THE ANALYSIS OF TENSES USED IN GAYLE FORMAN’S NOVEL WHERE SHE WENT
A PAPER
BY
DIKA PRATIWI HTG REG.NO. 112202046
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDIES
DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM MEDAN
It has been approved by Supervisor,
NIP : 19581017 198001 1 001 Drs. Bahagia Tarigan, M.A.
Submitted to Faculty of Culture Studies of Sumatera Utara
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for DIPLOMA (D-III) in English
Approved by
Head of Diploma III English Study Program
NIP : 1952112610112 1 001 Dr. Matius C. A. Sembiring, M.A
Approved by Diploma III of English Study Program
Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara
As a paper for the Diploma (D-III) Examination
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the D-III of Examination of the Diploma III of English Study Program, Faculty of
Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara.
The examination is held on
Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara
Dean,
NIP : 19511013197603 1 001 Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A.
Board of Examiners: Signature
1. Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A (Head of ESP) 2. Drs. Bahagia Tarigan, M.A (Supervisor)
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
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Name : Dika Pratiwi Htg
Title of Paper : THE ANALYSIS OF TENSES USED IN GAYLE
FORMAN’S NOVEL WHERE SHE WENT
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ABSTRAK
ABSTRACT
The title of this paper is The Analysis of Tenses Used in Gayle Forman’s Novel Where She Went. In this paper, the writer discusses definition of tense, kind of
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Bismillaahirrahmaanirrahiim.
First of all, I would like to thank and praise to the Almighty God, Allah SWT for blessing and giving health, strength and ease to accomplish this paper as one of the requirements to get Diploma III certificate from English Study Program
Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara. I present shalawat to
Prophet Muhammad SAW as my good example in my life and I hope his blessing in the beyond.
I would like to express a deep gratitude, love, appreciation and thanks to:
• Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A. as the Dean of Faculty of Culture Studies,
University of Sumatera Utara.
• Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. as the Head of Diploma III English
Study Program, who gives me a lot of knowledge.
• Drs. Bahagia Tarigan, M.A. as my supervisor. Thank you for the
valuable time in giving me the correction and constructive critics in
completing this paper. You are my inspiration.
• Drs. M. Syafi’i Siregar, M.A. as my reader. Thank you for your valuable
time.
• My lovely parents, Mayor. Inf. Edwardi Hutagalung and Kasmari.
Thank you for all your motivatons, advices, prays, loves and financial. I
• All lectures in Diploma III English Study Program for giving me advices
and knowledge.
• My beloved siblings, Hilda Lestari Hutagalung, S.E., Rachmat Prawira
Hutagalung, S.T. and Maudy Agustia Hutagalung.
• All of my friends in SOLIDAS 2011 and alumnus in SOLIDAS.
• My Kryptonite, Okky Aulia Dzikra. Thank you for all the things that you
ever gave to me, especially for loving me in almost 3 years. I love us.
• My best friends in SOLIDAS, Febrilatussakdiyah Hrp (Ilong),
Aviandani Aulia Nst (Anik), Shintya Wulandari, Suchinda Ayudia, Amelia Septia Rini, Annisa Risma Khairani Lbs, Farah Diba, Halimahtussadiyah, Tika Wardhani, Khairunnisa Lbs, Rocky Goklas, M. Rizky Siregar, Agung Yudha, M. Riski. Thank you for your support, cares and other thing that help me to complete this paper. Thank you for
the nice friendship during our study. I’m gonna miss you all.
• My lovely alumnus, Edtri Putri Ramadhani, Riski Putra Harahap,
Ahmad Hanafi, Bungaran Petra Ageng Hutasoit. Thank you for all kindness and happiness that you ever gave to me, it means a lot.
Medan,
The writer,
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.1. The Definition of Tenses ... 4
2.2. The Kind of Tenses ... 4
3. DATA AND ANALYSIS... 17
3.1 Data ... 17
3.2Anaysis ... 17
4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 25
4.1Conclussion ... 25
4.2Suggestion ... 25
... REFERENCES ... 26
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of Study
Language is an important communication tool for people. By using
language, people can inform many things and express what they want to show of
their feeling. Language are different between one region with another: each of
them is different in grammar, not only in writing but also in speaking (Nesfield,
2001:1).
Language is the supreme means of formulating and expressing thought.
Human communicate by producing sound or the combination of words which
represent the object ideas and emotion of human thought (Algeo, 2005:2).
From the above definitions, we may conclude that the main function of
language is to communicate to others. A good communication between someone
and others can be achieved if they are able to use language perfectly.
English has always been associated with grammar. Grammar is very
important to form a pattern of good sentences. By understanding and mastering
the sentences, we will be able to speak English fluently. A tense is a grammatical
category that locates a situation in time, to indicate when the situation takes place.
The tenses are present, past and future. The description of the time will change
the form of sentence. This change of the time called tenses (Thompson, 1993:5)
The language used in novel is to determine the exact meaning of the
sentence. The tenses in the novel play an important role in the sentences in order
to make the reader understand the ideas they contain. Types of tenses used in
In this regard, the writer will analyze the use of tenses in a novel called
Where She Went in this paper. This paper attempts to find out kinds of tenses used
in this novel.
1.2The Problems
The problem that writer would like to investigate are as follows:
1) How many kinds of tenses used by the author in the novel
2) What are the dominant tenses used in the novel by the author
1.3The Scope of the Study
The writer restrict subject only about tenses. The tenses will be explained in
more details. There are many things in English to be discussed. But in order to
make the readers confused, the writer just limits the study on the tenses found in
Gayle Forman’s Novel “Where She Went”
1.4The Purpose of the Writing
The purpose of writing this paper are:
1) To analysis kinds of tenses used in Gayle Forman’s Novel
2) To find dominant tenses used in Gayle Forman’s Novel
3) To fulfill the requirement to get a diploma certificate in English study
program Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara.
1.5The Method of Study
The method appplied for this writing is the library research. To complete this
paper, the writer will collect all the required data from the Gayle Forman’s Novel
published in the United States of America by Speak, an imprint of Penguin Group
In order to get the percentage of tenses that mostly occur in the Gayle
Forman’s Novel, the following formula from Nawawi (1991:150) will be used:
X= Number of tenses
Y= Total number of all data
N= Percentage of the tense
X
2. TENSES 2.1 Definition of Tenses
Tense is a grammatical category that locates a situation in time that
indicates when the situation take place. Tenses are part of grammar. Mastering
tenses are very important because if we do not use appropriate tenses, it can cause
misunderstanding especially in written language. George (1980:192) states that
Tenses mean time. However, it should be pointed out that time in relation to
action is a concept that exists in the mind of the speaker, reader or listener.
Tenses, in actual usage, refer consistently only to grammatical form (Halliday,
2002:9).
2.2 Kind of Tenses
Traditional English, according to (Anderson, 1997:2) tense can be devided
into three main time periods: the present, past and future. The basic pattern is
reffered to simple shapes. In each of these basic pattern can also be seen aspects
of how the incident took place which is being lasts, over, or still in progress.
When associated with mood tense is formed precisely in the real main patterns
and the like which aspects in general pattern of tense as follows:
Simple Present Tense
The simple present tense of most verbs require an ending in the third
person singular. This is true whether subject is pronoun (he, she, it) or a singular
noun, the first and second person pronoun (I, we, you), the third person (they),
and plural nouns require no ending in the present tense (Murphy, 2003:4)
• He always eats an egg for breakfast. (always = he eats an egg for breakfast
all the time)
• She plays badminton every Sunday ( it is her habit to play badminton
every Sunday)
a) Pattern:
Positive : Subject + Infinitive + Object
Negative : Subject + Do/Does + Not Infinitive + Object Introgative : Do/Does + Subject + Infinitive + Object? b) Function
Question words ( when, where, who, what, which, how), are placed before the
auxiliary : do / does.
Example :
It is used to express habitual action:
1) I usually get up at 7 in the morning
It is used to express the general truth:
2) A week has seven days
It is used for a planned future action or series of actions
3) I have a date next Saturday at the time
Present Continuous Tense
Present continuous tense is a construction. It is made up of the auxiliary be +
a) Pattern
Positive : Subject + is/am/are + Verbing + Object Negative : Subject + is/am/are + not ? Verbing + Object Introgative : Is/am/are + Subject + Verbing + Object?
b) Function
Question words ( when, where, who, why, what, which, how), are placed before to
be : is/am/are.
This pattern is used to express an activity or state in progress or around the time of
speaking
1) She is cooking for dinner now.
It is used to express temporer action
2) I am playing basketball at the court
It is used to express a future action that has been planned
3) My father and mt mother are leaving for America next week
Present Perfect Tense
The present perfect tense is a construction made up auxiliary have + the
past participle form of the main verb (Coghill, 2003:96)
a) Pattern
Positive: Subject + have/has + Verb3 + Object
b) Function
Have/has are used to indicate an action took place at an indefinite time or over
period at time:
1) We have occupied this house for 3 years
It is used to indicate an action start in the past, but still occurs in the present:
2) The students have finished doing their exercise
Used in intransitive verb:
3) I have been a student in this University since 2011
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Present perfect tense is a construction made up have + been + verb-ing
(present participle). It emphasizes or exaggerates the progressive nature of the
action-throught period of time. This tense has nearly the same meaning as normal
present perfect verbs. The difference is that we use the present perfect continuous
when we want to express that the action has continued for a long time
(Magendanz, 2003:96)
a) Pattern
Positive: Subject +has/have + been + Verbing + Object
Negative: Subject + have/has +not + been + Verbing + Object Introgative: Have/has + Subject + been + Verbing + Object? b) Function
This pattern is used to express an action that started in the past and now it is still
1) Diana has been working for this company for 7 years
This pattern is used to express an action relevant to the present but doesn’t occur
in Indonesian and can be interpreted in phrase ‘still now’.
2) I have been reading a novel. (I am still reading it) > I have read a book.
Past Tense
Past tense is used to declare the events that have “past”. Past may refer to
maybe yesterday, an hour ago, two years ago, two centuries ago and so on
(Netufe, 2001:9)
a) Pattern
Positive: Subject + Verb2 + Object
Negative: Subject + did + not + infinitive + Object Introgative: Did + Subject + infinitive + Object?
b) Function
The simple past is used to express the idea that an action started and
finished at a spesific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually
mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind (Handoko,
2004:25)
Example:
1) Last year, I traveled to Korea
We use the simple past to list a series completed actions in the past. These actions
Example:
1) She arrived from the airport at 6.00, checked into the guest house at 8.00
and met her friend at 9.00
The simple past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A
duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years,
for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.
Past Perfect Tense
An aspect of the verb that designates an action which has been completed
before another past action. Formed with the auxiliary had and the past participle
of a verb, the past perfect indicates a time further back in the past than the present
perfect or the simple past tense (Frank, 1972:82-83).
a) Pattern
Positive: Subject + had + Verb3 + Object
Negative: Subject + had + not + Verb3 + Object Introgative: Had + Subject + Verb3 + Object? b) Function
The past perfect expresses the idea that something occured before another action
in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the
past.
Examples:
1) I had never seen such a beautiful lake before I went to Danau Linting
With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous use of Mixed Verbs, we
use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up
until another action in the past.
Examples:
1) He had sold the car when I came to see it yesterday afternoon
2) I had got a permanent job before I bought this house last month
Past Continuous Tense
The past continuous tense is an important tense in English. We use it to
say that somebody was in the middle of doing something at a certain time. The
action or situation had already started before this time but had not finished
(Murphy, 2003:2)
a) Pattern
Positive: Subject + was/were + Verbing Negative: Subject + was/were + not + Verbing Introgative: Was/were + Subject + Verbing? b) Function
The past continuous tense expresses an action at a particular moment in the past.
The action started before that moment but has not finished at that moment. When
we use the past continuous tense, our listener usually knows and understands the
Examples:
1) He was swimming with his friends at 5 o’clock p.m. yesterday
2) I was wating for a train at 8 o’clock yesterday morning
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
The past perfect continuous is formed with the past perfect tense of the
verb to be (= had been) + the present participle (-ing) (Thompson, 1993:13)
Example:
1) I had been praying
a) Pattern
Positive: Subject + had + Verb3
Negative: Subject + had + not + Verb3 Introgative: Had + Subject + Verb3?
b) Function
We use the past perfect cotinuous to show that something started in the
past and continued up until another time in the past. “For five minutes” or “for
two weeks” are both durations which can be used with the past perfect
continuous. However, the duration does not continue until now, it stops before
something else in the past (Thompson, 1993:14)
Examples:
1) Diana had been typing the monthly report for 2 hours at 11 o’clock this
morning
2) She had been working at that company for 4 years when it went out of
Using the past perfect continuous before another action in the past is a good way
to show cause and effect.
Examples:
1) Isabella was tired because she had been swimming
2) Dumbledore failed the final test because he had not been attending the
class
Future Tense
Simple future has two different forms in English: “will” and “be going to”.
Although the two forms sometimes can be used interchangeably, they often
express two different meanings. These different meanings might seem too abstract
at first, but with time and practice, the differences will become clear. Both “will”
and “be going to” refer to a specific time in the future (Baun, 1990:5)
a) Pattern
Positive: S + will/shall + V1 or S + ia/am/are + going to + V1
Negative: Will/shall + not + V1 or S + is/am/are + not + going to + V1
Introgative: Will/shall + S + V1 or Is/am/are + S + going to + V1? b) Function
The simple future tense is often used with will, because we make the
simple future tense with the modal auxiliary will.
We use the simple future tense when there is no plan or decision to do
something before we speak. We make the decision spontaneously at the time of
Examples:
1) Hold on. I will get a chair
2) I will see what I can do to help them.
We often use the simple future tense with the verb to think before it:
1) I think I will go to the restaurant tomorrow
2) I think I will have a nice trip next week
We often use the simple future tense to make a prediction about the future. There
is no plan. We are saying what we think will happen.
Examples:
1) It will rain tonight
2) They will not come to the meeting tomorrow
When the main verb is be, we can use the simple future tense even if we have a
firm plan or decision before speaking.
Examples:
1) I will be in New York tomorrow
2) Will you be at school tomorrow?
Future Perfect Tense
The future perfect tense is used to describe an event that is expected or
planned to happen before another event in the future. It is a grammatical
combination of the future tense, or other marking of future time and the perfect
Subject + shall/will + have + past participle
( I shall have gone)
a) Pattern
Positive: Subject + will/shall + have + Verb3 Negative: Subject + will/shall + not + Verb3 Introgative: Will/shall + Subject + have + Verb3?
b) Function
The future perfect tense expresses an action in the future before
another action in the future.
Examples:
1) The airplane will leave the airport at 8am. You will arrive at the airport at
8.20 am. When you arrive, the airplane will have left
2) You can call me at 9 in the morning. I will have arrive at the campus at
8.30 pm.
Future Continuous Tense
Future continuous has two different forms: “will be doing” and “be going
to be doing.” (Baun, 1990:8)
Basic form:
Subject + will + be + Verb (continuous form) a) Pattern
b) Function
It is used to express an action which will occur in future and is thought
to be completed in future. It expresses a sense of completion of an action which
will occur in future.
Examples:
1) I will be waiting for him when his train arrives tonight
2) I will not be waiting for him when his train arrives tonight
Future continuous is interrupted by a short action in the future. In
addition to using short actions as interruptions, you can also use a specific time as
an interruption.
Exmples:
1) Tonight at 7pm, I am going to be eating dinner
2) At midnight tonight, we will still be driving through the rain
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Future perfect continuous has two different forms: “will have been
doing” and “be going to have been doing.” (Baun, 1990:10)
a) Pattern
Positive: Subject + will have been + Verb1/Verbing + Object + time reference
Negative: Subject + will not have been + Verb1/Verbing + Object + time reference
b) Function
It is used to express a continued or on going action that will start in
future and is thought to be continued till sometime in future.
Examples:
1) I will have been waiting for him for 2 hour
3. DATA AND ANALYSIS
3.1 Data
The data were gathered from Gayle Forman’s Novel Where She Went. Gayle
Forman’s Novel published in the United States of America by Speak, an imprint
of Penguin Group (USA) 2012.
3.2 Analysis
The story from Gayle Forman’s consist of 23 chapter. In analyzing the data
that writer found of tenses is the data of research are the Simple Present Tense,
Past Tense and Future Tense with total 124 data. The result of the analysis show
that the Simple Present Tense shows 41 data, Past Tense shows 58 data and
Future Tense shows 25 data.
1. I wake up every morning (chapter 1 page 3)
Simple Present Tense
2. I glance at the minimalist digital clock on the hotel nightstand (chapter 1
page 4)
3. I pull on some boxers (chapter 1 page 5)
4. I finish my coffee (chapter 1 page 5)
5. Aldous leaves Adam in front of the hotel (chapter 2 page 28)
6. He glances at his phone (chapter 2 page 28)
7. I lay in my childhood bed (chapter 5 page 60)
8. I put the cigarettes back down without lighting up (chapter 5 page 63)
9. I grab fo my phone (chapter 6 page 68)
11.Mia tells me when we arrive chapter 8 page 91)
12.The host take us to the booth (chapter 8 page 92)
13.Mia doesn’t tell Adam what the next destination is (chapter 12 page 138)
14.My warning ball start to ping (chapter 12 page 139)
15.I shake my head (chapter 16 page 177)
16.I go for the divertion (chapter 16 page 178)
17.The bridge looks like a ghost ship from another time (chapter 18 page 199)
18.I stand there on the bridge for a while (chapter 18 page 201)
19.Mia watches Adam lose his shit all over the promenade (chapter 19 page
216)
20.My eyes start to droop (chapter 20 page 217)
21.I tell her I need to sleep (chapter 20 page 217)
22.The bellman grabs our stuff to take to our room (chapter 23 page 255)
1. We are shooting a video in London (chapter 1 page 7)
Present Continuous Tense
2. Stim and the engineers are shaking my hand and wishing me luck on tour
(chapter 1 page 9)
3. Aldous is peering at me with a look of calculated concern (chapter 2 page
28)
4. She is trying to train me out of that bad habit (chapter2 page 31)
5. I am reaching into my pocket for a pen (chapter 4 page 50)
6. She is peering at me from under a waterfall of hair (chapter 8 page 101)
8. I am not talking about the songs (chapter 11 page 129)
9. The man with beard is preparing to step out of his seat (chapter 12 page
141)
10. I am pulling her into another car then another until the train slows into a
station (chapter 12 page 141)
11.She is not wearing any underwear under her robes (chapter 12 page 158)
12.I am trying for the authentic camping experience (chapter 15 page 166)
13.Fingers of light are starting to pry open the night sky (chapter 16 page
176)
14.The wind is whipping her hair this way (chapter 16 page 187)
15.He is wearing an iPod (chapter 18 page 201)
16.I am crying out of gratitude (chapter 19 page 216)
17.She is smiling as she kicks of her blanket (chapter 20 page 224)
18.I am running out of space (chapter 20 page 226)
19.My heart is pounding (chapter 21 page 235)
1. I talked to some people you went to high school with (chapter 1 page 18)
Simple Past Tense
2. We knew each other casually from school (chapter 1 page 19)
3. I wanted to reserve this shirt for tomorrow (chapter 2 page 30)
4. A photo of her, dressed in black (chapter 2 page 35)
5. Mia woke up after four days (chapter3 page 39)
6. We sat around her hospital bed in ICU (chapter 3 page 39)
8. My mom worked for the university catering department (chapter 5 page
59)
9. He came from the slums of Venezuela (chapter 6 page 79)
10.I graduated in the spring (chapter 8 page 97)
11.I took the picture last summer (chapter 8 page 102)
12.I really wanted to be a Jewish School (chapter 9 page 108)
13.I moved back to the House of Rock (chapter 9 page 109)
14.We did the polite thing and stuck around to catch up (chapter 10 page 113)
15.Boston reminded me of Easter Egg hunts (chapter 10 page 114)
16.I pulled out my laptop and played them (chapter 11 page 128)
17.I pushed everyone away (chapter 11 page 132)
18.I got recognized down there (chapter 12 page 142)
19.The groupies started showing up right away (chapter 13 page 146)
20.I felt pretty good because even though it was just a matter of pure luck
(chapter 13 page 148)
21.We planned to spend a week at the cost (chapter 15 page165)
22.She shook her head, stood up, grabbed the top of the tent (chapter 15 page
169)
23.I smashed her recorded (chapter 16 page 179)
24.You talked to me, but you didn’t (chapter 16 page 183)
25.The key turned out to be the best thing about that shows (chapter17 page
193)
27.We sit in silence, sipping our coffee and eating Croissants (chapter 18
page 205)
28.Her skin looked like tissue paper (chapter 19 page 214)
29.She dropped out of college last year (chapter 20 page 226)
30.I needed someone to hate, and you’re the one I love the most, so it fell to
you (chapter 20 page 231)
31.Mia went to concerts because they were my shows (chapter 22 page 249)
32.Kat looked annoyed for the subversion of her parental thority (chapter 22
page 259)
1. I was listening to some bootlegs of your really early stuff (chapter 1 page
13)
Past Continuous Tense
2. I was planning my escape when I saw Brooke Vega striding toward me
(chapter 7 page 82)
3. She was trying to decide between one of two scripts to produce for the
company she was trying (chapter 7 page 85)
4. She wasn’t gossiping or anything (chapter 7 page 86)
5. Things were starting to heat up (chapter 9 page 110)
6. It was still the kind of romance where I thought we were trying to find a
way to make it forever (chapter 9 page 112)
7. I was coming home from visiting Kim in Boston late one night and got lost
on the way out and there it was (chapter 10 page 114)
9. It was weirding me out but also building me up (chapter 13 page 152)
10.Liz and Sarah were getting their own place (chapter 13 page 153)
11.I was just thinking about her (chapter 14 page 157)
12.The sun was dipping behind the mountains (chapter 15 page 169)
13.She was watching me, a bemused little smile on her face (chapter 15 page
169)
14.I was going to have to go through a metamorphosis (chapter 15 page 173)
15.She was interviewing me and asked about you (chapter 16 page 178)
16.I know were trying to help, but it just felt, at the time, like you were
pushing me away (chapter 16 page 184)
17.We were playing these enormous venues: arenas and stadiums, to more
than fifteen thousand fans (chapter 17 page 197)
18.She was just sitting in one of the soundproof practicebooths (chapter 19
page 212)
19.I was just thinking about high school (chapter 21 page 243)
20.I was thinking about how we’re in the same boat all over again (chapter 21
page 244)
21.I was thinking I was craving some sushi (chapter 21 page 244)
22.I was looking at the old photo albums (chapter 22 page 248)
23.I was thinking of is this big festival coming up on the coast next month
(chapter 22 page 251)
1. Brooke had recently gone solo and her debut album (chapter 7 page 83)
2. Mia had gone to bed early so it was just the two of us finishing some
pretentious foreign movie (chapter 9 page 107)
3. I have blamed her for all of this, for leaving, for ruining me (chapter 16
page 190)
1. When we start shooting, I’ll do what he tells me (chapter 1 page 7)
Simple Future Tense
2. We’ll play with the vocals in the mixing (chapter 1 page 8)
3. I will fly with you tomorrow (chapter 2 page 28)
4. I will leave you alone, won’t even call (chapter 2 page 29)
5. She will get all upset with me for losing my “public face” in front of a
reporter (chapter 2 page 31)
6. She will take it all in, but she will need help (chapter 2 page 42)
7. I will leave you to lick your wounds or just get acquainted (chapter 7 page
83)
8. I will have a burger, fries and a beer (chapter 8 page 94)
9. You will never have healthy kids if you don’t put some meat on your
bones (chapter 8 page 94)
10.I will transcribe them and email them to you (chapter 11 page 128)
11.I will buy you flowers (chapter 11 page 131)
12.I will do what I am told (chapter 11 page 131)
13. You will blow your reputation otherwise (chapter 11 page 137)
14.You will need me to hold a flashlight if this takes much longer (chapter 15
15.The sun will rise and a new day will inarguably begin (chapter 16 page
176)
16.Kim will be delighted to know her early work may turn up in a national
magazine (chapter 16 page 179)
17.I will fill in the blanks (chapter 17 page 195)
18.I will pause and strain to pick out a voice from the crowd (chapter 17 page
199)
19.I will do whatever you want and I will quit the band, if you stay (chapter
18 page 200)
20.I will have this back to you y tonight (chapter 18 page 203)
21.I will bet Mrs. Schein loves that (chapter 20 page 226)
22.I will be your plus-one (chapter 21 page 245)
23.It will be during the day, on a weekend and outside, so not as loud
(chapter 22 page 251)
24.I will let everyone decide how to release this news (chapter 23 page 257)
1. Will she be joining you on the tour? (chapter 1 page 22)
4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 4.1 Conclusion
Based on the result, the writer drew the conclusion as such as: First,
there are 41 sentences with simple present tense. There are 22 sentences with
present tense and 19 sentences with present continuous tense. Second, there are
58 sentences with simple past tense. The most dominant tense used in the novel is
past tense. There are 32 sentences with past tense, 23 sentences with past
continuous tense and 3 sentences with past perfect tense. The last but not least,
there are 25 sentences with simple future tense, 24 sentences with future tense and
1 sentence with future continuous tense.
4.2 Suggestion
The writer would like to present some suggestion to the reader as
follows: the use of tenses is very important to make good sentences, not only in
writing but also in speaking. It will be better to use the short and the simple one to
get great affect for the readers. The novel is a good way to teach the students how
to practice and inform tenses; simple present tense, past tense and future tense in
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APPENDICES
A. BIOGRAPHY OF GAYLE FORMAN
Gayle Forman (born June 5, 1970) is an American writer who writes for young adults. Forman began her career writing for Seventeen Magazine in which
most of her articles focused on young people and social concerns. Later she
became a freelance journalist for publications like Details Magazine, Jane
Magazine, Glamour Magazine, The Nation, Elle Magazine and Cosmopolitan
Magazine. In 2002, she and her husband, Nick, took a trip around the world. From
her journeys, she garnered a wealth of experiences and information which later
served as a basis for her first book a travelogue You Can’t Get There From Here:
A Year On The Fringes Of A Shrinking World.
In 2007 she published her first young adult novel Sisters in Sanity which
she based on an article she had written for Seventeen. Her most recent novel If I
Stay is about a 17 years old girl who has been involved in a tragic car accident.
The novel follows Mia’s experience as she lies in a coma fully aware of what is
going on around her and everything her visitors say and do. Feeling the agony of
loss of those closest to her yet aware of the abounding love of those that remain,
she must make the choice to hang on or let go. Forman won the 2009 NAIBA
Book of the Year Awards and is a 2010 Indie Choice Honor Award winner for If I
Stay. She also wrote a sequel to If I Stay called Where She Went. It is about Adam
and Mia’s relationship after the accident. It is written in Adam’s point of view.
Other notable literary awards-British Fantasy Award (2010), An
Carolina Book Award Nominee for Young Adult Book Award (2011),
TAYSHAS High School Reading List (2010), Goodreads Choice Award Nominee
for Young Adult Fiction (2009), Milwaukee County Teen Book Award Nominee
(2010).
Gayle resides in Brooklyn, New York with her husband and daughter. At
the annual Los Angeles Times Festival of Books, Forman has participated in
panel discussions. She was on the panel “Young Adult Fiction: Teens and
Turmoil” with Jandy Nelson, Cyntia Kadohata and moderator Sonya Sones during
the 2010 event.
B. SUMMARY OF WHERE SHE WENT
Mia had everything: a loving family, a gorgeous, adoring boyfriend,
and a bright future full of music and full of choices. Then, in an instant, almost all
of that is taken from her. Caught between life and death, between a happy past
and an unknowable future, Mia spends one critical day contemplating the one
decision she has left—the most important decision she’ll ever make.
It's been three years since the devastating accident . . . three years
since Mia walked out of Adam's life forever. Now living on opposite coasts, Mia
is Juilliard's rising star and Adam is LA tabloid fodder, thanks to his new rock star
status and celebrity girlfriend. When Adam gets stuck in New York by himself,
chance brings the couple together again, for one last night. As they explore the
city that has become Mia's home, Adam and Mia revisit the past and open their