By:
Mayasari Sinambela
408141084
Biology Bilingual Education Study Program
A THESIS
Submitted to fulfill the requirement for the degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan
BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
Name : Mayasari Sinambela
Reg. Number : 408141084
Study Program : Biology Bilingual Education
Department : Biology
Approved by: Supervisor,
Lembar Pengesahan
Prof.Dr.Herbert Sipahutar,M.Si.,M.Sc. NIP. 19610626 198710 1 001
Acknowledge by :
Head of Biology Education Coordinator of Bilingual Class Study Program
Drs.Tri Harsono, M.Si Prof.Dr.Herbert Sipahutar,M.Si.,M.Sc. NIP. 19651231 199003 1 018 NIP. 19610626 198710 1 001
FMIPA UNIMED Dean,
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Praise and thank the writer prayed to the Lord Jesus Christ, for all the
grace and love of His presence is so large that the writer can be completed this
thesis properly and on time with entitled: “The Development of Module As
Instructional Material and Its Effect on Learning Achievement of Students on
Human Nervous System Topic Grade XI IA SMA Negeri 2 Balige Academic
Year 2011/2012”.
This thesis was the result of scientific thought which the writer builds
upon the theories that the writer gained during the lecture. This thesis is intended
as one of the requirements to obtain The Bachelor's degree of Education (S-1)
Biology Department State University of Medan.
This thesis could not have been accomplished without guidance,
suggestions and comments from several people, thus the writer would like to
extend special thanks to:
1. Mr. Prof.Dr. Hebert Sipahutar,M.Si,M.Sc., as writer’s thesis supervisor for
his guidance, suggestions and his willingness to accept the title of this
thesis and to spend hid valuable time in correcting and critizing this thesis
draft.
2. Mr. Syarifuddin,M.Sc.,Ph.D, Mrs. Dr.Fauziyah Harahap,M.Si., and Mrs.
Dra.Meida Nugrahalia,M.Sc., as writer’s examiner for their suggestion and
constructive criticisms for this thesis revision.
3. Mr. Danjor Nababan, S.Pd,M.M., the principal of SMAN 2 Balige for his
kindness to allow the writer in conducting my research at this school.
4. Mr. Pasno Lingga, S.Pd, Mrs. Rohani Siburian, S.Pd,M.Si and Mrs. Happy
Hutabarat, S.Pd,M.Si as Biology reacher in SMAN 2 Balige for their
kindness to allow writer in conducting my research at their class and also
all the students of grade XI IA 5 and XI IA 6 that have participated during
research.
5. Beloved parents Ayahanda M. Sinambela, S.Pd and Ibunda R. Sihombing,
love and their prayer to the writer, that have reinforced the writer in
finishing the writer’s undergraduate education.
6. My beloved brother, Benny Sinambela, for his support, guidance and
kindness for me.
7. My special friend in Biology Bilingual class Wenny Pintalitna Tarigan,
Maria Loretta Hutabarat, Yeni Khairina and Dina Kharida for their
encouragement and willingness to help the writer to complete this research
thesis
8. KOBE 104 diva, Friska Panggabean (Biology 08) and Yuni Asnita
Sihombing (Geography 08) for their support and joke that entertain the
writer during finishing this thesis.
9. Special thanks to my special friend Zulkifly Rasyid Nasution and Frida Eni
Gultom for their motivation, kindness and pray during finishing this
research.
10.Last but certainly not the least, all my sisters and brothers in Biology
Bilingual Program, Biology Department, State University of Medan for
their motivation whose name can not be mentioned one by one here.
May the love and peace of the Lord Jesus Christ always be with us. Finally,
with all humility this paper hopefully beneficial to contribute ideas in education,
especially for writers.
Medan, July 2012
The Writer,
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODULE AS INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL nervous system topic that categorized difficult to comprehend because of its complicated characteristics because this topic deals with complex physical and chemical mechanism. Based on pra-observation to study school, 61% students didn’t reach minimum criteria of completeness in learning process and the performance of handbook was less systematic and less attractive in presenting the concept. Learning module was delivered to contribute positively to increase learning achievement of students. The objective of this study was developing of module based instruction in order to solve the difficulties in understanding human nervous system and knowing the effect of module on learning achievement of students on human nervous system that use module as instructional material. This study was consisted of two stages. First was developmental stage that followed Dick and Carey (2001) model. It was aimed to produce product which has assessed during validation process in order to get its feasibility on material aspect, presentation aspect, readability aspect and grafity aspect. Based on Validation results of material expert showed that: (1) material aspect was 77.73%, (2) presentation aspect was 66.67%, (3) readability aspect was 77.73%. The Validation result of learning design experts to grafity aspect was 92%. Assessment result of small group testing showed; (1) material aspect was 91,6%, (2) presentation aspect was 95%, (3) readability aspect was 98,3%. (4) grafity aspect was 97,5%. Assessment result of bigl group testing showed that: (1) material aspects was 90%, (2) presentation aspect was 86.16%, (3) readability aspects was 87.78%. (4) grafity aspect was 91.22%. Second was the implementation stage to see the effect of module to learning achievement of students. Population was regular class students grade XI-IA SMAN 2 Balige that consists of 3 classes. Sample was consists of 2 classes which taken with random sampling technique where XI-IA6 as experimental class (module class) and XI-IA5 as control class (handbook class). Each class was contains of 34 students. Instrument that used to collect data was multiple choice test (25 items) and essay test (3 items) where for pre-test and post-test was same. From result, it was obtained tcount was 4,875 and ttabel = 1,669 (with α = 0,05 dan dk = 34+34-2 = 66). It can be obtained that tcount > ttable or 4,875 > 1,669, it meant H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. Based on study result, it can be concluded that Learning achievement of module based instruction students is higher than handbook based instruction students in human nervous system in grade XI IA SMAN 2 Balige at academic year 2011/2012. On the whole, module as instructional material is more effective as for biology learning as compared to handbook as instructional material. Because by using module, students are provided learning according to their ability level and needs, creating interest among students in reading.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Praise and thank the writer prayed to the Lord Jesus Christ, for all the
grace and love of His presence is so large that the writer can be completed this
thesis properly and on time with entitled: “The Development of Module As
Instructional Material and Its Effect on Learning Achievement of Students on
Human Nervous System Topic Grade XI IA SMA Negeri 2 Balige Academic
Year 2011/2012”.
This thesis was the result of scientific thought which the writer builds
upon the theories that the writer gained during the lecture. This thesis is intended
as one of the requirements to obtain The Bachelor's degree of Education (S-1)
Biology Department State University of Medan.
This thesis could not have been accomplished without guidance,
suggestions and comments from several people, thus the writer would like to
extend special thanks to:
1. Mr. Prof.Dr. Hebert Sipahutar,M.Si,M.Sc., as writer’s thesis supervisor for
his guidance, suggestions and his willingness to accept the title of this
thesis and to spend hid valuable time in correcting and critizing this thesis
draft.
2. Mr. Syarifuddin,M.Sc.,Ph.D, Mrs. Dr.Fauziyah Harahap,M.Si., and Mrs.
Dra.Meida Nugrahalia,M.Sc., as writer’s examiner for their suggestion and
constructive criticisms for this thesis revision.
3. Mr. Danjor Nababan, S.Pd,M.M., the principal of SMAN 2 Balige for his
kindness to allow the writer in conducting my research at this school.
4. Mr. Pasno Lingga, S.Pd, Mrs. Rohani Siburian, S.Pd,M.Si and Mrs. Happy
Hutabarat, S.Pd,M.Si as Biology reacher in SMAN 2 Balige for their
kindness to allow writer in conducting my research at their class and also
all the students of grade XI IA 5 and XI IA 6 that have participated during
research.
5. Beloved parents Ayahanda M. Sinambela, S.Pd and Ibunda R. Sihombing,
love and their prayer to the writer, that have reinforced the writer in
finishing the writer’s undergraduate education.
6. My beloved brother, Benny Sinambela, for his support, guidance and
kindness for me.
7. My special friend in Biology Bilingual class Wenny Pintalitna Tarigan,
Maria Loretta Hutabarat, Yeni Khairina and Dina Kharida for their
encouragement and willingness to help the writer to complete this research
thesis
8. KOBE 104 diva, Friska Panggabean (Biology 08) and Yuni Asnita
Sihombing (Geography 08) for their support and joke that entertain the
writer during finishing this thesis.
9. Special thanks to my special friend Zulkifly Rasyid Nasution and Frida Eni
Gultom for their motivation, kindness and pray during finishing this
research.
10.Last but certainly not the least, all my sisters and brothers in Biology
Bilingual Program, Biology Department, State University of Medan for
their motivation whose name can not be mentioned one by one here.
May the love and peace of the Lord Jesus Christ always be with us. Finally,
with all humility this paper hopefully beneficial to contribute ideas in education,
especially for writers.
Medan, July 2012
The Writer,
vi
2.2 Learning Development of Senior High School Students 6
2.3 Teaching and Learning 7
2.8.2 The Purpose and Benefit of Making Module 15
2.8.3 Models of Research and Developmental 16
2.8.4 Components of Modules 17
2.8.5 Sequence of Module Arrangement 20
2.8.6 Utilization of Modules in Classroom Learning 20
2.9 Description of Materials Nervous System 21
2.9.1 Definition and Function of Nervous System 21
2.9.2 Neurons 21
2.9.3 The Nerve Impulses 22
2.9.4 The Synapse 23
2.9.5 The Arrangement of Human Nervous System 24
2.9.6 Disorder in Human Nervous System 24
2.10 Study Hypothesis 24
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
vii
4.1.1.1 Validation Process of Module as Instructional Material 43
4.1.1.1.1 Validation Result by Material Expert and Learning Design Expert 43 4.1.1.1.2 Assessment Score of Module by Small Group Testing 47
4.1.1.1.3 Assessment Score of Module by Big Group Testing 49
4.1.1.2 Product Revision 50
4.1.2 Implementation Result (The Effect of Module) 51
4.1.2.1 Instrument Testing Result 51
4.2.1.2 Analysis Data Result of Small Group Testing 57
4.2.1.3 Analysis Data Result of Big Group Testing 58
ix
LIST OF TABLE
Page
Table 3.1 Percentage criteria for indicators 31
Table 3.2 Number of students class XI IA 33
SMA N. 2 Balige Academic Year 2011/2012
Table 3.3 Number of students population class XI IA 34 SMA N. 2 Balige Academic Year 2011/2012
Table 3.4 Multiple choices for instrument 35
Table 3.5 Study design 36
Table 3.6 Teaching and learning activities 38
viii LIST OF FIGURE
Page
Figure 2.1 The part of neuron 21
Figure 2.2 Mechanism of synapse 23
Figure 2.5 Schema of human nervous system 24
Figure 3.1 The Stages of Module Developmental 32
(Modification of Model Dick and Carey, 2001) Figure 3.2 Chart of implementation phase procedure of the research 39
Figure 4.1 Assessment Result of Material Expert on Material Aspect 44
Figure 4.2 Assessment Result of Material Expert on Presentation Aspect 45
Figure 4.3 Assessment Result of Material Expert on Readability Aspect 46
Figure 4.4 Assessment Result of Learning Design Expert on Grafity Aspect 47
Figure 4.5 Assessment Result of Small Group Testing 48
Figure 4.6 Assessment Result of Big Group Testing 49
x
LIST OF APPENDIX
Page
Appendix 1 Questionnaire and Validation Instrument of Module 68
Appendix 2 Module of Human Nervous System 82
Appendix 3 Syllabus 138
Appendix 4 Lesson Plan of Experimental Class 141
Appendix 5 Lesson Plan of Control Class 153
Appendix 6 Human Nervous System Achievement Test 166
Appendix 7 Rubric Score 175
Appendix 8 Validation of Module by Material Expert 194 Appendix 9 Validation of Module by Learning Design Expert 196 Appendix 10 Validation of Module by Biology Teachers 197 Appendix 11 Validation of Module by Senior High School Students 199 Appendix 12 Validation of Module by Big Group Testing 201
Appendix 13 Validity Test 203
Appendix 14 Reliability Test 206
Appendix 15 Item Difficulty Test 208
Appendix 16 Item Discriminant Test 211
Appendix 17 Result of Pre-test and Post-test Experimental Class 214 Appendix 18 Result of Pre-test and Post-test Control Class 215 Appendix 19 Calculation of Basic Statistic 216 Appendix 20 Requirement Testing 219
Appendix 21 Hypothesis Testing 223
Appendix 22 Documentation of Research in SMAN 2 Balige 232
