SOUTHERN DIALECT USED BY LIEUTENANT ALDO RAINE IN THE MOVIE “INGLOURIOUS BASTERDS”.

Southern Dialect Used by Lieutenant Aldo Raine in the

Movie

“Inglourious Basterds”

A THESIS

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of Humanities UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

By:

Lutfiansyah

Reg. Number: A83211158

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SUNAN AMPEL

ii

Southern Dialect Used by Lieutenant Aldo Raine in

the Movie

“Inglourious Basterds”

Lutfiansyah

Reg. Number: A83211158

Thesis Advisor

Raudlotul Jannah, M.App.Ling.

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SUNAN AMPEL

xiv

INTISARI

Lutfiansyah. 2015. Southern Dialect Used by Lieutenant Aldo Raine in the Movie

“Inglourious Basterds” Thesis. English Deparment, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, State Islamic University Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Advisor: Raudlotul Jannah, M.App.Ling.

Kata kunci: Language variation, Southern Dialect, Aldo the Apache

Penelitian ini fokus pada salah satu dialek Inggris-Amerika yang digunakan oleh seorang Letnan Aldo Raine di sebuah film “Inglourious Basterds.

Ada dua permasalahan dibidang studi ini. (1) Pola-pola dialek apakah yang digunakan oleh Letnan Aldo Raine di sebuah film “Inglourious Basterds? (2) Apa pengaruh dialek yang digunakan oleh Aldo Raine di sebuah film “Inglourious

Basterds? Penulis menggunakan teori Holmes dan Wardhaugh untuk menjawab pola dan pengaruh penggunaan dialek yang digunakan oleh Letnan Aldo Raine. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penulis menafsirkan dan menggambarkan ungkapan-ungkapan yang diucapkan oleh Aldo Raine beserta dengan karakter-karakter yang lain yang berhubungan. Data-data penelitian juga diperoleh dari ungkapan-ungkapan Aldo dengan karakter yang lainnya baik dalam bentuk kalimat dan dialog.

Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menemukan bahwa dialek yang digunakan oleh Aldo Raine berasal dari wilayah selatan Amerika. Semua ungkapan yang diucapkan oleh Aldo menunjukan sebagai dialek selatan Amerika.Dari beragam fonologi, tata bahasa dan variasi kosa kata, dialek Aldo dikategorikan sebagai dialek dari kalangan kelas bawah. Disisi lain, dialek tersebut digunakan oleh kalangan orang kulit putih.

Didalam film, Aldo dikenalkan sebagai seorang karakter yang berasal orang pribumi Amerika yang memiliki ras suku Indian didalam dirinya. Meskipun Aldo seorang Letnan tentara Amerika, dia tetap memakai dialeknya kepada prajurit-prajurit dan musuh-musuhnya. Itu dikarenakan solidaritas dan situasi. Aldo menggunakan dialek kepada prajuritnya sebagai bentuk solidaritas. Dan dia juga menggunakan dialek kepada musuh-musuhnya untuk menunjukan identitasnya sebagai orang asli Amerika. Maka dari itu, dia dikenal sebagai Aldo the Apache.

ABSTRACT

Lutfiansyah. 2015. Southern Dialect Used by Lieutenant Aldo Raine in the Movie

“Inglourious Basterds”. Thesis. English Deparment, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, State Islamic University Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Advisor: Raudlotul Jannah, M.App.Ling.

Key words: Language variation, Southern Dialect, Aldo the Apache

This research focuses on analyzing one of American English dialect used by Lieutenant Aldo Raine in “Inglourious Basterds” movie. There are two problem of this study: (1) What are the patterns of dialect used by Lieutenant Aldo Raine in movie of ‘Inglourious Basterds’? (2) What is the effect of the dialect used by Lieutenant Aldo Raine in movie of ‘Inglourious Basterds’? The writer tends to use the theory Holmes and Wardhaugh to answer the dialect pattern and the effect of using dialect that used by Lieutenant Aldo Raine. The analysis is used qualitative approach. The writer describes and interprets the utterances uttered by Aldo Raine and other related characters. Also, the data are taken from Aldo’s utterances and other related characters in the sentences and dialogues.

In this research, the writer found that the dialect used by Aldo Raine is from the Southern a part of United State. In all his utterances are indicated as Southern dialect. From the phonology features, grammatical pattern and vocabulary variation Aldo’s dialect is categorized as lower social group. Besides, Southern dialect itself is commonly used by white people.

In the movie, Aldo is introduced as a character from Native American which has a little Indian in himself. Although Aldo is a lieutenant of American soldier, he tends to use his dialect to his soldiers and his enemy. It is due to the solidarity and situation. Aldo used his dialect as solidarity to his soldiers and also he used his dialect to his enemy to show his identity as American. On the other hand, he is well known as Aldo the Apache.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Inside Cover Page i

Inside Title Page ii

Motto iii

Declaration Page iv

Dedication Page v

Thesis Advisor’s Approval Page vi

Thesis Examiner’s Approval Page vii

Acknowledgements viii

Table of Contents ix

Table of List xi

Abstract xiii

Intisari xiv

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1. Background of The Study 1

1.2. Statement of The Problem 6

1.3. Objective of The Study 6

1.4. Significant of The Study 7

1.5. Scope and Limitation 8

1.6. Definition of Key Term 9

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 11

2.1. Language Variation 11

2.2. Dialect 13

2.2.1. Phonology Features 15

2.2.2. Grammatical Pattern 16

2.2.3. Vocabulary Variation 18

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHOD 21

3.1. Research Approach 21

3.2. Data and Data Source 22

3.3. Research Instrument 22

3.4. Technique of Data Collection 23

3.5. Technique of Data Analysis 24

CHAPTER 4 FINDING AND DISCUSSION 25

4.1. Findings 25

4.1.1. Dialect Pattern 25

4.1.1.1. Phonology Feature 27

4.1.1.2. Grammatical Pattern 43

4.1.1.3. Vocabulary Variation 56

4.2. Discussion 57

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 60

REFERENCES 62

1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

In this chapter, the writer explains about background of the study, problems of

the study, objectives of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and

the definition of the key terms.

1.1Background of the Study

Language variation always exist insides any one single language in society.

People have different way to use the same language. It indicates that no one

speaks the same way all the time. For instance, university student from

Bojonegoro may speak differently with their friend from Surabaya. It is due to

they tend to use their language which they feel proper for their environment and

situation. Therefore, in this case, the writer is going to analyze language variation.

Language variation is a specific linguistic items or human speech pattern

(e.g. sound, words, grammatical features, etc) which is uniquely associated with

some external factors, such as a geographical area or a social group (Wardhaugh,

2006). For instance, as the sound, the word brought is uttered differently between British and American speaker. British pronounce brought as /brɔt/ and American

pronounce brought as /brɑːt/. Then, as the word, Australians talk of sole parents,

while people in England call them single parents, and New Zealanders call them

2

have, though this can now also be heard in Britain alongside the traditional British English have you got. Americans ask did you eat?while the English ask have you eaten?

The phenomena above are caused by some external factors such as social

group or geographical area. In social group or social variation, it is speech

varieties associated with different social factors, especially related to the

speakers’ social status such as social groups or classes; racial status/ ethnicity,

income; education, and cultural background etc. Those are included vulgar or

taboo language, slang, colloquial, jargon, argot, register, and style (including

standard and nonstandard variety).

Vulgar or taboo language is referred to words or expressions which should

not be used because they are shocking, offensive, blasphemous, and indecent

(inappropriate). For example, swear word which words relating to sex organ or

animal. Slang is universal and can be found in all languages and all time, but no

one can define it precisely. The characteristics of slang are informal and often

used in spoken not in written. For example, Gonna refers to going to and Gimme

refers to give me.

Other informal language is Colloquial. It is also informal language

variation used in daily conversation and it is spoken not written. For the example,

3

participate in the activity. Indonesian language, for example, roda gila, kunci inggris, and didongkrak refers to mechanical terms.

The other language for particular group or community is Argot. It is secret

language for a particular group/ community. It refers to the kinds of slang

vocabulary which is typically created and used by criminal groups such as,

pickpockets, thieves, killers, etc. Then, Style is the different ways of speaking

used by a speaker with regard to whom he or she is talking to. For instance, a

university student may speak differently with their friends and their lecturers.

Register is a language variation associated with a particular occupation, activity,

topic, or subject. For example: different technical terms used by surgeons,

medical people, linguists, educators, politicians, musicians, film makers,

biochemistry, etc.

The other factor of language variation is geographical area. It is dialect

variation. It is a regional or social variety of a language characterized by its own

phonological, syntactic, and lexical properties (O’Grady et al., 2001). Then, there

are three kinds of dialect. They are regional dialect, social dialect and personal

dialect. Regional dialect is distinctive varieties of language spoken in particular

region. Then, social dialect is varieties of a language associated with different

social groups, status, religion, and ethnicity. Personal dialect is varieties of

language spoken by individual speaker of the language. In this case, the writer

limits the analysis of language variation which is focus on dialect variation

4

Dialect variation is one of language variation which some linguist interest

to analyze. They are mostly interest to analyze a variation of language to find the

pattern which differs from the standard language. Moreover, when the dialect

variation comes from a fictional character in a movie, it can create a unique

characteristic for the character itself and represent one particular social status.

Therefore, the writer focuses on dialect variation and tries to find out the pattern

the dialect variation and special characteristic contribute to one character in a

movie.

Dialect includes in linguistics features which already identified variant as

Wardhaugh (2006, p.143) claimed that linguistic variable is a linguistic item and

it has identifiable variant. For example, the words singing and fishing are usually pronounced singin’ and fishin’. The meaning is called linguistic features which

are the final sound (ng) with its two variants dropping –ing in phonology feature. Then, in grammatical variation, sometime someone says she do/he do to other people. As long as the people understand, it is relevant to use as communication.

Lexical or vocabulary variation means someone may say different a word in the

same meaning in society life. For example, a lift in British English is called an

elevator in American English. In this case, the writer is going to analyze dialect variation within a character in the movie based on phonology features,

grammatical variation and vocabulary variation to find out the pattern and the

5

The movie used in this research is Inglourious Basterds. It is a 2009 American war film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino and starring Brad

Pitt, Christoph Waltz, Mélanie Laurent,Michael Fassbender, Eli Roth and Diane

Kruger. The film tells the fictional alternate history story of two plots to

assassinate Nazi Germany's political leadership, one planned by a young French

Jewish cinema proprietor (Laurent), and the other by a team of Jewish-American

soldiers led by First Lieutenant Aldo Raine (Pitt). The film's title was inspired by

director Enzo G. Castellari's 1978 macaroni combat film, The Inglorious Bastards.

Lieutenant Aldo Raine is one of characters in movie Inglourious Basterds. He is the leader of American soldier who is also a secret agent from United

States. His team is known as well Basterds which has a mission to kill Nazi. He was born from Indian tribes which known as the ‘apache’. The Apache itself is

collective term for several culturally related groups of Native Americans in

United States originally from Southwestern. He spoke used the language which is

categorized as the lower class. Therefore, the writer focuses on analyze language

6

1.2Statement of Problem

Based on the background of the study written above, the writer

proposes to analyze dialect used by Lieutenant Aldo Raine in ‘Inglourious

Basterds’movie. The research problem can be formulated as follows:

1. What are the patterns of dialect used by Lieutenant Aldo Raine in

movie of ‘Inglourious Basterds’?

2. What is the effect of the dialect used by Lieutenant Aldo Raine in

movie of ‘Inglourious Basterds’?

1.3Objective of Study

Based on the research problem above, there are two objectives of the

study, as follows:

1. To describe the pattern of dialect used by Lieutenant Aldo Raine in

movie of ‘Inglourious Basterds’.

2. To find the effect of the dialect used by Lieutenant Aldo Raine in

movie of ‘Inglourious Basterds’.

1.4Significance of the Study

This study is about sociolinguistics field towards the sub language variation which focuses on the dialect used by Lieutenant Aldo Raine in

7

research can give contribution to this field study especially dialect as

language variation. Furthermore, this research also analyzes the effect of

dialect in movie of ‘Inglourious Basterds. Hopefully, this study can become the new reference for the next researcher who wants to conduct research in

language variation of dialect.

The writer hopes by finding the pattern and the effect of dialect

variation used by Lieutenant Aldo Raine, it can enrich the language itself

especially in study language variation. It means that the writer wants to show

the varieties a language spoken by a speaker of the language taken from a

movie to the reader or the next researcher. Then, by knowing the dialect used

by Lieutenant Aldo Raine, the writer hopes that the reader or the next

researcher can take the positive values in this research which people cannot

judge someone is bad from the their dialect. Instead, dialect itself is exactly

showed the identity where someone belongs to and described a unique way of

speaking.

1.5Scope and Limitation 1.5.1 Scope

In this study, the writer focuses on a movie which had taken

from the internet. All of the characters in the Inglourious Basterds

8

writer is focused on the dialect variation used by Lieutenant Aldo

Raine. It means that this study focuses on sociolinguistics field in

language variation especially in dialect variation. Then, this research

discusses the features of phonological, grammatical and vocabulary

variation. The writer analysis the dialect variation is used those items

to find the pattern and the effect uttered by Lieutenant Aldo Raine in

that movie.

1.5.2 Limitation

This research is going to analysis a movie of ‘Inglourious Basterds which focuses on dialect variation of the main actor as object of study. In this case, the writer interprets and describes its based on

his point of view and other relation. The writer limits the research

which analysis the patterns and the effect of dialect variation used by

Lieutenant Aldo Raine based on three aspects varies in grammar,

vocabulary variation, and phonology features. To support the analysis,

the writer not only takes Aldo’s utterances but also other related

9

1.6Definition of key term

The writer provides definition of key word of this study which is

avoiding the misunderstanding and misinterpretation. Some of the definition

as follows

1.6.1 Language Variation

It is a specific set of linguistic items or human speech patterns (e.g.

sounds, words, grammatical features, etc.) which is uniquely

associated with some external factors, such as a geographical area or a

social group (Wardhaugh, 1998).

1.6.2 Dialect

Dialect is used to refer to an entire language variety, with features on

all levels of language patterning for example, phonology, grammar,

and the lexicon (O’Grady et al., 2001).

1.6.3 Linguistic Variable

A linguistic variable is a linguistic item and it has identifiable variant.

(Wardhaugh, 2006).

1.6.4 Lieutenant Aldo Raine

He is one of characters in the movie of Inglourious Basterds. He is the leader of secret agent of American soldier which against Nazi. He is

10

1.6.5 Inglourious Basterds

It is a 2009 American war film written and directed by Quentin

Tarantino and starring Brad Pitt, Christoph Waltz, Mélanie Laurent,

Michael Fassbender, Eli Roth and Diane Kruger. The film tells about

11

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter consists of many important aspects concerning the theoretical

framework and the related studies.

2.1 Language Variation

Many people use language more than one to connect and attract other people in various purposes in society. As Wardhaugh (2006) claimed

that many speakers may use two or more languages. An Indonesian student

may speak to his friend from Surabaya using Javanese but he

communicates Indonesian to his friend from Jakarta. He may also change

to speak English as he starts to learn in the English class. Then, the

language he uses also may change from the standard to non-standard based

on the situation with whom he speak. It indicates that no one speaks the

same way all the time andpeople constantly exploit the nuances of the

languages they speak for a wide variety of purposes (Wardhaugh, 2006).

These phenomena are called language variation.

A language variation is a specific linguistic items or human speech

pattern (e.g. sound, words, grammatical features, etc.) which is uniquely

associated with some external factors, such as a geographical area or a

social group (Wardhaugh, 2006). For instance, as the sound, the word

12

broughtas/brɑːt/. Then, as the word, Australians talk of sole parents,while people in England call them single parents, and NewZealanders call them

solo parents. As the grammatical, Speakers of US English tend to prefer

do you have, though this can now also be heard in Britainalongside the traditional British English have you got.Americans ask did you eat?While the English ask have you eaten?

The phenomena above are determined from many factors such as

social and geographical area. The social factors is speech varieties

associated with different social factors, especially related to the speakers‘

social status such as social groups or classes; racial status/ ethnicity,

income; education, and cultural background etc. Those are included vulgar

or taboo language, slang, colloquial, jargon, argot, register, and style

(including standard and nonstandard variety). The other factorof language

variation is geographical area. It is dialect variation.In this case, the writer

is going to analyze language variation which is focused on dialect

13

2.2. Dialect

Dialect variation is part of language variation. It is a regional or social variety of a language characterized by its own phonological,

syntactic, and lexical properties (O‘Grady et al., 2001).Also,

Schilling-Estes (2006, p.312) found that dialect is used to refer to an entire language

variety, with features on all levels of language patterning, for example,

phonology, grammar, and the lexicon.It means the English speaker likes

American, Britain and Australian may speak different in phonology,

grammar and vocabulary to speak English.

There are three kinds of dialect. They are regional dialect, social

dialect and personal dialect. The first, the regional dialect is distinctive

varieties of language spoken in a particular region. The term dialect is

sometimes used only if there is a strong tradition of writing in the local

variety. Then, there is term patois which describes the variety. Wardhaugh

(2006, p.44) found that many linguists writing in English tend to use

dialect to describe both situation and rarely. Patois itself refers only to the

speech of the lower strata in society. As the example, Jamaicans who is

often refer to the variety of English spoken on the island as a patois.

The differences patois and dialect are dialect usually has a wider

geographical distribution than a patois, so that, whereas regional dialect

and village patois seem unobjectionable, the same cannot be said for

14

claimed that many Jamaicans refer to the popular spoken variety of

Jamaican English as a patois rather than as a dialect.

Also, there is a dialect continuum. Over large distances the dialects

at each end of the continuum may well be mutually unintelligible, and also

some of the intermediate dialects may be unintelligible with one or both

ends, or even with certain other intermediate ones. For instance, there is

Italian travel to France. He found that there is the same dialect with his

dialect in one of France area. Then, he tries to wide his travel until he does

not find the same dialect with his dialect.

Second, social dialect is varieties of a language associated with

different social groups, status, religion, and ethnicity. As the example, in a

city like Baghdad the Christian, Jewish, and Muslim inhabitants speak

different varieties of Arabic. In this case the first two groups use their

variety solely within the group but the Muslim variety serves as a lingua

franca, or common language, among the groups.

Third, personal dialect is called idiolect. It is varieties of language

spoken by an individual speaker of the language. For example, there are

some Native Americans who have a little Indian continue to study in

England. All of them come from the same region. They speak American

English. But, one of them speaks differently with others. The different

seems in sound, vocabulary and grammar. It means that the person has a

15

unique characteristics of the language of an individual speaker are referred

to as the speaker‘s idiolect.

There are some reasons why people use dialect in society. While

the people are educated, they tend to use dialect to communicate to other.

Schilling-Estes (2006, p.312) found that people tend to use dialect to show

their solidarity, style and political statement. It means solidarity is

associated with home and local neighborhood. Style itself is commonly

used by teenager as shows to be cool person. The using dialect as political

statement is used by politic party as the tool to attract people to convey the

message. In addition, people tend to use their dialect to show their identity

where they are come from.

Dialect has parts of linguistics features. The linguistics features is

studying the variable of linguistics. Wardhaugh (2006, p.143) stated that

linguistic variable is a linguistic item and it has identifiable. The variable

itself is included the phonology features, vocabulary and grammatical

variation.

2.2.1. Phonology Features

There are many different sounds in single language. As a

comparison of ―r-less‖ and other dialects which illustrates phonological differences among dialect (Hyams and Rodman,

2003). The linguists add, there are many differences among the

dialects of American English. Hyams and Rodman (2003, p.450)

16

word in which sounds occur. For instance some readers pronounce

Mary, marry, and merry in the same; others pronounce the three words differently as /meri/, /mæri/ and /mεri/; and still others

pronounce two of them.

From differences phonology features, we can find the

regional dialect where a person comes from. As the example /h/ is

pronounced at the beginning of both head and herb in British dialect, whereas in American English dialects it is not pronounced

in the second word. Then, in some English dialect /h/ regularly

dropped from most word in which it is pronounced in American,

such as house, pronounce /aws/, and hero, pronounced /iro/ (Hyams and Rodman, 2003).

In this case, sound can also identify the social class of the

speaker. A linguist Labov (1972b) provided the example of sound

that identifies the social class where is the person belongs to. For

instance, the pronouncing car and cart in New York City in their r -less varieties are identified people as using a type of pronunciation

associated with lower-class speech in that city (Wardhaugh, 2003).

2.2.2. Grammatical Pattern

There are grammatical differences in the varieties spoken in

different regions. For instance,speakers of American English tend

17

gotten used to it, whereas British speakerstend to use got, as in she has got used to it (Schilling-Estes, 2006). It indicates that grammatical pattern in variation form can be foundusing of past

participle verb form.

Grammatical can identify the social class where the person

belongs to. For example, she walks (standard) and she walk

(vernacular). In this case, it can determine that the standard is used

by Middle class and the vernacular is used by Lower class. Holmes

(2012) stated that there is a sharp distinction between the

middle-class groups and the lower-middle-class groups for using grammatical

pattern. This pattern is foundboth in a variety of US English

spoken in Detroit, and in a variety of British English spoken in

Norwich (Holmes, 2012).

There is grammatical pattern that avoided by Middle class

and it always indicated by Lower class is using negation or

multiple negation or negative concord. Holmes (2012, p.151)

claimed that negation or negative concord or multiple negation

always avoid by Middle class and the Lower class use it

comfortably. For instance, It ain’t no cat can’t get in no coop. This

grammatical pattern is multiple negations which are found in all

English speaking communities. It is mostly used by lower class

than middle class speech. Multiple negations are a very silent

18

pattern to identify the utterances of the character in the movie to

find out the pattern used by Lieutenant Aldo Raine.

2.2.3. Vocabulary Variation

There are vocabulary differences in the varieties spoken in different regions too. For instance, people take lift to the first floor (our second floor) in England, but an elevator in the United States. Using word can also identify the social class of people. In England,

in the 1950s shows that the use of sitting room (upper-class speaker) is different from lounge the rest (lower-class) and referred to the lavatory (upper-class) rather than the toilet (lower-class) (holmes. 2012).

By vocabulary variation, the writer can determine where the

region and social class the character belongs to. In other words, the

writer is also used vocabulary variation to find out the pattern

dialect variation used by Lieutenant Aldo Raine.

2.3. Related Studies

Regarding on this study, the writer finds some other writers which

the topics are related. For the first thesis is Santika (2014) a student UIN

Sunan Ampel Surabaya, did research entitled An Analysis of West

19

analyzed the dialect variation and showed the pattern and the effects of

Hagrid‘s dialect vary from the range of phonology feature, grammatical

pattern, and vocabulary variation. In this research, Santika used literary

work from J.K Rowling‘s novel to find the pattern and the effect of

Hagrid‘s dialect. The interesting of this research, Santika analyzed and

showed the regional dialect where comes from the author hometown

which put on one of character in her literary work of Harry Potter. Thus,

the whole analysis dialect features, Hagrid represent as the lower social

group.

Second, the thesis is Ningrum (2014) a student of UIN Sunan

Ampel Surabaya. She did a research analyzed African American English

and Slang used by Jim and Huck Finn in The Adventure of Huckleberry

Finnn from a novel written by Mark Twain. She found AAE and Slang

words that uttered by Jim and Huck Finn. She analyzed the sound and the

grammar by both character. In this research, Ningrum found the using of

multiple negations and slang negation [ain‘t]. The using of [ain‘t] is to

replace is, are, were, has not, and have not as the Standard English. She also found the using of –in that replace –ing like killin’, goin’, lookin’ and etc.

The third research is Molventer and Tagliamonte (2011) written

journal of language in society, they did the research entitled How‘d you

get that accent? : acquiring a second dialect of the same language. The

20

second dialect acquisition by three children over six years as they shift

room Canadian to British English. This analysis focuses on a frequent and

socially embedded linguistic feature, T-voicing (e.g., pudding versus

putting).

Those studies are related with this research which is described

social dimension and phenomenon of language variation. It describes the

dialect which the purpose and distinguish of dialect variation. It can also

describe the identity of person from regional dialect that used by the

person. In addition, dialect can also make intimate the social relationship

the people from the same region. As the language variation, dialect

21

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

This research method discussed the method that the writer used in this

study. The writer explained the general process in collecting and analyzing the

data. It consisted of research approach, data source, data, data collection, and

research instruments and data analysis.

3.1Research Approach

In this research, the writer applied the qualitative approach. The writer

used qualitative approach to describe the utterances that uttered by a character

in movie. The reasons are establishing the theory and describing dialect within

a language variation to enrich the language itself that used in the movie.

This research analyzed the utterances that spoken by a character. Bodgan

(1982) claimed that qualitative method is a research procedure which observes

the data in a form of written and/or spoken words from people and also

includes their behavior. It means that from the definition, the writer used this

method to describe the pattern and the effect of dialect used by Lieutenant

Aldo Raine in movie of ‘Inglourious Basterds’ on the personality character.

3.2Data Sources

In this research the writer analyzed dialect from the movie. The writer took

the movie from the internet. The movie had took from www.ganool.com

22

3.3Data

In this research, the data are the words, sentences, and utterances from the

character. The writer analyzed Lieutenant Aldo Raine as the character. Then,

to deep the explanation, the writer included some utterances from other

character in dialog related to Lieutenant Aldo Raine.

3.4Research Instrument

The writer applied qualitative approach method which the writer becomes

the investigator. In qualitative data, human investigator is the primary

instrument for the gathering and analyzing data (Bogdan and Biklen, 1998).

Therefore, this study used human instrument in conducting research which the

writer analyzed the data sources. The writer took the dialog in the movie of

‘Inglourious Basterds’ which uttered by Lieutenant Aldo Raine and other character which involve the Aldo Raine.

3.5Technique of Data Collection

In collecting the data, the writer had done doing several ways to collect the

data sources. These are the several ways as follow:

1. The writer downloads the movie included the transcript from the

www.ganool.com and save it into the laptop and the flash disk to

avoid something happen to the laptop or flash disk.

23

3. The writer paid attention and focused on Aldo’s character during

watching the movie.

4. The writer sorted all dialects occur in the movie.

5. The writer only focused on Aldo.

6. The writer watched many times to collect the data from Aldo’s

utterances and other related character.

7. The writer made table to put all data of Aldo’s utterances and other

related character.

8. The writer classified the data that already put in the table. The

writer classified from the phonological features, grammatical

pattern and vocabulary variation.

9. The writer analyzed the data that already classified.

10. The writer made conclusion what already found and discussed.

3.6Technique of Data Analysis

After collecting data by doing several ways, the writer started to analyze

the data which already provided in the table. The writer analyzed and

categorized by selecting words, sentences and utterances which uttered by

Lieutenant Aldo Raine in movie of ‘Inglourious Basterd and other character involve Aldo Raine into the standard and nonstandard. As explained in the

previous chapter 2, this research used phonology features, grammatical

variation and vocabulary variation to analyze the dialect variation. To find the

24

grouped them into several classifications from the three types as mentioned.

After finish classifying, the writer started to analyze three types such as

phonology features, grammatical and vocabulary variation that used by Aldo.

25

CHAPTER IV

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

The focus of this study is to identify patterns of a dialect and the

significance of the dialect found in the movie of ‗InglouriousBasterds‘. The main purpose of this chapter is to answer the questions presented in Chapter I.

4.1 Findings

The writer found the patterns and the effect of Aldo‘s dialect. The patterns

of Aldo‘s dialect vary in phonological variation, grammatical pattern and vocabulary variation. The effect of Aldo‘s dialect is explained in discussion.

4.1.1 Dialect Pattern used by Lieutenant Aldo Raine

Lieutenant Aldo Raine is a leader of American soldier. He is also a

secret agent who leads a team as known as ―Basterds‖ and he well-known as Aldo Raine ―the apache.‖ He was born in United Stated. As in the movie, Aldo Raine introduces himself to his soldiers that he has a

little bit Indian. Then, he decided to use Apache resistance in his

mission. Besides, Aldo always put swastika sign to every German‘s soldier. That is the caused he well known as Aldo the Apache. The data

finding are shown below in the table. In this case, the writer recognizes

that the dialect used by Lieutenant Aldo Raine is from American

English. Further explanation about the origin of dialect will be

26

Table 4.1 Aldo Raine’s Dialect Patterns

Pattern Examples

Jus’like ‗at. (00:37:12.316 --> 00:37:13.859)

Up the road a piece, ‗here's an orchard. (00:30:51.268 --> 00:30:54.021) So you're The Jew Hun’er. (02:04:39.271 --> 02:04:40.481)

‗Ow abou’ my knife? (02:27:03.198 --> 02:27:04.908) [d] dropping We on’tlike ‗at. (00:37:04.558 --> 00:37:07.269) [th] dropping We on‘t like ‗at. (00:37:04.558 --> 00:37:07.269)

What kin‘o artillery they're carrying with ‘em. (00:31:18.670 --> 00:31:21.131) [h] dropping ‘Ow abou‘ my knife? (02:27:03.198 --> 02:27:04.908)

-in ending

Well, we'll be leavin’a little earlier. (00:21:49.560 --> 00:21:52.271)

Killin’ Nazis.( 00:22:06.285 --> 00:22:07.744)

I'm callin’The Bear Jew over.(00:32:33.662 --> 00:32:35.706)

Contracting the pronunciation

You know how you gotta Carnegie Hall, don‘t you? (00:37:49.978 --> 00:37:53.148)

And all y'all will get me 100 Nazi scalps…(00:24:03.402 --> 00:24:08.615) So if you ever want to eat a sauerkraut sanich again (00:31:06.116 --> 00:31:09.453)

Well, we'll be leaving a lil earlier. (00:21:49.560 --> 00:21:52.271)

but I sure as hell didn't come down from the goddamn Smoky Mount’n 00:22:11.415 --> 00:22:14.334

And I pride myself for having an eye for that kin’o talent. (00:29:59.758 --> 00:30:03.554)

Wha’d you hear? 00:32:19.898 --> 00:32:21.525

Vowel changing

We‘re goin‘ be doin one thing and one thing only. (00:22:02.364 --> 00:22:05.742)

Sound good? (00:23:37.376 --> 00:23:38.544)

You jus‘ say, "Bingo. " (02:09:05.245 --> 02:09:07.122)

Gr

Sound good? (00:23:37.376 --> 00:23:38.544)

Means I got a lil Indian in me. (00:22:45.073 --> 00:22:47.201) Heard of him? (00:28:07.271 --> 00:28:08.772)

Depends entirely on you. (00:30:44.970 --> 00:30:46.930)

Preposition Omitting

We're goin‘ be dropped into France dressed as civilians. (00:21:53.480 --> 00:21:56.775)

Heard him?( 00:28:07.271 --> 00:28:08.772)

And I pride myself having an eye that kind of talent. (00:29:59.758 --> 00:30:03.554)

And point out on this map what I want know. (00:32:46.175 --> 00:32:49.178) Auxiliary verb

omitting

That way you spot. (00:37:08.312 --> 00:37:12.232)

Auxiliary verb

27

There are three types of dialect variation that distinguish one

dialect with another. They are phonology features, grammatical pattern

and vocabulary variation. They exist used by Lieutenant Aldo Raine in

his utterances.

4.1.1.1 Phonology Features

Phonology features used by Lieutenant Aldo Raine

are such as consonant dropping, –in pronunciation, contracting the pronunciation, and changing vowel pronunciation. In

consonant dropping, which omits the pronunciation of a

consonant, Aldo Raine only drops the [t], [d], [h] and [th]. He

also pronounces –in instead of –ing and contracts some words in his utterances. In addition, he also changes vowel

pronunciation [i]and[a]become [e] in some words. a. [t] dropping

The [t] dropping is accumulated in some words.

Firstly, we are going to focus at the [t] dropping which is

28

Table 4.2 [t] Dropping in the middle and the last consonant

No The Dialogue Time

1. Aldo

Now, jus’ take that finger of yours. And point out on this here map where this party is being held, how many is

Werner I respectfully refuse, sir.

2

Landa So you're Aldo the Apache. 02:04:35.267

–

2:04:40.481 Aldo So you're The Jew Hun’er.

The italicized and bold words are typed differently.

They are typed only jus‘ and hun’er as the consonant [t] is dropped. The sentences which contain with end [t] such as sit

and brought. Then, the sentences which contain with end [t] and add suffix er such as adjuster and administer. Aldo Raine not only drops the final consonant of [t] at the aforementioned

word just, but also drops [t] in suffix of word hunter. This relies on the principle of ease of articulation. The principle

covers the simplest way to pronounce words and eases the

speaker in producing words. Aldo Raine tends to simplify the

word whose pronunciation of the last [t] consonant comes

after another consonant. It is:

Just: /jəst/

That word is commonly pronounced with [t] as the

29

phone remains unpronounced. It is due to the existence of

another consonant which is prior to the [t] phone. Also, Aldo

Raine tends to simplify the word which pronunciation of [t]

consonant comes after another consonant and before suffix er. It is:

Hunter /hʌntər/

That word is commonly pronounced with [t] as the second

sound. Meanwhile, Aldo Raine drops the [t] so the second

sound started by [t] phone remains unpronounced.

Secondly, Aldo does not only drop the [t] in last

phone and in the middle phone but also he drops the first

consonant as [t] the first phone in words. They are:

Table 4.3 [t] Dropping in the first consonant

No The Sentences Time

Besides you, we know ‗here's another Kraut patrol fucking around here somewhere.

remains unpronounced. It is due to the consistent which Aldo

30

There are other words pronounce Standard English

which uttered by Aldo. They are:

Sit /sɪt/

Table 4.4 Pronunciation [t] phone by Aldo

No The Dialogue Time

The first and the second sentences are described that

Aldo stressing the word sit and let to make an understanding what he speaks. He avoids dropping [t] to make the listener or

other speaker is able to catch the meaning. Besides, there is a

word which the final consonant dropped after vowel. It is:

Table 4.5 Phonology Feature [t] Dropping

No The Dialogue Time

31

Aldo Ow abou’ my knife? 02:27:4.908

The italicized and bold, it is known that there is [t]

dropping in the word which last [t] phone comes after a vowel.

The word is commonly pronounced /ə฀baʊ t/ but Aldo pronounces abou as he drops the last [t] phone. Aldo sometimes pronounced about as the Standard English. As following dialog between Aldo and Werner:

Table 4.6 Pronunciation [t] phone in the last consonant

No The Sentences Time

1. Aldo And the German will talk

about us.

(00:23:21.151 -- 00:23:23.362

2

Aldo

I need to know about Germans hiding in trees.

00:31:32.643 --00:31:34.853

It indicates that he does not consistent as pronounce

the word about. As the first sentence above, it describes that Aldo did not in a bad situation. So, he drops [t] of asking his

knife to Hands Landa. The second sentence, Aldo did not drop

[t] in the word about because he wants to stress this word as to make an understanding with his soldiers and his enemy.

In the contracting, Aldo also drops [t] in the middle

32

articulation. The example following the sentences uttered by

Aldo:

Table 4.7 [t] Dropping in the middle consonant

No The Sentences Time

1. Aldo Well, we'll be leavin‘ a lil earlier.

00:21:49.560 -- 00:21:52.271

2

Aldo Means I got a lil Indian in me.

00:22:45.073

–

00:22:47.201

This contraction is almost the same with word

hunter which Aldo drops the [t] so it becomes hun’er. In this case, Aldo mostly drops [t] phone in good position. The writer

has already listened this sound for ten times to ensure the

pronunciation that pronounced by Aldo.

b.[d] dropping

The [d] dropping is accumulated only in one word.

From the whole utterances that Aldo Raine produced in

movie, there is only one word which first [d] phone is

dropped. The word is don’t as shown in the following dialogs:

Table 4.8 [d] Dropping

No The Dialogue Time

33

Aldo Yeah, ‗at's what we thought. We on’tlike ‗at.

00:37:07.269

The word don’tis negative verb. Aldo drops the [d]

phone before a vowel. But, he does not apply this word all the

time. He drops this negative verb is due to the situation. In the

situation, Aldo does not under pressure. Besides, he

pronounced this word in Standard English when he felt worry.

As the example, the sentences uttered by Aldo:

Table 4.9 Pronunciation [d] phone in the first consonant

No The Dialogue Time fight. She was picking a place isolated and without Germans

He pronounced don’t as the Standard English is not

only to ensure the listener understand what he talks about, but

also he wants to show his worry of the situation. Archie tried

to cooling the condition. He makes sure that all is well.

c. [th] dropping

Like the [d] dropping feature, this consonant

34

accumulated only in two words. The words are that and them

unpronounced by Aldo‘s utterances shown in the following

sentences and dialogue: Hirschberg You. Go (asking the

sergeant Werner) divulge information that would put German lives in danger.

The dialogue and the sentences of Aldo‘s utterances above, Aldo drops the [th] phone of the words that and them to be only ‘at and ‘em. In the dialogue, Aldo drops the [th] phone

when he asked one of his soldiers to send a Germany sergeant.

It is due to the ease of articulation. Also, the good situation

makes him ease to use his dialect. These words are commonly

35

In other situation Aldo did not drop [th] in the word

that when he speaks to his soldiers. He pronounced that as the Standard English. For example, the sentences uttered by Aldo:

Table 4.11 Pronunciation [th] phone by Aldo

No The Sentence Time important for their mission. Aldo also pronounced that as the Standard English to get more information from his enemy

sergeant Werner. It shown in the following dialogues between

Aldo and Werner:

Table 4.12 Pronunciation [th] phone by Aldo

No The Dialogue Time Werner I respectfully refuse, sir.

Aldo Hear that?

36

Aldo That's Sergeant Donny Donowitz.

Those dialogues describe that Aldo needs more

information from Werner. On the other hand, he pronounced

that as the Standard English. Besides, when Werner refused to give the information, Aldo pronounced that to intimidate Werner to give information.

d.[h] dropping

Aldo Raine drops the [h] phone of the word how to be only ow. He did not pronounce how as shown in the following dialogue between Hands Landa and Aldo:

Table 4.13 [h] Dropping

No The Dialogue Time

1. .

Hands

Landa We're your prisoners. 02:27:00.571

--02:27:04.908 Aldo Ow abou‘ my knife?

He drops the first consonant [h] before a vowel. As the

situation, Aldo did not in unlucky position. Therefore he drops

[h] to show that he did not worry.

The other situation, Aldo did not drop [h] in the

word how. He pronounced how as the Standard English when he interrogated Werner (Germany Soldier) to ask some

37

Table 4.14 Pronunciation [h] phone by Aldo

No The Sentence Time

1. Aldo How is your English, Werner?

00:27:47.376 -- 00:27:48.460

2 Aldo How many is coming and what they brought to play with?

00:31:44.321 -- 00:31:47.699

The sentences indicate Aldo pronounced how as the Standard English to ensure the man whom he speaks is

understood. By stressing the word how, he hopes get more the information what he needs. However, he does not need to

apply drops [h] as the first consonant.

e. –in ending

The –in pronunciation is also featured in Aldo

Raine‘s dialogs which represent the distinctive dialect. It is by

simplifying the pronunciation of the –ing form of a verb. (verb+–ing) and words ended by –ing. The most common –in

ending appears in the –ing form of a verb as shown below: Table 4.15 [-in] Ending pronounced by Aldo to his soldiers

killing respectively, as the standard pronunciation. Aldo also pronounced calling, going, and licking as callin’, goin’ and

lickin’ when he interrogated Werner to get German

information. For example as the following dialogue between

Aldo and Werner:

Table 4.16 [-in] Ending pronounced by Aldo to his enemy

No The Dialogue Time

The dialogues describe that Aldo pronounced verb –

ing as –in even though he speaks with his enemy. In this case, he thought Werner understood what he talks about.

39

f. Contracting the Pronunciation

Aldo Raine maximizes the principle of the ease of

articulation in producing speech. He simplifies some words by

contracting them into a non-standard form. However, the

contracted pronunciation still maintains to have a similar

pronunciation to the standard one. Here are some examples of

Aldo contracting his pronunciation:

Table 4.17 Contracting Pronunciation 1

No The Sentence Time sauerkraut sanich again…

00:31:06.116 -- 00:31:09.453

Table 4.18 Contracting Pronunciation 2

No The Dialogue Time

1. Aldo Wha’d you hear? 00:32:19.898

--00:32:29.199 Werner Beats German soldiers

40

Aldo

You know how you gotta Carnegie

Hall, don‘t you? Practice.

The first dialog contains a contracted form of little

which is pronounced by Aldo simply as lil. Meanwhile, the second utterance is you all. However, Aldo contract you all as he pronounces y’all. The last example contains a contraction

of word got to. Aldo pronounces it as gotta to ease his articulation. Here are the words Aldo contracted throughout

the movie:

Table 4.19 Contracted Pronunciations by Aldo

41

Table 4.20 Vowel Changing Pronunciation 1

No The Sentence Time

Table 4.21 Vowel Changing Pronunciation 2

No The Dialogue Time

1.

Aldo

And everything went

exactly the way it was supposed to. What

was the next step? 01:39:19.209 --

Hands Landa Bingo! How fun.

42

to say bingo, he keeps to say bingo as the Standard English

even Aldo say different pronunciation. Also, Aldo changed the

pronunciation of the word everything /evri, θɪŋ/ become /

evri, θeŋ/.

The vowel a also changes into e in the word sound

/saʊnd/, it changes and pronounces into /seʊnd/. Aldo tends

to pronounce those words even he speaks to Werner or other

characters. He does not worry whether the listener understand

or not. But all the character understood what he speaks. As the

example, following the dialogues:

Table 4.22 Vowel Changing Pronunciation 3

No The Dialogue Time

Hammersmark That sounds good.

01:43:21.743

Hammersmark No, that sounds good.

The first dialogue, Aldo pronounced sound did not as the Standard English. He keeps pronouncing it when he

speaks to one of American spy which is also an actress Von

Hammersmark. The second dialogue, although Aldo

43

pronounced sound as the Standard English as seem in the dialogue.

4.1.1.2 Grammatical Pattern

The unique grammatical pattern of the dialect used

by Aldo Raine lies on the missing subject, auxiliary verb

omitting, auxiliary verb changing, multiple slang negation and

slang negation.

a. Subject Omittion

We focus on the omitting subject feature. Aldo

frequently leaves his sentences with no subject though it does

not always happen. The following sentences and dialogue are

uttered by Aldo:

Table 4.23 Subject Omittion Grammatical Pattern 1

No The Sentence Time

1. Aldo Means I got a lil Indian in me.

00:22:45.073 -- 00:22:47.201

2. Aldo Depends entirely on you

00:30:44.970 -- 00:30:46.930

Table 4.24 Subject Omittion Grammatical Pattern 2

No The Dialogue Time

From those sentences, there is a similarity which is

the absence of the subjects in the sentences. As the correct

grammatical pattern, the sentences must be:

Table 4.25 Subject Omittion Grammatical Pattern 3

No The Sentence Time

Table 4.26 Subject Omittion Grammatical Pattern 4

some instruction to his soldiers. He asks the agreement to his

soldiers that used a sentence Sound good? Although the sentence should be it sound good? He believes that what he talks about is a question of asking agreement.

There is also subject omitting which he introduces

his self to his soldiers. He adds information that he has little

Indian which is Native American. Aldo omits that as the subject in the sentence Means I got a lil Indian in me. It is due to the confidence of showing his identity. Besides, he is proud

to be American which his known as Aldo the Apache.

He also shows his proud to his soldiers to Werner as

Nazi. As he proud of his soldiers, he introduces to Werner by

46

addition, the soldier is wanted which had already killed many

leaders of German soldier.

Aldo omits the subject when he interrogated his

enemy. He interrogated to get more information of other

German soldiers. When he gives some question, he also offers

the deal to free of life as answering and giving information.

Aldo used the sentence Depends entirely on you as the bargaining. The pattern should be added it as the subject.

Aldo also omits [you] as the subject when he ask his

soldier to kill Werner. The sentence got us a German here who wants die for country must be added [you] to complete the grammar. Then, the sentence Oblige him also must be added [you] as the Standard English. Those sentences are

categorized as ordering sentence.

Besides, Werner as the enemy, he also omits the

subject when he answered Aldo‘s question. It shown in

dialogue below:

Table 4.27 Subject Omittion Grammatical Pattern 5

No The Dialogue Time

1. Aldo Wha‘d you hear? 00:32:19.898

--00:32:29.199 Werner Beats German soldiers

with a club.

Werner omits [he] as the subject when Aldo ask him a

47

subject when he explains Werner about The Bear Jew to

Werner. It is due to intimidate Werner to give the information.

a. Preposition Omittion

In this case, Aldo also omits the preposition such as

to, of, and, and for in some utterances. These are the following sentences which is Aldo omits the preposition:

Table 4.28 Preposition Omittion 1

No The Sentence Time

Table 4.29 Preposition Omittion 2

complete the grammatical as Standard English. As the correct

pattern, the sentences and the dialogues they must be:

Table 4.30 Preposition Omittion 3

No The Sentence Time

1. Aldo

We‘re goin‘ [to] be doin one thing [and] one thing only.

Table 4.31 Preposition Omittion 4

49

over. He's goin‘[to] take that big bat his, and he's

goin‘ [to] beat your ass death with it. Now, take your

Wiener-schnitzel-lickin‘ finger, and point

out on this map what I want [to] know

Werner Fuck you. And your Jew dogs.

.

There is similarity which is the absence of the

preposition in the sentences that uttered by Aldo. Mostly, Aldo

omits the preposition after verb –ing. The sentence We're

goin’ be dropped into France dressed as civilians is indicated as simple future be going to. Aldo omits to preposition which is the pattern of the sentence must be We're goin’ (to) be dropped into France dressed as civilians.

Aldo omit and preposition in his utterance. It is We’re goin’ be doing one thing one thing only. This sentence is incorrect grammatical. The sentence must be added and as the preposition in middle after doing one thing to correlate one thing only. So, it will be corrected grammar.

The omitting preposition of in the Aldo‘s utterances is mostly happen in all the way he talks to other characters.

For the example, cross 5, 000 miles water, fight my way through half Sicily. This sentence should be added of

50

sentence should be cross 5, 000 miles (of) water, fight my way through half (of) Sicily. The other sentence like a question which is uttered by Aldo Heard him? It also should be added

of as preposition.

Aldo also omits for preposition before gerund. For example, the sentence And I pride myself having an eye that kind of talent. This case, for preposition must be added after the word myself. Aldo also must be added for preposition before that as correlation in the sentence itself.

In other situation, Aldo sometimes did not omit the

preposition in his utterances. The preposition included to,

and, and for. Those preposition pronounced in the following dialogues:

Table 4.32 Preposition Omittion 5

No The Dialogue Time

1.

Werner

51

Aldo

Got us a German here who wants die for country. Oblige him.

The first and the second dialogues show that Aldo

pronounced the entire preposition mentioned above. The first

dialogues show that Aldo really wants get German

information from Werner. On the other hand, he pronounced

the preposition clearly to him. The second dialogue, Aldo

pronounced the preposition for to show that he really serious

of his decision to kill Werner if he refuses his offer.

b. Auxiliary Verb Omittion

In the movie, Aldo omits an auxiliary in his

utterance. He omits an auxiliary verb in the following

sentence:

Table 4.33 Auxiliary Verb Omittion 1

No The Sentence Time

1. Aldo

See, we like our Nazis in uniforms. That way you

spot ‗em.

00:37:08.312 -- 00:37:12.232

As the Standard English, this sentence should be added an

52

Table 4.34 Auxiliary Verb Omittion 2

No The Sentence Time

1. Aldo

See, we like our Nazis in uniforms. That way you

[can] spot ‗em.

00:37:08.312 -- 00:37:12.232

c. Auxiliary Verb Changing

In the movie, Aldo also changes the verb in his

utterance. He changes the verb are become is. The sentence is: Table 4.35 Auxiliary Verb Changing 1

No The Sentence Time

1. Aldo

But you take off that

uniform, ain't nobody goin‘

know you's a Nazi.

00:37:18.489 -- 00:37:22.743

In this case, Aldo used is in you's a Nazi. As the Standard English, the correct grammar is you [are] a Nazi. The verb of [is] is used to the subject he, she, it and the name a person.

53

In Aldo‘s utterances, he pronounced slang negation

to speak with his soldiers and his enemy. He pronounced ain’t

to change Standard English negation in his utterances. As the

following dialogues uttered by Aldo:

Table 4.36 Slang Negation

54

restaurants

The first sentence, Aldo used slang negation ain’t to

change did not negation as the Standard English. Then, the second sentence, Aldo used slang negation of ain’t to change

is it not in his utterance. The third, Aldo used ain’t to change

does not. The last dialogues, Aldo pronounced ain’t to change does not in the question tag form. In other words, the slang

negation of ain’t can change all the Standard English negation.

Aldo tends to used the slang negation is due to the ease of

articulation to speak.

e. Slang Multiple Negation

Aldo also pronounced multiple negations in his

utterances. He pronounced multiple negations not only he

speaks with his soldiers but also with his enemy. The

following sentences and dialogue are uttered by Aldo:

Table 4.37 Slang Multiple Negation 1

No The Sentence Time

1. Aldo Nazi ain't got no humanity.

Table 4.38 Slang Multiple Negation 2

No The Dialogue Time

meaning will be positive. However, the dialog above does not

receive the same treatment as Aldo means. Therefore, despite

the fact that Aldo used more than one negation, the sentence‘s

meaning remains negative. It is due to the ease of articulation

of pronouncing multiple negations.

The first sentence, Aldo pronounced Nazi ain't got

no humanity. He pronounced ain’t to change have not. As the Standard English, Aldo should be used has not got to in negative sentence. But, this case he omits to. Then, he adds no

though he knows it does no need to apply as negative

sentence.