LAPORAN AKHIR
LAPORAN AKHIR
PRAKTIKUM MATERIAL TEKNIK
PRAKTIKUM MATERIAL TEKNIK
PERTEMUAN I
PERTEMUAN I
( UJI LELAH DAN UJI IMPAK )
( UJI LELAH DAN UJI IMPAK )
Oleh :
Oleh :
Nama
Nama : M.Iqbal. T : M.Iqbal. T 1230300012303000 !ae"al
!ae"al N#$. N#$. A A 1230300112303001 %#ha&a
%#ha&a A.M A.M 12303003'12303003' %e*a"a
%e*a"a N N 1230300+,1230300+,
T
Taa""----aall : : 00 MMee* * 22001133 K
Keellmm// : : 00++
A*
A*e" e" : : #&a #&a *baa"*baa"
LA4ORATORIUM MATERIAL TEKNIK
LA4ORATORIUM MATERIAL TEKNIK
JURU%AN TEKNIK ME%IN
JURU%AN TEKNIK ME%IN
5AKULTA% TEKNIK
5AKULTA% TEKNIK
UNI6ER%ITA% PA%UNDAN
UNI6ER%ITA% PA%UNDAN
4ANDUN7
4ANDUN7
2013
2013
4A4 I
4A4 I
PENDAHULUAN
PENDAHULUAN
1 1..11.. TT##88##aa"" 1.1. U"#U"#/ me"e"/ me"e"#/a" /#/a" /eaha"eaha"a"9/e/a"9/e/#aa" m#aa" mae$*al eae$*al e$ha&a b$ha&a beba" &*eba" &*"am*/"am*/.. 4eba" &*"am*/ beba" ;a"- be$#bah<#bah.
4eba" &*"am*/ beba" ;a"- be$#bah<#bah. 2.
2. Me"Me"-e-eah#ah#* $*"* $*"* &* &aa$ aa$ e"-e"-#8*#8*a" *ma" *ma/ a/ 3.
3. Me"Me"&a&aa/a/a" haa" ha$-$-a *ma *ma/ #a/ #a# ma# mae$ae$*al*al +.
+. Me"-eMe"-eah#* ah#* eme$aeme$a#$e $a#$e $a"** #"** #a# maa# mae$*al &ae$*al &a" aah " aah -ea aa-ea aa# #le# #le 1
1..22.. PP$$e&e&##$ $ ee""--##88**a"a" U8* lelah
U8* lelah 1.
1. MeMe";";*a*a/a/a" " e*e*meme"" 2.
2. MeMe"-"-#/#/#$ &*#$ &*meme"* "* ee*m*me"=e"= 3.
3. Meme$*Meme$*/a /a /e*a/e*aa" ma" me*"> e*"> aa/aaa/ah &h &alam alam /"&/"&** ** ba*/ ba*/ +.
+. MemMemaa"aa"- - ee*me*me" " a&a a&a meme*" *" #8*#8* ,.
,. Me"?aMe"?aa a"a a"-/a -/a ebel#ebel#m m e"-#8*e"-#8*a" a" a&a a&a ?#"?#"e$ e$ a/#a/# @.
@. KemKem#&*#&*a" a" melmela/#a/#/a" /a" e"e"-#8-#8*a"*a" U8* *ma/
U8* *ma/ 1.
1. Me"Me"-ha-hal#l#/a" /a" e$e$m#/m#/aa" aa" ee*me*me"" 2.
2. MelMela/#a/#/a" /a" e"-e"-#8*#8*a" aa" a"a "a e*e*me"me" 3.
3. MeMe"-"-#/#/#$ &#$ &*m*me"e"* * e*e*meme"" +.
+. Melea/Melea/a" a" e*me*me" e" a&a a&a eme$eme$a#$e a#$e ;a"- ;a"- &**"-&**"-*"/a"*"/a" ,.
,. Ja$#Ja$#m e"m e"#"8#"8#/ e"#/ e"e$-e$-; &* a; &* a#$ a&#$ a&a *a ** "* "ll @.
@. Me"-aMe"-a"-/a "-/a ba"&#ba"&#l eml em#/#l #/#l &a" &a" /#"?* /#"?* a&a a&a emaema";a";a '.
'. MelMelea/ea/a" a" e*me*me" a&e" a&a &#&a &#&#/a#/a" e" e*me*me"" .
. MeMeleleaa b ba"a"&#&#l l emem#/#/#l#l .
. Me"?aMe"?aa bea bea$ e"a$ e"e$-; e$-; ;a"- ;a"- &* &* #"8#/#"8#/a" a" leh mleh me*"e*" 10.
10. Mela/#/a" e"-Mela/#/a" e"-#8*a" #"#/ #8*a" #"#/ eme$a#$e ;a"- eme$a#$e ;a"- la*"la*" 1
1..33.. %%**ememaa**//a a ee""##ll**aa"" 4A4 I PENDAHULUAN 4A4 I PENDAHULUAN
1
1..11.. TT##88##aa"" 1
1..22.. PP$$ee&&##$ $ ee""--##88**aa"" 1
1..33.. %%**ememaa**//a a e"e"##ll**aa""
4A4 II DA%AR TEORI 4A4 II DA%AR TEORI
2.1.
2.1. U8* U8* lelahlelah
2.2.
2.2. %*/l# %*/l# e-a"-a"e-a"-a"
2.3.
2.3. U8* U8* *ma/ *ma/
4A4 III TU7A% PENDAHULUAN 4A4 III TU7A% PENDAHULUAN
3.1. %al 3.1. %al 3.2. Jaaba" 3.2. Jaaba"
4A4 I6 PEN7OLAHAN DATA 4A4 I6 PEN7OLAHAN DATA
+.1.
+.1. Pe"-laha" Pe"-laha" &aa &aa #8* #8* lelahlelah +.1.1.
+.1.2. A"al*a
+.2. Daa ha*l e"-#8*a"
4A4 6 ANALI%A DAN KE%IMPULAN
,.1. A"al*a ,.2. Ke*m#la" 4A4 6I %ARAN
@.1. %a$a" DA5TAR PU%TAKA
4A4 II
DA%AR TEORI
2.1. U8* Lelah
Pe"-#8*a" lelah &aa &*e$-#"a/a" #"#/ mel*ha /eaha"a" #a# mae$*al e$ha&a embeba"a" &*"am*/ aa# be$#la"- &*ma"a beba" ;a"- &*be$*/a" &*baah /e/#aa" l#l#h";a. Ke/#aa" lelah &*e"-a$#h* leh ba";a/ Ba$*able> a"a$a la*" : #/#$a" e*me"> be"#/ e*me"> e"-e$8aa" a/h*$> 8e"* beba"9e-a"-a".
U"#/ me"e"#/a" baa lelah l-am> ha$# &*la/#/a" e"-#8*a" e$ha&a bebe$aa e*me" #8*. %e*me" e$ama &* #8* a&a e-a"-a" ;a"- $ela*Be *"--*> Ca*l#$e a/a" e$8a&* &e"-a" */l# ;a"- $e"&ah. %e*me" la*"";a &*#8* a&a e-a"-a" ;a"- leb*h $e"&ah &a$* e*me" e$ama> &a" 8#mlah */l# ;a"- me";ebab/a" Ca*l#$e be$ambah. 4ea$";a beba" ma/*m#m a&alah 0> &a$* /e/#aa" l#l#h #"#/ l-am Ce$$ &a" 0>', &a$* /e/#aa" l#l#h #"#/ l-am "" Ce$$. De"-a" me"--#"a/a" Ba$*able beba" aa# e-a"-a" ma/a me"-ha*l/a" */l# ;a"- be$be&a> eh*"--a &aa &*b#a -$aC*/ %<N.
7amba$ 2.1. /ema /#$Ba <"
U"#/ me"e"#/a" baa lelah l-am> ha$# &*la/#/a" e"-#8*a" e$ha&a bebe$aa e*me" #8*. %e*me" e$ama &*#8* a&a e-a"-a" ;a"- $ela*Be *"--*> Ca*l#$e a/a" e$8a&* &e"-a" */l# ;a"- $e"&ah. %e*me" la*"";a &*#8* a&a e-a"-a" ;a"- leb*h $e"&ah &a$* e*me" e$ama> &a" 8#mlah */l# ;a"- me";ebab/a" Ca*#$e be$ambah.
Te-a"-a" ;a"- e$8a&* a&a e*me" &*baah baa lela h";a *&a/ a/a" me";ebab/a" aah. A-a$ $"-a$#h /ealaha" e/e?*l m#"-/*"> ma/a e*me" ;a"- &* #8* 8#mlah";a ba";a/. 4ebe$aa e*me" &*#8* a&a e-a"-a" ;a"- ama a-a$ &*e$leh &aa ;a"- a/#$a.
Je"* embeba"a" ee$* aaha" lelah a/*ba beba" $*. Rea/ lelah be$aal a&a e$m#/aa" aa e*me"> ;a"- me$#a/a" b*&a"- e$8a&*";a e-a"-a" a$*/ ma/*m#m.
Pembeba"a" be"&*"- : be"&*"- ea$ah> be"&*"- be$#la"- &a" be"&*"- $a*. Rea/ lelah be$m#la &a$* e$m#/aa" a$a# #&# &a" #mb#h a&a &ae$ah e-a"-a" a$*/ ma/*m#m.
U"#/ le"#$ be$#la"-> $ea/ lelah b*aa";a be$m#la a&a /e&#a e$m#/aa" aa &a" baah. Ka$e"a ba-*a" aa &a" baah e$m#/aa" e*me" #8* me"-alam* e-a"-a" e/a"
&a" a$*/.
2.2. %*/l# e-a"-a"
K"&** #m#m embeba"a" Ca*-#e ha$# meme$ha*/a" e"-a$#h e-a"-a" $aa<$aa a/*ba e-a"-a" bla/ bal*/. %*/l# e-a"-a" ;a"- me"-a/*ba/a" e$8a&*";a /elelaha" a&a l-am> ;a*# e-a"-a" be$Cl#/#a*. D#a embaa #"#/ e-a"-a" Cl#/#a* a&alah :
1. Pembeba"a" e&e$ha"a> ee$* beba" be"&*"-> beba" a/*al aa# ha";a beba" $*
2. %*Ca mae$*al hm-e"; &a" beba &a$* e-a"-a" *a aal
%*/l# e-a"-a" bla/ bal*/ le"-/a : -$aC*/ *"* &* &aa &a$* #a$a" $ a&a /e?eaa" /"a" a"a beba" be$leb*h> &*la/#/a" a&a me*" e"-#8a" lelah le"#$ $a*. U"#/ */l# 8e"* *"* e-a"-a" ma/*m#m &a" m*"*m#m a&alah ama.
%*/l# e-a"-a" be$#la"- : e-a"-a" ma/*m#m &a" e-a"-a" m*"*m#m *&a/ ama
%*/l# e-a"-a" /mle/ : */l# e-a"-a" ee$* *"* &aa e$8a&* a&a ba-*a" a;a eaa ;a"- me"e$*ma beba" be$leb*ha" e?a$a e$*&*?> &a" *&a/ &aa &*e$-#"a/a".
σ m : e-a"-a" $aa<$aa .Pe$.2.1 σ a : e-a"-a" bla/<bal*/ Pe$.2.2 σ r
: al */l# e-a"-a" &a$* #"?a/ /e #"?a/
..Pe$.2.3
2.3. U8* *ma/
U8* *ma/ a"-a &* e$l#/a" #"#/ l-am aa# /m"e" ;a"- me"e$*ma beba" *ba< *ba e$#ama a&a e$#baha" eme$a#$e. A/*ba e"-a$#h eme$a#$e> l-am #le &aa be$#bah me"8a&* -ea> e$#ama a&a eme$a#$e $e"&ah.
Pa"-#8*a" *ma/ &*ba-* me"8a&* &#a me&a ;a*# me&a ?ha$; (;a"- ba";a/ &*-#"a/a" &* Ame$*/a %e$*/a) &a" me&a IF& (;a"- &* e$a/a" &* *"--$*). Pe$be&aa"
σ m
=
σ max−
σ minσ a
=
σ r2
/e&#a e$lea/ a&a ** e"emaa" e*me" a&a &#&#/a"> *ma/ ?ha$; mem**/a" e*me" e?a$a h$*F"al &a" beba" *ma/ &aa"- &a$* a$ah bela/a"- a/*/. %e&a"-/a" a&a *ma/ *F&> e*me" &*lea/a" &alam ** Be$*?al &a" beba" *ma/ &aa"- &a$* a$ah &ea" a/*/.
7amba$ 2.2. /ema* e"-#8*a" *ma/ ?ha$; &a" *F&
Pa&a aa e"&#l#m membe"#$ e*me" &a" e$8a&* aaha" > me*" me$e/am bea$ e"e$-; ;a"- &* e$a leh e*me" (&alam a#a" J#le). Ma/*" bea$ e"e$-; ;a"- &* e$a> me"#"8#/a" *"--*";a e"e$-; *ma/";a. E"e$-; *ma/ &aa &*#$#"/a" &a$* e$amaa" e"e$-; e"*al> ;a*# :
...Pe$.2.+ ...Pe$.2., D*ma"a : m : maa ba"&#l (/-) - : /"a" -$aB*a* (m92) Gh : e$be&aa" ** ba"&#l (m)
U"#/ &aa mela/#/a" e"-#8*a" a&a e*me"> e$ama /al* e"&#l#m &*a"-/a h*"--a me"?aa* aal. %e*me" &*ema/a" a&a &#&#/a"";a #"#/ /em#&*a" &*be"#$ leh e"&#l#m. E"e$-; e"*al *a e"&#l#m me";ebab/a" e"&#l#m e$# be$a;*" eelah membe"#/ e*me".
Pe"-#8*a" ;a"- me"-ha*l/a" e"e$-;9ha$-a *ma/ ;a"- ?#/# *"--* ma/a &aa &*/aa/a" mae$*al9l-am ;a"- &*#8* be$*Ca #le e&a"-/a" e"e$-; *ma/ $e"&ah me"a"&a/a" mae$*al -ea. H#b#"-a" e"e$-; *ma/ &a" *Ca #le9-ea #"#/ be$ba-a* eme$a#$e e"-#8*a" &*#"8#/a" a&a -amba$ be$*/# :
Beban Beban impak
Ep
=
m . g . ∆ h=
m . g .(
h1−
h2)
7amba$ 2.3. /#$Ba e"e$-; *ma/ B eme$a#$
a$a la*" me"-#/#$ *Ca #le9-ea l-am ha*l #8* *ma/ a&alah &e"-a" mel*ha e$m#/aa" aaha" aa/ah e$m#/aa" aaha" e$eb# be$e$a (aaha" a/*ba -ee$a") aa# -$a"#la$ (?leaBa-e> aaha" ama/ e$a"-) aa# ?am#$a" /e&#a";a. Paaha" be$e$a me"#"8#/a" *Ca #le &a" aaha" -$a"#la$ be$a$* l-am -ea. %eelah alah a# #8#a" e"-#8*a" *ma/ a&alah me"&aa/a" ee$a#$ &a" &*e$leh e"e$-; *ma/ /em#&*a"
4A4 III
TU7A% PENDAHULUAN
3.1. %al
U8* *ma/
1. Aa #8#a" $a/*/#m #8* *ma/
2. Jela/a" #8* *ma/ me"#$# me&e *F& &a" ?ha$;
3. Aa &*ma/#& &e"-a" eme$a#$e $a"**> &a" be$*/a" ?"h mae$*al ;a"-mem*l*/* &a" ;a"- *&a/ ;a"-mem*l*/* eme$a#$e $a"**
+. Jela/a" $e&#$ #"#/ me"-eah#* eme$a#$e $a"** &e"-a" e"-#8*a" *ma/ ,. Jela/a" e$be&aa" a"a$a aah #le &e"-a" aah -ea
@. Aa /e-#"aa" eme$a#$e $a"** a&a e$e"?a"aa" #a# eleme" me*" '. 5a/$<Ca/$ aa a8a ;a"- me"-eah#* ha$-a *ma/
U8* lelah
1.
Aa #8#a" aa# ma"Caa #8* lelah2.
Jela/a" $*"* e"-#8*a" lelah3.
%eb#/a" , b#ah /m"e" e/"*/ aa# me*" ;a"- me"e$*ma beba" &*"am*/ aa# be$Cl#/#a*+.
ba a"&a 8ela/a" -$aC*/ <" ;a"- &*a-$am e-a"-a" e$ha&a a/#,.
Kaa" #a# /m"e" *&a/ a/a" -a-al aa# aah a/*ba Ca*-#e 3.2. Jaaba"U8* *ma/
1.
U"#/ me"-eah#* ha$-a *ma/ #a# mae$*alIma/ ?ha$; mem**/a" e*me" e?a$a h$*F"al &a$* beba". 4eba" &aa"-&a$* a$ah bela/a"- a$*/. *ma/ *F& mem**/a" e*me" &a" Be$*?al &a" beba" *ma/ &a$* a$ah bela/a"- a/*/.
3. Teme$a#$e $a"** a&alah ;a"- me"#"8#/a" $a"** e$#baha" 8e"* aaha" #a# baha" b*la &* #8* a&a eme$a#$e ;a"- be$be&a<be&a.
+. a. mela/#/a" e"-hal#a" e$m#/aa" e*me"
b. Mela/#/a" e"-#8*a" a"a me"--#"a/a" e*me" ?. Me"-#/#$ &*me"* e*me"
&. Melaa/a" e*me" a&a eme$a#$e
e. Ja$#m e"#"8#/ e"e$-; &* a#$ a&a ** "l
C. me"-a"-/a ba"&#l em#/#l &a" /#"?* a&a ema";a -. Melea/a" e*me" a&a &#&#/a" e*me"
h. Melea/a" ba"&#l em#/#l
*. Me"?aa bea$ e"e$-; ;a"- &* #"8#/a" leh me*" 8. Mela/#/a" e"-#8*a" eme$a#$e la*".
,. a. Paah #le a&alah aah ;a"- aaha"";a membe"#/ #&#<#&# aa# be$e$ab#.
b. Paah -ea a&alah aah ;a"- e$m#/aa" aaha" ;a"- e$m#/aa" aaha"";a $aa aa# l*?*"> me"-/*la.
@. U"#/ me"-eah#* aa/ah mae$*al *# la;a/ aa# *&a/ eba-a* eleme" me*" '. a. Teme$a#$
b. Je"* mae$*al be"&a #8* ?. la8# embeba"a" *ma/ &. $*a*al $e
U8* lelah
1. U"#/ me"e"#/a" /eaha"a"9/e/#aa" mae$*al beba" &*"am*/
2. %#a# be"&a #8* e$ha&a embeba"a" &*"am*/ aa# be$#a &*ma"a beba" ;a"-&*be$*/a" &*baeah /e/#aa" l#l#h";a.
3. a. Jembaa" b. $a"e ?. P$ e"-/l &. P*" e. %h?/ ab$be$ Beban Beban
+. 7a;a ;a"- &aa &*beba"/a" a&a beba" elama embeba"a" */l# 8a#h leb*h $e"&ah &a$* beba" a*? /e/#aa"> a$*/ &aa &*8a&*/a" e&ma" &ea*" #"#/ /"$#/* ;a"- me"-alam* beba" a*?> 8#mlah */l# " ;a"- &aa &*#/#l leh l-am a/a" #$#" &e"-a" "a*/";a e-a"-a".
4A4 I6
PEN7OLAHAN DATA
+.1 Pe"-laha" Daa U8* Lelah
Daa ha*l e"-#8*a"
Ha$*9a"--al e"-#8*a" : 0'<0,<2013
Mae$*al ;a"- &*-#"a/a" : %T3'
D*amee$ l#a$ ;a"- &*-#"a/a" : 20 mm
+.1.1 Pe"-laha" Daa
7amba$/a" /ema* e"-#8*a" &*le"-/a* &e"-a" /m"e" e"*"- &a" #/#$a" aa# 8a$a/. 10mm 16mm 10mm Spesimen Weight Motor Revolution counter
F1 = 196,2 N F2 = 196,2 N RAX RAY RBY +.1.2 A"al*a D44 20 /- 20.>1 N 20 /- 1@>2 N
+¿
MA=
0 ↻∑
¿¿
196,2.10+
196,2.26−
RBY .36=
0 1962+
5101,2−
RBY .36=
0 7063,2−
RBY .36=
0 RBY=
7063,2 36=
196,2 N+¿
MB=
0 ↻∑
¿¿
−
196,2.10−
196,2.26+
RAY .36=
0−
1962−
5101,2+
RAY .36=
0−
7063,2+
RAY .36=
0RAY = 196,2 N MLX1 VX1 196,2 N MLX2 VX2 196,2 N RAY
=
7063,2 36=
196,2 N FX=
0(
→)
+¿∑
¿
RAY
=
0, /a$e"a *&a/ a&a -a;a ;a"- be/e$8a%e-me" A4
−¿
∑
FY=
0(
↑)
¿ VX 1−
196,2=
0 VX 1=
196,2 N MLX 1=
0 MLX 1=
196,2. X 1 %e-me" 4 X196,2 N VX3 MLX3 196,2
+
-A
B
C
D
−¿
∑
FY=
0(
↑)
¿ VX 2−
196,2+
196.2=
0 VX 2=
0 MLX 2=
0 MLX 1−
196,2. X 2=
0 MLX 1=
196,2. X 2 %e-me" D∑
FY=
0 VX 1+
196,2=
0 VX 1=−
196,2 N∑
MLX 3=
0 MLX 3−
196,2. X 3=
0 MLX 3=
196,2. X 3 D*a-$am L*"a"- (6)196,2
+
A
B
C
D
A"al*a
Da$* e$h*#"-a" ;a"- elah &*la/#/a"> /*a me"&aa/a" &*a-$am l*"a"-> ee$* &*aa *"*> e-me" A4 a&alah **C &a" e-me" D a&alah "e-a*C.
• T**/ D 10 MLX 3
=
196,2.10¿
1962 NM • T**/ 10 MLXC=
196,2.0¿
0 • MLX 1=
196,2. X 1=
0 • T**/ A 0 MLXA=
196,2.0¿
0 • T**/ 4 1@ MLXB=
196,2.16¿
3139,2 Nm • MLX 2=
0 MLX 2o+
196,2.10−
196,2(
X 2+
X 1)
=
0 • VX 3=−
196,2 N • MLX 3=
196,2 N53,6 3 ,1 9,9 5!,95 5"5 6,65 9,6 A"al*a
Da$* e$h*#"-a" ;a"- #&ah /*a &aa la/#a/"> /*a &aa memb#a &*a-$am le"#$> "*la* &a$* 4 &a" a&alah ama.
+.2 Pe"-laha" Daa U8* Ima/
Lemba$ /e$8a ela/a"aa" $a/*/#m
Ha$*9a"--al : %elaa> 0'<0,<2013
Je"* mae$*al : 4a8a
+.2.1. Daa ha*l Pe"-#8*a"
Tabel. +.1. Daa e"-#/#$a" &*me"* aal e*me"
Ma#e$ia% N& '(i )en*'k'$an )an(an* kemm )en*'k'$an )an(an* kemm )en*'k'$an )an(an* kemm 1 2 3 Ra#a -$a#a 1 2 3 Ra# a-$a#a 1 2 3 Ra# a-$a#a Ba(a 1 53,6 53, 5 53,5 53,5 3 9,9 9,9 9, 9, 6 9, 9,9 9, 5 9, 5 2 53,6 53, 5 53,5 53,5 3 9,9 9,9 9, 9, 6 9, 9,9 9, 5 9, 5 3 53,6 53, 5 53,5 53,5 3 9,9 9,9 9, 9, 6 9, 9,9 9, 5 9, 5 A% 1 5!,9 5 5!, 9 5!, 5 5!, 9,6 9,6 5 9,. 9,6 5 9,6 9,6 5 9,6 9,6 1 2 5!,9 5 5!, 9 5!, 5 5!, 9,6 9,6 5 9,. 9,6 5 9,6 9,6 5 9,6 9,6 1 3 5!,9 5 5!, 9 5!, 5 5!, 9,6 9,6 5 9,. 9,6 5 9,6 9,6 5 9,6 9,6 1
Tabel. +.2. Daa e"-#8*a"
Ma#e$ia% N& '(i
/empe$a#'$e '(i ℃
Dimen0i 0peimen $a#a-$a#a ne$* impak (&'%e )an(an * Leba$ /eba% Ba(a 1 2. 53,53 9,6 9,5 1!5 2 24 53,53 9,6 9,5 142 3 !44 53,53 9,6 9,5 145 A% 1 2. 5!, 9,65 9,61 24 2 24 5!, 9,65 9,61 25
3 !44 5!, 9,65 9,61 53
Tabel. +.3. Pe"-laha" &aa
Ma#e$ia% N& '(i /empe$a#'$ '(i C L'a0 penampan* baa7 #akik
(
mm2)
L'a0 = L 8 / a$*a impak (&'%e: cm2 )a#a 7 '%e# ; )a#a7 *e#a0 ; Ba(a 1 2. 4,19 1!5 4 24 2 24 4,19 122 5 95 3 !44 4,19 145 5 15 A% 1 2. 62, 24 4 144 2 24 62, 25 4 144 3 !44 62, 35 24 4K#$Ba ha$-a *ma/ B eme$a#$e
2. 24 !44 4 24 !4 64 4 144 124 1!4 1641!5 122 145 24 25 53
Kurva harga impak vs temperatur
Ba(a
A%'m'ni'm
4A4 I6
ANALI%I% DAN KE%IMPULAN
+.1 A"al**
Pa&a e"-#8*a" *ma/ eme$a#$e meme"-a$#h* *Ca -ea> &a" #le #a# mae$*al eh*"--a ha$-a *ma/";a #" be$be&a eme$a#$e meme"-a$#h* /ea"--#ha" mae$*al> /e*/a mae$*al mem#";a* #h# ;a"- *"--*> ma/a /ea"--#ha"";a #" be$ambah> &a" /e*/a #h# mae$*al $e"&ah> ma/a /e-eaa"";a ;a"- be$ambah. 4e"#/ &a$* aaha" a/a" me"?*$*/a" aa/ah mae$*al *# -ea aa# #le
+.2 Ke*m#la"
Pa&a e"-#8*a" lelah /*a a/a" b*a me"-eah#* /eaha"a" #a# mae$*al;a"- &*be$* beba" &*"am*/.
Pa&a e"-#8*a" *ma/ /*a me"-amb*l /e*m#la" baha> eme$a#$e &alam e"-#8*a" *ma/ a"-a be$e"-a$#h #"#/ ha$-a *ma/> ema/*" *"--* #h# ma/a /e#le#a"
&a$* #a# mae$*al a/a" be$ambah> &a" /e*/a #h# #&ah $e"&ah> ma/a /e-eaa"";a ;a"-a/a" be$ambah.
4A4 6
%ARAN
,.1 %a$a"
• U"#/ me*" #8* lelah> /*a *&a/ b*a mela/#/a" e"-#8*a"> /a$e"a me*" $#a/> 8a&*
hal *"* 8a"-a" ama* e$8a&* a&a me*"<me*" ;a"- la*"";a> ma/a &a$* *# *"-/a/a" #"#/ e$aaa" me*"<me*" #8* ;a"- la*"";a.
