AN ANALYSIS OF GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN WRITING RECOUNT MADE BY THE ELEVENTH GRADE NATURAL SCIENCE AND
SOCIAL SCIENCE STUDENTS’ AT SMA NEGERI 6 TANJUNGBALAI
A THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
By:
SOFA MARWA
Registration Number: 2122121041
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
DECLARATION
I have familiarized myself with the University’s Policy on Academic integrity. Except where appropriately acknowledge, this thesis is my own work, has been expressed in my own words and has not previously been submitted for assessment.
I understand that this thesis may be screened electronically or otherwise for plagiarism.
Medan, September 2016
Sofa Marwa
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ABSTRACT
Marwa, Sofa. 2122121041. An Analysis of Grammatical Errors in Writing Recount Made by the Eleventh Grade Natural Science and Social Science Students’ at SMA Negeri 6 Tanjungbalai. A Thesis. English Education Study Program. Faculty of Language and Arts. State University of Medan. 2016. The aim of this study is to discover the analysis of grammatical errors in writing recount text that have been done by the natural science and social science students. The descriptive qualitative research is used as the research method. This research took place at SMA Negeri 6 Tanjungbalai. There were 2 classes chosen as the sample with 30 students in each class. The classes were divided into two classes namely natural science class and social science class. The instrument of the research is the free recount writing made by the students. The most dominant type of grammatical errors made by the eleventh grade natural science and social science students in writing recount text are verb. The result has shown the total errors in natural science students are 130 while in social science students are 105 in the other words the average score of natural science class is 50,8 while in social science class is 62,6. This study has shown that the natural science students are not always good than social science students.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First and foremost, the writer would like to express her greatest gratitude to Allah SWT for the health, knowledge and opportunity given by Him that this thesis can eventually be accomplished.
This thesis is submitted to the English Department in Faculty of Language and Arts, State University of Medan as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for taking the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan.
During the process of accomplishing this thesis, the writer would thank many people who have shown their care, support and assistance. Therefore, she would like to express her deepest gratitude and appreciation to:
1. Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of Medan.
2. Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
3. Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English and Literature Department as well as her Thesis Consultant for the consistent support and suggestion for during this thesis writing process right from the very beginning. knowledge, guidance and advice in the academic years.
9. Usman and Sawiyah, her beloved parents, Rezky Fitria, her lovely younger sisters and all her relatives for the everlasting love, prayer as well as moral and material support in her whole life.
10.Eis Sri Wahyuningsih, M.Pd., and Mr. Pantes, the administration staffs of English and Literature Department who always helped the writer during his academic years.
11.All her classmates in Regular B 2012 who cannot be mentioned one by one that conquered the lectures and also have been cooperatively supporting the writer in completing this thesis.
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13.Budi Santoso, S.Pd., for love, time, laughter, happiness, supports, togetherness and everything he gave that can make the writer experiences other sides of life.
14.Her best friend Armaida, Jumita, Yudhi Aditya Kurniawan, S.Pd, Margareth, Shinta, Plinda, and Dewi for their valuable support, laugh, advice and motivation throughout her ups and downs.
The writer realizes that her thesis is still far from being perfect, therefore she warmly welcomes any constructive suggestions that will improve the quality of this thesis. She hopes that this thesis would be beneficial for further research.
Medan, September 2016 The writer,
Sofa Marwa
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CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ... 8
A. Theoretical Framework ... 8
5. Natural Science Student ... 19
6. Social Science Student ... 19
B. Relevant Studies ... 20
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CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHOD ... 22
A. Research Design ... 22
B. Population and Sample ... 23
C. The Instrument of Data Collection ... 24
D. The Procedure of Data Collection ... 24
E. The Technique of Analyzing Data ... 24
1. Identifying the errors ... 24
2. Classifying the errors ... 24
3. Calculating the errors ... 25
4. Scoring the students work ... 25
5. Putting the result into table ... 26
CHAPTER 1V. DATA, DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS, AND DISCUSSION .. 27
A. Data ... 27
1. The qualitative Data ... 27
a. Students’ grammatical errors ... 27
B. Data Analysis ... 33
1. Analysis of qualitative data ... 33
a. Grammatical errors analysis ... 33
C. Findings ... 44
D. Discussion ... 46
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ... 48
A. Conclusion ... 48
B. Suggestion ... 49
REFERENCES ... 50
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LIST OF TABLES
Pages
Table 2.1 The Three Fundamentals of Genre Based Writing ... 15
Table 2.2 The Rhetorical Structure or the Textual Elements in Recount Text ... 17
Table 3.1 The result of students work ... 26
Table 4.1 Grammatical errors of natural science students ... 28
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LIST OF FIGURE
Page
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LIST OF CHARTS
Pages
Chart 4.1 Error in using noun ... 35
Chart 4.2 Error in using pronoun ... 36
Chart 4.3 Error in using verb ... 38
Chart 4.4 Error in using adverb ... 39
Chart 4.5 Error in using article ... 41
Chart 4.6 Error in using preposition ... 42
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
APPENDIX A ... 52
APPENDIX B ... 53
APPENDIX C ... 59
APPENDIX D ... 65
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Language is used as a means of communication in human being life. It is very important because it is used when people make an interaction with other people. Language is central to human experience and if we are to understand the process by which men communicate with one another, we must look closely at the human capacity for language and at the particular qualities of language which enable it to play so powerful a role within us and between us (Byrne, 1980: 16).
Considering the importance of the language, Indonesia’s government has
drawn up English as a foreign language that should be mastered by the students. In Indonesia, English teaching aims at mastering four basic skills of language, which include listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. One of these four skills which is very important and most required in academic field writing.
Writing skills are related to speaking and reading. Llach and Pilar (2011:40) say ‘the traditional belief, strongly supported by the structuralist and behaviourist schools, contented that oral language is the genuine manifestation of language and that writing is merely rendering of the spoken language’. We must
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of language skills by which students can express their ideas in written form. It means that they have to be able to write correct sentences and arrange them into a good paragraph.
Indonesian schools divide the classes of Grade eleventh into Natural Science and Social Science classes. Natural Science and Social Science are two different majors in Senior High School. The specific Natural Science subjects are Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. The focus of Natural Science is nature. The specific Social Science subjects are Economics, Geography, and Sociology. The focus of Social Science is society. Compared to the Social Science, the Natural Science rely more mathematically based methods (Boutellier, 2011: 3).
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Science as well as the Natural Science students in the case of writing an English text with proper grammatical structures.
Natural science students make errors in use of verb tenses because English language is different from Indonesian. In Indonesian language, there is no rule about past form. They miss to change the verb from the first form to second form. Sometimes, they forget to distinguish regular verb and irregular verb. While, Social science students make errors in usage because they are interfered by Indonesian language. In Indonesian language pattern, there is no rule on using articles (definite and indefinite article), preposition, and singular-plural (countable noun and uncountable noun). By making errors in their practice of learning, they will later find out what errors they have made and are expected to improve the errors itself.
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Khansir (2012) says the basic task of error analysis is to describe how learning occurs by examining the learner’s output and this includes his or her correct and incorrect utterances. Hourani (2012) indicates that errors are significant in three different ways. First to the teachers, in that they tell them how far towards the goal the learners have advanced and consequently, what remains for them to learn. Secondly, they provide to the researchers evidence of how language is learnt or acquired, what strategies or procedures the learners are employing in their discovery of the language. Thirdly, they are indispensable to the learners themselves, because we can regard the making of errors as a device the learners use in order to learn.
Crystal (2008: 173) says that ‘Errors are assumed to reflect, in a systematic way, the level of competence achieved by a learner; they are contrasted with ‘mistakes’, which are performance limitations that a learner would be able to correct’. Hourani (2012) notes, 'Knowing more about how grammar works is to
understand more about how grammar is used and misused'. By looking through the previous researches, it can be concluded that though Error Analysis seems to be unimportant, it actually has its specific purpose and useful result for teachers, students, and other researchers in education field.
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ability in writing recount with proper grammatical structures, or one is better than the other. In addition, the findings of the research can also be used as a prove to see whether the judgment of the society about Natural Science students are better than Social Science students is true or not at SMA Negeri 6 Tanjungbalai.
B.The Problem of the Study
Based on the background of the study above, the problems found are: 1. What kinds of grammatical errors that are found in the recount text
written by the eleventh grade Natural Science and Social Science students?
2. What is the dominant errors made by the students of Natural Science and Social Science?
C.The Scope of the Study
This research will only focus on errors found in student’s writing recount
text especially in grammar. In grammar errors, there are also many kinds of errors. Sawalmeh (2013:1) states that there are some kinds of error in grammar. They are errors in verb tense, word order, singular/plural form, subject-verb agreement, double negatives, spellings, capitalization, articles, sentence fragments and prepositions. This research will only focus grammar errors found in student’s
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grade students of Natural Science and Social Science at SMA Negeri 6 Tanjungbalai.
D.The Objective of the Study
Based on the research statement, this particular study aimed at finding out: 1. To know the kind of grammatical errors which found in recount text
written by the students of grade eleventh natural science and social science.
2. To know the dominant errors that made by students of natural science and social science students.
E. The Significance of the Study
Finding of the study are expected to be relevant theoretically and practically.
1. Theoretically
Theoretically the study will be useful for English teacher the implication of teaching recount text.
2. Practically
Practically the study (findings) to the students of natural science and social science students will give some contributions to row to develop teaching recount text.
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2. For the students, this research becomes feedback for them so they can be better in learning English, especially in writing.
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSSION AND SUGGESTION
This chapter presents the conclusions of the result of study that has been discussed in previous chapter and also suggestions for English teacher, students, and readers.
A. CONCLUSION
Based on the data analysis of research at eleventh grade students at SMA Negeri 6 Tanjungbalai, the researcher wants to present the conclusions. The conclusions is the natural science student’s made 15 or 11,53% and the social science
student’s made 11 or 10,47% noun errors. The natural science student’s made 5 or
3,84% and the social science students’ made 1 or 0,95% pronoun errors. The natural science students’ made 77 or 59,23% and the social science students’ made 71 or 67,61% verb errors. The natural science students’ made 6 or 4,61%and the social science students’ made 1 or 0,95% adverb errors. The natural science students’ made
5 or 3,84% and the social science students’ made 2 or 1,9% article errors. The natural
students’ made 16 or 12,3% and the social science students’ made 15 or 14,28%
preposition errors. The natural science students’ made 16 or 12,3% and the social
students’ made 4 or 3,8% conjunction errors. It can be seen from the previous chart.
The dominant error was verb. The reason why they made errors is because some of students commonly make grammar mistakes in their learning especially in writing
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such as tenses, there are no tenses in Indonesia language. So, they confuse in using the right tenses for their writing.
By having analyzed the data, the researcher has found the result, that the natural science students are not always better than social science students. It can be seen from the average score of natural science class is 50,8 while social science class is 62,6. In this case we can’t say that the natural science students are good in writing text rather than social science students. This study has proved the perspective which has been made by the society is not always true, it can be seen well from the results that have been done by the students.
B. SUGGESTION
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