THE ANALYSIS OF THE INTRINSIC ELEMENTS OF THE
NOVEL
IF I STAY
BY GAYLE FORMAN
A PAPER
BY
OKKY AULIA DZIKRA
REG. NO. 092202023
Approved by
Supervisor,
Dra.SyahyarHanum, DPFE NIP. 19510907 197902 2 001
Submitted to Faculty of Culture Studies University of North Sumatera
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Diploma-III in English Study Program
Approved by
Head of English Diploma Study Program,
Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. NIP. 19521126198112 1 001
Approved by the Diploma-III of English Study Program Faculty of Letters, University of North Sumatera
Accepted by the Board of Examiner in partial of the requirements for the D-III Examination of the Diploma-III of English Study Program, Faculty of Culture Study, University of North Sumatera.
The examination is held on June 2012
Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara
Dean,
Dr. SyahronLubis, M.A. NIP. 19511013197603 1 001
Board of Examiners : Signature
1. Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. (Head of ESP) _________
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I am, OKKY AULIA DZIKRA, declare that I am the sole of author of this paper. Except where reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.
No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.
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Name : OKKY AULIA DZIKRA
Title of paper : The Analysis of the Intrinsic Elements of the Novel If I Stay by Gayle Forman
Qualification : D-III/ AhliMadya Study Program : English
I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Study Program Faculty of Culture Studies USU on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.
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ABSTRAK
ABSTRACT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Bismillaahirrahmaanirrahiim.
First of all, I would like to thank and praise to the Almighty God, Allah SWT for blessing and giving me health, strength and ease to accomplish this paper as one of the requirements to get Diploma III certificate from English Study Program Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara. And I present shalawat to Prophet Muhammad SAW as my good example in my life and I hope his blessing in the beyond.
I would like to express a deep gratitude, love, appreciation, and thanks to:
• My parents,Alm. Drs. H. DarmaSyamsi, SE and SitiWardjiah. Thank you for all your motivations, advices, prays, loves and financial. I present this paper for you.
• Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. as the Head of Diploma III English Study Program, who gives me a lot of knowledge.
• Dra. Syahyar Hanum, DPFE as my supervisor. Thank you for the valuable time in giving the correction and constructive critics in completing this paper.
• Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A. as the Dean of Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara.
• All lecturers in Diploma III English Study Program for giving me advices and knowledge.
• All of my friends in SOLIDAS 2009 and alumnus in SOLIDAS.
• My lovely girl, Dika Pratiwi Hutagalung. Thank you for all your love, affection, and the whole of best things that you ever gave to me. I would like to especially present this paper for us. I hope I could see you in the future as a new lady. And I love us until I tell you bye.
• My best friends Zahra Siagian, Farahbella Allyza, Endah Julyanmah, Susi Susanti, Fitriyawati Sembiring, Edtri Putri Ramadhani, Winda
Pradiastuti, Oktary Mustika Putri, Zean Evelyn Joanne, Irma
Supriyanti, Bungaran Petra Ageng Hutasoit, Rajendra Purba, Ahmad
Hanafi, Ferri Irawan, Riski Putra Harahap, Mariadi, Agung Fahmi
Pribadi. Thank you for your support, cares and other things that help me to complete this paper. Thank you for the nice friendship during our study. I will be missing the days we spent together.
• My best crew on Trans Kreasindo Production, our boss Mr. Didit,, our PIC, Edo Toshio Siahaan, and Ichan, Helmy, Darwin, Mulkan, Yos, Kiput, Abib, Herry, Azwin, Bungek, Benny, and Liza Annisa Gultom.
Thank you for the nice teamwork during our event. I will be missing the days we spent together.
Medan, 18thJuly, 2012
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...vii
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study... 1
1.2 Problems of the Study ... 2
1.3 Scopes of the Study ... 2
1.4 Reasons for Choosing the Topic... 3
1.5 The Purpose of Writing ... 3
2. REVIEW AND RELATED OF LITERATURE 2.1 What is Novel? 2.2 The Intrinsic Elements 2.2.1 The Theme ... 5
2.2.2 The Plot ... 7
2.2.3 The Characterization ... 8
2.2.4 The Settings ... 10
2.2.5 The Point of view ... 12
3. THE INTRINSIC ELEMENTS 3.1 The Theme ... 15
3.2 The Plot ... 15
3.3 The Characterization ... 17
3.4 The Setttings ... 20
3.5 The Point of view ... 22
4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION 4.1 Conclusions ... 23
4.2 Suggestion ... 24
REFERENCES ... 25
APPENDICES... 26
BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHOR ... 26
ABSTRAK
ABSTRACT
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Literature (from Latin litterae (plural); letter) is the art of written work, and is not confined to published sources (although, under some circumstances, unpublished sources can also be exempt). Roberts (1993: 1) says that literature also refers to compositions that tell stories, dramatize situations, express emotions, and analyze and advocate ideas. Before the invention of writing, literary works were necessarily spoken or sung, and were retained only as long as living people performed them. From the statement concluded that there are 3 kinds of literature, namely: (1) novel (a work of prose fiction written in the narrative, usually in the form of stories), (2) drama (literature designed to be performed by actors who played works of art orally among the players (dialogue)), (3) poetry (expresses a conversation or interchange that is grounded in the most deeply felt experiences of human beings)
Nurgiyantoro (2005:11) says that novel can freely express something, to present something more, more detailed and more involving many complex problems. This includes various the story elements that build the novel.
In this paper, the writer discusses the intrinsic elements that found in Gayle Forman’s novel If I Stay. This novel was leaving the reader with lingering feelings of both sadness and hope. This novel tells about how Mia who caught between life and death, and had to choose between a happy past and an unknowable future.
The writer tries to analyze about the intrinsic elements of the novel such as theme, plot, characters, setting, and point of view. The writer hopes by discussing the novel, the readers can understand more about the intrinsic elements of the novel.
1.2 The Problem
The writer discusses the intrinsic elements in the novel of If I Stay. The purpose is to find out and to understand about the intrinsic elements in a novel especially in the novel of If I Stay.
1.3 Scope of the Study
1.4 Reason for Choosing the Topics
I have the main purpose when decided to write the paper. I want to introduce the novel to all of the readers who have not read it yet. I realize that it is important to discuss the novel, especially in discussing the intrinsic elements in the novel of If I Stay.
1.5 Purpose of the Study
a) To fulfill one of passing requirement for Diploma III English Study Program.
2. REVIEW AND RELATED OF LITERATURE
2.1 The definition of novel
The word “novel” comes from the Italian, Novella, which means the new staff that small. The novel was originally developed in the region from other forms or narrative nonfiction, such as letters, biographies, and history. But with a shift in society and development time, the novel is not only based on data nonfiction, author of novel can change according to the desired imagination.
Rees (1973:106) says that novel is a fictitious prose narrative of considerable length in which characters and action representative of real live are portrayed in a plot of more or less complexity.
A novel is a totality, a comprehensiveness that is artistic. As a totality, the novel has passages elements, most related to one another in close and mutually dependent. The elements of a novel-builder who then collectively form a totality that-in addition to the formal elements of language, there are many more kinds. The division of the element in question is the intrinsic and extrinsic elements.
Novels, however are fictional,that is to say, they have been made up. A character in anovel can’t be compared to a real person from whom he or she has been copied, because, for example,there is no Jane Eyre in real life. She or any other character in a novel, only exist on the page. If an author tells you that a character is five foot with blue eyes, you can’t say: “no, I think the character is nearly six foot with brown eyes.”
something especially made by an author so that a reader will respond to it in a particular way. The good candidate has recognize three things about a novel: the events of the novel, the author who has created them,and the reader for whom the novel is written. In any good writing about a novel, these three things should be mentioned. They are, however not separable. For instance, the events of a novel are only there because the author has put them there, and they are only recognized as events when read by a reader.
The author, of course is the most important element; the events of the novel and the reactions of the reader depend upon what he or she chooses to do. Because without an author there could be no book at all, but there is also a much more important reason: a novel is a world especially made in words by an author.
Novel is narrative text informing of prose with a long shape that including some figures and fiction event. The intrinsic elements of novel are plot, setting, characterization, point of view, and theme.
Intrinsic elements (intrinsic) are the elements that build the literary work itself. Elements are what because the literary presents as a work of Martial Arts. Intrinsic elements of a novel element (directly) participate and build the story.
2.2 The Theme
nature. Themes often explore timeless and universal ideas and are almost implied rather than stated explicitly.
Theme, according to Stanton (1965:20) and Kenny (1966:88) is the meaning contained by a story. But there are many meanings conceived and offered by the story (the novel), then the problem is a special meaning which can be expressed as the theme.
Hartoko and Rahmanto (1986:142) says that the theme is the ideas of common bases that sustains a work of literature and are contained in the text semantic structure and sabagi regarding commonality or differences.
Tema adalah gagasan dasar umum yang terdapat dalam sebuah karya sastra dan yang terkandung di dalam teks sebagai struktur semantis dan yang menyangkut persamaan - persamaan dan perbedaan - perbedaan. (Hartoko dan Rahmanto, 1986:142)
Themes distilled from the motifs contained in the relevant work that determines the presence of events, conflicts and situations. The theme became the basis of development of the whole story, so he is animating the whole story. A common theme has a generalization, wider, and abstract. Principal themes as the meaning of a work of fiction is not deliberately hidden because precisely this that is offered to the reader. However, the overall theme is the meaning of which supported his story by itself would be hidden behind a story that supports it.
drama and short story. It reflects innocence, experience, live, death, reality, fate, madness, sanity, love, society, individual, etc.
Theme is also a general basic idea that supports a literature, and it implies in the text as semantic structure and connects with similarities and differences. Themes become basic development of the whole story, so it must represent the whole part of novel.
2.3 The Plot
Stanton (1965:14), suggested the plot is a story that contains the sequenceof events, but each incident is only connected in cause and effect, an event which caused or led to the occurance of events. Kenny (1966:14), promoted to the plot as the events shown in the story is not simple, because the author set the events based on the relation of cause and effect.
Perrine (1974:41) says that plot is the sequence of incident or events which the story is composed by and it may conclude what character says or thinks, as well as what he does, but it leaves out description and analysis and concentrate ordinarily on major happening.
climax which is the height of the conflict. The final section contains troubleshooting.
Plot is the serial arrangement of incidents, ideas or events. In literature, the plot encompasses all the incidents and provides aesthetic pleasure. The story of the novel progresses through various plots and conflicts.
Plot may be defined as a story’s sequence of incidents, arranged in dramatic order. One is tempted to insert the word “chronological.” But doing so would exclude many stories that depart from this strict ordering of events.
Hartoko (1985:48) says that there are two types of plot. They are: a) Flashback plot (mixed plot)
This technique is used by the author to display events in the past. b) Flash-forward plot (progressive plot)
This technique is easier to understand by the reader because the author tells the story chronologically.
2.4 The Characterization
Abram (1981:76) says that character is people who are appeared in a narrative prose or novel and it is interpreted by the readers as a person who has moral quality and certain tendency such as being expressed in what they say and what they do.
deliberately created the world in fiction, he has the complete freedom to display the characters according to his taste, whoever the person, whatever his social status, however his attitude and whatever the problems faced.
In fiction, a character may be defined as a verbal representation of a human being. Through action, speech, description, and commentary, authors portray character that are worth caring about, rooting for, and even loving, although there are also characters you may laugh at, dislike, or even hate.
Characters may be flat, minor characters; or round and major. The main characters in a story is generally known as protagonist, the character who opposes him is antagonist. Character is revealed by how a character responds to conflict.
Character is the people in a novel are referred as characters. We asses them on the basic of what the author tells us about them and on the basic of what they do and say. Another point to remember is that the characters are part of broader pattern. They are members of a society, and the author distinctive view of who people relate to society will be reflected in the presentation of every character.
Main and peripheral character
Peripheral characters are the actors who have part in supporting the story. The presence of the peripheral characters in whole story is smaller.in other words, peripheral characters in the whole story are limited and they are usually only related to the main characters.
2.5 The Setting
Rene and Austin (1982:131) say that setting refers to geographical location of the story, time priod, daily lifestyle of the characters and climate of the story.
Gill (1985:106) says that setting is a broad word. It covers the places in which characters are presented; the social context of characters, such as their families, friends and classes; the customs, beliefs and rules of behavior of their society; the scenes that are background or the situation for the events of the novel; and the total atmosphere, mood or feel that id created by these. All of them are examples of setting. When we study a novel, we should pay attention to setting, because it can make a contribution to the book. A successful setting is one which is appropriate to the section of the novel in which it appears and also, possibly, to the book as whole.
associated with the factual, the time to do or be associated with the historical events. Social background suggested on matters relating to the conduct of social life of the community in a place that is told.
When the reader reads a novel, they actually are faced a world that had been completed by the character and the events in the novel. But of course, those things are less complete because the characters need living space, place and time, like human’s living in the real world.
In other hand, novel not only needs characters, story and plot, but also setting. Setting usually directs to the definition of place, connection of time and social environment where the event happens. Setting gives the basic of story correctly and clear. The setting is important to give realistic impression to the readers, created a certain situation at a glanced is really happened. So, the readers feel easier to create their imagination and participation to criticize the story.
2.5.1 Setting of Place
Setting of place directs to the location where the event happened in a story. The use of setting which certain name should reflect the geographical condition of place. Each place must have their characteristic, which different with the others. The description of the place is important to give impression to the readers, because they will consider that the event really happened in the place of the story.
characters. Setting of place is decided by the accuracy of description, function, and the unity with another setting’s elements.
2.5.2 Setting of Time
Setting of time is related to the problem of when the event happens in a story. The problem of when is usually connected with factual time, that has connection with historical events. The readers try to understand and enjoy the story based on period.
2.5.3 Setting of Society
Social setting directs to the problem which are related to the behaviour of social life in certain place and certain time in a novel. Social setting has connection with the system of social life that contains many problems in complex scope, it can be habits, costumes, religion, ideology, and the way of thinking.
2.6 The Point of View
The point of view can be interpreted as how a story is told. Abrams state that point of view is the way of the author used s a means of displaying the characters, actions, background, and various events that make up the story in a fictional text to the readers. So, the point of view is the way, strategy, or tactic that is deliberately chosen by the writer to express stories and ideas. Selection of point of view in fiction, in many cases will affect the freedom, sharpness, and objectivity in telling stories, and it will also influence the level of plausibility of the story.
events that make up the story in a work of fiction to the reader. Today the importance of perspective in works of fiction no longer challenged. Viewpoint is considered as one of the important elements of fiction and decisive. The deviation angle of view is not just a matter of firts of third person, but rather a selection of characters who “he” or “I”, anyone who tell it, kids, adults, the villagers who do not know anything, modern man, politicians, students, or other.
The point of view or narrative perspective, characterization the way in which a text present a person, event, and setting. The point of view discusses about who is telling story, or from which position the events are perceived. In general, point of view is differentiated into three kinds : first person point of view, third person point of view, and mixed point of view.
Almost all narrative points of view can be classified as either first person or third person. In first person narration, the narrator is a participant in the action. He or she may be either a major character or a minor character and may be close to the event in time or distant from it.
2.6.1 The omniscient point of view
In which the author himself tells the story in the third person. The narrator knows everything about everyone in the story and can bring into plays as much of that knowledge as he chooses.
2.6.2 The first of point of view
The writer must whether the “I” is to be major or minor character, protagonist or observer, or someone merely repeating a narrative he has heard at second hand.
2.6.3 Observer’s point of view
In a modification of omniscient point of view, there is the narrative related from the vision of the single character used by the author as a central observer or central intelligence through whom anything cleared.
2.6.4 The objective point of view
3. THE ANALYSIS
3.1 The Analysis of the Theme
If I Stay novel tells about how Mia Hall who has an out of body experience and catches between life and death has to choose between a happy past and an unknowable future.
The main character is Mia Hall. Mia is a teenager who is very musically gifted, kind and quiet girl. She loves her family, her cello, her boyfriend Adam, and friends.
Mia has a boyfriend who loves rock music, Adam Wilde. He is a vocalist of his band, “Shooting Star” and he adores Mia and Mia’s family. So, the theme of this novel is about love.
When Adam showed up in a sharkskin suit and Creepers (an ensemble that wholly impressed Dad), I realized that this really was a date. Of course, Adam would choose dress up for the symphony and a 1960s sharkskin suit could have just been his cool take on formal, but I knew there was more to it than that. He seemed nervous as he shook hands with my dad and told him that he had his band’s old CDs. “To use as coasters, I hope,” Dad said. Adam looked surprised, unused to the parent being more sarcastic than the child, I imagine. “Your parents are so cool,” Adam said, opening the car door for me. “I know,” I replied. (If I Stay, page 37)
story begins when Mia and her family drives to Portland, to visit Henry and Willow, Mia’s parent’s friends.
“Indeed. But we might take advantage of this unexpected boon and go somewhere,” Dad says. “Take a drive. Visit Henry and Willow.” Henry and Willow are some of Mom and Dad’s old music friends who’d also had akid and decided to start behaving like grown-ups. They live in a big old farmhouse. (If I Stay, page 9)
Then, in the second chapter, it tells that they get a car accident in the middle of their trip. All of the family are dead in that accident, but different thing happens to Mia. She has an out-of-body experience.
The car is broken. The impact of a four-ton pickup truck going sixty miles an hour plowing straight into the passenger side had the force of an atom bomb. It tore off the doors, sent the front-side passenger seat through the driver’s-side window. It flipped the chassis, bouncing it across the road and ripped the engine apart as if it were no stronger than a spiderweb. It tossed wheels and hubcaps deep into the forest. It ignited bits of the gas tank, so that now tiny flames lap at the wet road. (If I Stay, page 15)
I approach closer and now I know that it’s not Teddy lying there. It’s me. The blood from my chest has seeped through my shirt, skirt, and sweater, and is now pooling like paint drops on the virgin snow. One of my legs is askew, the skin and muscle peeled away so that I can see white streaks of bone. My eyes are closed, and my dark brown hair is wet and rusty with blood. (If I Stay, page 17)
Then, for the next 16 chapters, it tells about how Mia Hall who has an out-of-body experience and catches between life and death has to choose between a happy past and an unknowable future.
But, while the author tells the story chronologically in these 16 chapters, there is a few separated chapters which displays the events in the past.
When Mom had Teddy, Dad was still playing drums in the same band he’s been in since college. They’d released a couple of CDs; they’d gone on a tour every summer. The band was by no means big, but they had a following in the Northwest and in various college towns between here and Chicago. (If I Stay, page 182)
And finally, after a long fight, Mia gets her life back. She chooses to stay alive with their loving people, like her boyfriend, Adam and her bestfriend, Kim.
But then I feel Adam’s hand. Not sense it, but feel it. I’m not sitting huddled in the chair anymore. I’m lying on my back in the hospital bed, one again with my body. (If I Stay, page 233)
3.3 The Analysis of Character
We usually will face several characters that are appeared in a story. But each character has different role. Based on “If I Stay” novel, these are the main characters.
Main Characters
There are three main characters found in “If I Stay” novel. They are Mia Hall, Adam Wilde, and Kim Schein.
3.3.1 Mia Hall
Mia Hall is a teenager who is quiet and very musically gifted. She plays cello and loves classical music.
Most kids wanted to learn to play guitar or saxophone. (If I Stay, page 22)
The audition was grueling. I had to play five pieces: a Shostakovich concerto, two Bach suites, all Tchaikovsky’s Pezzo capriccioso, which was next to impossible, and a movement from Ennio Morricone’s The Mission, a fun but risky choice because Yo Yo Ma had covered this and everyone would compare. (If I Stay, page 50)
And it wasn’t like I was a dork, either. I have friends and a bestfriend to sit with at lunch. I have other good friends at the music conservatory camp. I went to in the summer. People liked me well enough, but they also didn’t really know me. I was quiet in class. I didn’t raise my hands a lot or sass the teachers. (If I Stay, page 34)
3.3.2 Adam Wilde
Adam is Mia’s boyfriend. He is very handsome and loves music. He plays guitar and sings for his band, “Shooting Star.”
Still, his attention baffled me. It wasn’t that Adam was such a popular guy. He wasn’t a jock or a most-likely-to-succeed sort. But he was cool. Cool in that he played in a band with people who went to the college in town. Cool in that he has his own rockery style, procured from thrift stores and garage sales, not from Urban Outfitters knockoffs. Cool in that he seemed totally happy to sit in the lunchroom absorbed in a book, not just pretending to read because he didn’t have anywhere to sit or anyone to sit with. That wasn’t the case at all. He has a small group of friends and a large group of admirers (If I Stay, page 33)
The club where Shooting Star was playing was packed. Everyone was in costume, most of the girls in the kinds of racy getups---cleaveage-baring Frenchs maids. When Adam finished his set, I was as painting and sweaty as he was. I didn’t go backstage to greet him before everyone else got to him. I waited for him to go to the floor of the club, to meet his public like he did at the end of every show. (If I Stay, page 97-98)
3.3.3 Kim Schein
Kim is Mia’s bestfriend. Kim is sarcastic, and obedient to her emotional mother. Kim and Mia are very alike and perceived as “dark and studious.”
sarcastic sense of humor, that I cannot imagine her ever being like her mother. Then again, I don’t have much basis for comparison. (If I Stay, page 64)
Maybe it was because we were too alike. As soon as Kim showed up on the scene, everyone assumed we would be the best friends just because we were both dark, quiet, studious, and at least outwardly, serious. (If I Stay, page 68)
Peripheral Characters
There are three peripheral characters in “If I Stay” novel. They are Teddy Hall, Kat Hall, and Denny Hall.
3.3.4 Teddy Hall
Teddy is Mia’s little brother. Mia is extremely fond of Teddy, saying he is like her own kid. Teddy admires Mia and the two are very close. Throughout the book, Mia worries the most about Teddy, as it is inclear at first to whether or not he is died alongside her parents in the accident.
Teddy’s face broke into a wide grin, showing off the gap of his missing front tooth. “That’s kind of what Mom said, but I just wanted to make sure she wasn’t just telling me that so I wouldn’t bug her about the costume. You’re taking me trick-or-treating, right?” He looked at me now. “Just like every year,” I answered. “How else am I gonna get candy?” “You’re coming, too?” he asked Adam. “I wouldn’t miss it.” (If I Stay, page 90)
3.3.5 Kat Hall
Mia’s mother is a “tough as nails, tender as kitten feminist bitch” she loves rock and her family. She has previously had issues with Mia’s love for classical music, but accepts it as apart of Mia’s life.
“Not practice? For twenty-four hours? Be still, my broken heart,” Mom says. Though she has acquired a taste for classical music over the years---“it’s like learning to appreciate a stinky cheese”---she’s been a not-always-delighted captive audience for many of my marathon rehearsals. (If I Stay, page 8)
People called Mom “bitch a lot, probably because she had a hard time holding her tongue and could be brutally blunt when she disagreed with you. She would explode like a thunderstorm, and then be fine again. Anyhow, she didn’t care that people called her a bitch. “It’s just another word for feminist,” she told me with pride. (If I Stay, page 70)
3.3.6 Denny Hall
Mia’s father is quite rebellious but is also mature. Both of Mia’s parents approve and even love Mia’s boyfriend, Adam.
In a funny way, Dad was always a bow-tie wearer, always a little more traditional than you might imagine. Because even though he had blue hair and tattoos and wore leather jackets and worked in a record store, hewanted to marry Mom back at a time when the rest of their friends were still having drunken one-night stands. “Girlfriend is such a stupid word,” he said. “I couldn’t stand calling her that. So, we had to get married, so I could call her ‘wife.’” (If I Stay, page 82)
“It’s mostly hot air, you know, part of his whole bow-tie-Dad thing. I think Dad likes Adam. He met him when he picked me up for the concert. Nowhe wants me to bring him over the dinner, but it’s only been a week. I’m not quiet ready for a meet-the-folks moment yet. (If I Stay, page 112)
3.4 The Analysis of Setting
3.4.1 The Setting of Place
The author of If I Stay novel chooses Oregon, USA as the place. The main places are Juilliard School in New York, and hospital in Portland.
Portland. I am fairly certain that I’m being taken there. The helicopter pilot keeps talking to Trauma One. Outside the window, I can see the peak of Mount Hood looming. That means Portland is close. (If I Stay, page 31)
Juilliard was across the country. And expensive. Mom and Dad were intrigued with the idea of it. But I could tell neither one of them really wanted to relinquish me to New York City or go into hock so that I could maybe become a cellist for some second-rate small-town orchestra.(If I Stay, page 47)
I wake up this morning to a thin blanket of white covering out front lawn. It isn’t eve an inch, but in this part of Oregon a slight dusting brings everything to a standstill as the one snowplow in the counry gets busy clearing the roads. (If I Stay, page 3)
3.4.2 The Setting of Time
The author of “If I Stay” novel chooses the time in early to middle 1990s as the setting of time.
I wound up going to college in Oregon in the early to middle 1990s, a time when the music scene in the Pacific Northwest was really exploding. (If I Stay, page 255)
3.4.3 The Setting of Society
Kerry Gifford was a musician in town, one of Mom and Dad’s people. Unlike Dad and Herry, who as they got older and had families became less music performers than music connoisseurs, Kerry stayed single and stayed faithful to his first love: playing music. He was in three bands and he earned his living doing the sound at a local club. (If I Stay, page 165)
3.5 The Analysis of Point of View
In the “If I Stay” novel, the author uses the first person of point of view as her technique. To tell about the story, she uses first person “I” as the main character.
As I walked him out to his car, I wanted to tell him that I loved him. But it seemed like such a cliche after what we’d just done. So I waited and told him the next day. “That’s a relief. I thought you might just be using me for sex,” he joked, smiling. (If I Stay, page 62)
4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION
4.1 Conclusions
After studying Gayle Forman : “If I Stay” novel, the writer would like to conclide the analysis of the novel.
a) The theme of this novel is about love. It is about the love between Mia Hall and Adam Wilde, and how love could make us immortal. b) This novel has mixed plot and three main characters. They are Mia
Hall, Adam Wilde, and Kim Schein.
c) And about the setting, there are three settings of this novel. The author chooses the hospital in Portland, and Juilliard School in New York as the main places. And the time in the early to middle 1990s as the setting of time. As the setting of society, the author uses the society in that time too and chooses classical and rock music which has raised Mia.
4.2 Suggestion
REFERENCES
Forman, Gayle. 2009. If I Stay. New York : Penguin Group.
Forman, Gayle. 2011. If I Stay Terjemahan. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Gill, Richard. 1985. Mastering English Literature. London: McMillan Education LTD.
Gwynn, R. S. 2002. Fiction a Pocket Anthology Third Edition. New York: Penguin Academics.
Hamamalian, Leo and Karl, Frederick R. 1967. The Shape of Fiction. McGraw Hill Inc, Printed in United States of American.
Nazir, Moh.1983. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta Timur: Ghalia Indonesia.
Nurgiyantoro, Burhan.1965. Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.
Stanton, Robert.1965. An Introduction of Fiction. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.
Sukada, Made. 1987. Pembinaan Kritik Sastra Indonesia MasalahSistematika Analisis Struktur Fiksi. Bandung: Angkasa.
Wellek, Rene and Austin Warren. 1956,1962. Theory of Literature. New York: A Harvest Books.
Wellek, Rene and Warren, Austin. 1982. Theory Literary. Harmond Sworth, Middlesex: England. Penguin Book Ltd.
APPENDICES
A. BIOGRAPHY OF GAYLE FORMAN
Gayle Forman (born June 5, 1970) is an American writer who writes for young adults.Forman began her career writing for Seventeen Magazine in which most of her articles focused on young people and social concerns. Later she became a freelance journalist for publications likeDetails Magazine, her journeys, she garnered a wealth of experiences and information which later served as a basis for her first book a travelogue You Can't Get There From Here: A Year On The Fringes Of A Shrinking World.
In 2007 she published her first young adult novel Sisters in Sanity which she based on an article she had written for Seventeen. Her most recent novel
also wrote a sequel to If I Stay called Where She Went. It is about Adam and Mia's relationship after the accident. It is written in Adam's point of view.
Other notable literary awards-British Fantasy Award (2010), An ALA/YALSA Quick Pick for Reluctant Young Adult Readers (2010), South Carolina Book Award Nominee for Young Adult Book Award (2011), TAYSHAS High School Reading List (2010), Goodreads Choice Award Nominee for Young Adult Fiction (2009), Milwaukee County Teen Book Award Nominee (2010).
B. Summary of If I Stay
If I Stay tells about how Mia Hall, a teenager girl who had everything such as a loving family, a gorgeous and adoring boyfriend named Adam Wilde, and a bright future full of music and a fulll of choices. One day, in an instant, almost all of that is taken from her. Mia and her family got a car accident. Her father, Denny Hall; her mother, Kat Hall; and her brother, Teddy Hall were dead in that accident. But different thing happened with Mia. In a coma, Mia has an out of body-experience. She could see how her father was dead with the pieces of her father’s brain are on the asphalt. And, she could see how herself was tragically bleeding with one of her legs was askew, the skin and muscle peeled away so that she could see white streaks of bone.
The adventure was began, Mia actually should to ask herself, “am I dead?” At first it seemed obvious that she is. Again and again she should to wonder if she’s dead but then she tells herself no. The doctors and nurses would not rescued and save her if she was dead.
And fortunately, Adam is on the hospital to see how his girlfriend’s condition right now. But, it’s not so easy for Adam to see Mia. Only the family gather can see her, not for a stranger. This is the coolest part of this story, we can see how romantic Adam who is trying to see Mia, his girlfriend, no matter what happened. Until one time, Willow helps Adam and Kim to see how bad Mia right now. Absolutely, Adam cries when he looks Mia.
