CULTURAL CHANGE REFLECTED IN ARTHUR MILLER’S DEATH OF A SALESMAN DRAMA (1949): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting the Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
MEI INTAN PERMATASARI A320130079
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
APPROVAL (DI SCAN)
CULTURAL CHANGE REFLECTED IN ARTHUR MILLER’S DEATH OF A
SALESMAN DRAMA (1949): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
by:
MEI INTAN PERMATASARI
A320130079
Approved to be Examined by Consultant
ACCEPTANCE (DI SCAN)
CULTURAL CHANGE REFLECTED IN ARTHUR MILLER’S DEATH OF A
SALESMAN DRAMA (1949): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
by:
MEI INTAN PERMATASARI A320130079
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta On, March2017
Team Board of Examiners:
1. Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S. ( )
(Chair Person)
2. Dr. AbdillahNugroho, M.Hum. ( )
(Secretary)
3. Dr. Phil. DewiChandraningrum M.Ed. ( )
(Member)
Approved by
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Dean
TESTIMONY
I am the researcher, signed the statement below:
Name : Mei Intan Permatasari
NIM : A320130079
Study Program : Department of English Education
Title : CULTURAL CHANGE REFLECTED IN ARTHUR MILLER’S DEATH OF A SALESMAN DRAMA (1949): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
Herewith, I testify that there is no plagiarism in this research paper. As far as
I know, there is no literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degrees
of university. Nor there are option masterpiece which have been written or
published by others, except those in which the writing are referred manuscript and
mentioned in the literary review and bibliography.
Hence, later, if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in this
testimony, I will hold fully responsibility.
Surakarta, 30 Maret 2017
The Researcher
DEDICATION
This research is proudly dedicated to:
• Allah SWT for the great blessing and the great prophet Muhammad SAW. • My beloved parents, Sutrisno and Suparni, who always give the best prayer, loves and supports.
• My beloved boyfriend, Ardian Yudha Pamilihan who always give the best prayer, and supports.
• My sister, Vera Kristiani and her husband Wakidi.
• My brother, Eko Veri Kristanto and his wife Sri Mulyati.
• My lovely nephews Anaya Caesareka, Shafha Hafizah, and Salwa Banafsaj.
• All of my friends in English Department 2013.
• All of my friends everywhere, thanks for their help and friendship.
MOTTO
If you cannot be intelligent, be a good person.
Life is choice, and we must dare to choose.
Be confident.
Sesungguhnya dibalik kesusahan pasti ada kemudahan.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assallamualaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulilahirobbil’alamin. Praise to Allah SWT, the ALMIGHTY GOD,
for blessing and guiding in completing this research paper as partial fulfillment of the
requirement for bachelor degree in English Department. In this occasion, the
researcher pronounces her thanks to the following:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno. M.Hum. Dean of School of Teacher
Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat. Ph.D. as the Head of English Department on
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3. Dr. M. Thoyibi. M.S. the consultant, who patiently guided the researcher
in arranging this research paper, provided his time for consulting.
4. Drs. Sigit Hariyanto, M.Hum. as the academic consultant who gave the
researcher guidance as long as she studied in Muhammadiyah University.
5. All lectures of English Department for being good educators who gave
the board knowledge to her during she studied in Muhammadiyah
University.
6. All the element of her beloved University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
7. Her best beloved mother and father who are impatient to see finishing this
research paper soon and for their love, support, prayer support,
motivation, and everything. You are the best teacher in her life.
8. Her boyfriend “Ardian Yudha Pamilihan” who never stops giving motivation, support, love and affection until finishing this research paper.
9. Her beloved older brother “Eko Veri Kristanto” and his wife “Sri
Mulyati” thanks for their love and support.
11.Her beloved friends in English Department of “DIAN GENK” Beb Erlita, Aan Khori, and Afeliaaa thanks for their support.
12.Her beloved friends in boarding house of WISMA MULIA: Mba Annisa,
Mba Kiki, and beb Emilda thanks for their support.
13.Her beloved friends in boarding house WISMA LISNA: Anik cebret
(betta), Jesika, Dek Aline, Dinda daee thanks for their support.
14.Her beloved friends in senior high school D’DAAKON: Isna, Mey Diana,
and Dinamika thanks for their support.
15.Her beloved friends internship at SMPN 3 KARTASURA: The
headmaster, the teacher, and the students especially class of VII H and all
my friends internship especially Burhanuddin Hakim, RusitaDewi, and
others thanks for their support.
The researcher understands that this research paper is still far from being
perfect. She welcomes any endorsing suggestion and criticism. She also greatly
expects that this research will be useful and able to give contribution for academic
study and following research.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, 30 Maret 2017
MEI INTAN PERMATASARI
ABSTRACT
MEI INTAN PERMATASARI. A320130079. CULTURAL CHANGE
REFLECTED IN ARTHUR MILLER’S DEATH OF A SALESMAN DRAMA
(1949): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH. RESEARCH PAPER. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2016
This study is about the Cultural Change Reflected in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman Drama (1949), which is analyzed by using sociological approach. The objectives of this study are to identify elements of cultural change, to depict how culture change is happened, to reveal why Arthur Miller gives his concerns on the issues of cultural change in the drama Death of a Salesman based on Sociological approach.This study belongs to qualitative research. The primary data from this study is a drama by Arthur Miller titled Death of a Salesman, published in 1949, while the secondary data from this study is another source involved in the study, such as: references online, and some books that support this research. The researcher draws three conclusions in this study. First, the cultural changes that occur in the elements of cultural change as the change of equipment, livelihood systems, kinship and system of organizations, and language. Second, the cultural changes that portrayed in the play through the structure include a plot, characters, events, and style. Thirdly, the reason of the author to give concern about changes in people's views of the American Dream that has deviated from the norms and values inherited from our ancestors.
Keywords: Cultural Change, Elements of Culture, Sociology of literature
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini adalah tentang perubahan budaya yang tercermin dalam drama yang berjudul Death of a Salesman karya Arthur Miller yang dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan Sosiologis.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi elemen-elemen perubahan budaya, untuk menggambarkan bagaimana perubahan budaya yang digambarkan, untuk mengungkapkan mengapa Arthur Miller memberikan keprihatinannya dalam isu-isu perubahan budaya dalam drama Death of a Salesman berdasarkan pendekatan Sosiologis. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian kualitatif. Data primer dari penelitian ini adalah drama karya Arthur Miller berjudul Death of a Salesman yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1949, sementara data sekunder dari penelitian ini adalah sumber lain yang terkait dalam penelitian ini, seperti: referensi-referensi online, dan beberapa buku yang mendukung penelitian ini. Peneliti menarik tiga kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini. Pertama, perubahan budaya yang terjadi pada elemen-elemen perubahan budaya seperti perubahan pada peralatan, sistem mata pencaharian, organisasi dan bahasa. Kedua, perubahan-perubahan budaya yang digambarkan dalam drama melalui struktur antara lain plot, karakter, peristiwa, dan gaya bahasa. Ketiga, alasan yang mendasari penulis ingin menyampaikan keprihatinannya tentang perubahan pandangan masyarakat tentang American Dream yang telah melenceng dari norma-norma dan nilai-nilai yang diwariskan oleh nenek moyang.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION... 1
A. Background of the Study ... 5
B. Problem Statement ... 5
C. Objective of the Study………... 5
D. Benefits of the Study………... 5
E. Paper Organization………... 6
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW... 7
A. Underlying Theory………. 7
1. Sociology of Literature………... 7
2. Basic Principle of Sociology of Literature………. 8
a. Literary as the Social Document……….... 9
b. Literary Works as the Reflection of Social Situation of Writer…. 9 c. Literary Works as the Manifestation of the Historical Moment…. 9 3. Notion of Culture………... 10
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD... 17
D. Technique of the Data Collection……….. 18
E. Technique of the Data Analysis………. 18
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION... 19
A. The Elements of Culture ... 19
1. Tools and Equipment of Life... 19
2. Livelihood System... 23
3. The System of Kinship and Social Organization ... 24
4. Language ... 26
B. Depiction of Cultural Change ... 27
1. Change of the Elements of Culture... 27
2. Through Setting ... 28
3. Through the Character and Characterization ... 29
4. Through the Plot... 33
5. Through the Style ... 35
C. Arthur Miller’s Concern Cultural Change ... 37
D. Discussion ... 40
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION, SUGGESTION, AND PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION…... 42
A. Conclusion ... 42
B. Suggestion ... 43
C. Pedagogical Implication ... 43
BIBLIOGRAPHY... 44
