and 160 of his sermons have survived, including the famous in February 1631.

Death

It is thought that Donne's final illness was proven. He died on 31 March 1631 having written many poems, most of which were circulated in manuscript during his lifetime. Donne was buried i where a memorial statue of him was erected (carved from a drawing of him in his shroud), with a Latin epigraph probably composed by himself. Donne's monument survived the 1666 fire, and is on display in the

Writings Early poetry

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as corruption in the legal system, mediocre poets, and pompous courtiers. His images of sickness, vomit, manure, a by all the fools and knaves of England. His third satire, however, deals with the problem of true religion, a matter of great importance to Donne. He argued that it was better to examine carefully one's religious convictions than blindly to follow any established tradition, for none would be saved at the Donne's early career was also notable for his erotic poetry, especially his which he employed unconventional

mistress and compared the act of fondling to the exploration ofElegy XVIII, he compared the gap between his lover's breasts to the these poems, although did allow them to circulate widely in manuscript form.

Some have speculated that Donne's numerous illnesses, financial strain, and the deaths of his friends all contributed to the development of a more somber a

his later poems

poem that Donne wrote in memory of using it as a symbol for the

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The increasing gloominess of Donne's tone may also be observed in the religious works that he began writing during the same period. His early belief in the value of scepticism now gave way to a firm faith in the traditional teachings of the Bible. Having converted to the He quickly became noted for his sermons and religious poems. The lines of these sermons and devotional works would come to influence future works of

No Man is

an Island, which took its title from the same source.

Towards the end of his life Donne wrote works that challenged death, and the fear that it inspired in many men, on the grounds of his belief that those who die are sent t live eternally. One example of this challenge is his Holy Sonnet X which come the famous lines "Death, be not proud, though some have called thee / Mighty and dreadful, for thou art not so." Even as he lay dying during sickbed and delivered th sermon. Death's Duel portrays life as a steady descent to suffering and death, yet sees hope in salvation and immortality through an embrace of God, Christ and the

Style

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(from Samuel Johnson's 1781 work of biography and criticism

"appeared a race of writers that may be termed the metaphysical poets". Donne's immediate successors in poetry therefore tended to regard his works with ambivalence, with the b early twentieth century by poets such as portray him, with approval, as an anti-Romantic.

Donne is considered a master of the combines two vastly different ideas into a single idea, often using imagery. An example of this is his equation of lovers with saints in other Elizabethan poetry, most notably comparisons between more closely related objects (such as a rose and love) conceits go to a greater depth in comparing two completely unlike objects. One of the most famous of Donne's conceits is found i compares two lovers who are separated to the two legs of

Donne's works are also witty, employing analogies. His pieces are often ironic and cynical, especially regarding love and human motives. Common subjects of Donne's poems are love (especially in his early life), death (especially after his wife's death), and religi

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Some scholars believe that Donne's literary works reflect the changing trends of his life, w Other scholars, such as poems were published posthumously (1633). The exception to these is his Anniversaries,

which were published in 1612 a

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