PSIKOLOGI OLAHRAGA (SPORT PSYCHOLOGY) OPENCOURSEWARE UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN JAYA Slide PSY 417 CH 04

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Wahyu Gabriel Thamrin,

wahyu.gabrielthamrin@student.upj.ac.id

Fandy Nofaldiansyah,

fandi.nofaldiansyah@student.upj.ac.id

Messy Nurjanah

messy.nurjanah@student.upj.ac.id

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WAHYU G. THAMRIN | Page 3 UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN JAYA

How do elite athletes assess their

performance?

“Success isn’t measured by the

position you realize in life, but by

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Theoretical Basis

• Stability

• Locus of Control

Merasa bertanggung jawab terhadap performanya

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Changing Locus of Causality

• There is a disagreement among scientists about how locus of causality/control can change.

• There are two types of locus of control : Internal and External

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1-4 Must Have Factors For Change

1. Environmental Conditions: Positive and consistent feedback.

2. Frequent Experiences : Frequent Success, by the critiques and achievments from the athletes task experiences.

3. Task Meaningfulness : The more meaningful the task for the athlete, the more completing it triggers a change in the locus of control.

4. Credible Information Source : A credible source of feedback is more likely to change the athletes locus of control.

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Attributions and Skilled Athletes

• Skilled athletes blame their

performances on internal causes(ability and effort)

• Some elite athletes dont always feel responsible for a team loss

• Blaming on other teammates or other external factors

• Certain situations or personalities encourage acceptance of personal responsibility

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Learned Helplessness

• Maladapted achievement patterns that result in dropping performances and poor success rate.

• Lack of outstanding success also sometimes combined with low self esteem lead to lower involvement and lesser challenging attittude to reach a higher goal.

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Attribution Retraining

• Helplessness can be treated by learning to change

attributional patterns (tendencies of explaining why they lost,etc.)

• Here again, praise alone is less effective than the actual true experience of both success and failure in treatment to

correct helplessness.

• Attribution retraining should include positive emotional states and expectancies after success and failure.

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Coaches’ Role in Attributions and Helplessness

1. Coaches need to know the factors of an athlete’s helplessness 2. The ability to explain performance outcomes

3. To interpret that the athlete’s participation is at least partially successul 4. The ability to know the extent of an athlete’s willingness to take

responsibility

5. The ability to change locus of causality in their athletes

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Coaching suggestions to face helplessness

1. Know when to use internal and not to use external attributions

2. Use task difficulty attributions to prevent low self confidence or low self esteem using

3. Importance of skill learning to reduce helplessness

4. Create sport situations that foster success (light weight v/s light weight)

5. Avoid comparing athletes

6. Offer supportive messages

7. Not downgrading an athlete’s success, with consideration

8. Reflect reality in attributions

9. Avoid affect attribution for failure when the outcome is based on physiological parameters

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