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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH DESIGN
3.1. Type of Research
According to Yin (2011), a qualitative research is a research which involves studying under real-world conditions to capture the participant’s perspective and covers contextual conditions. This study is conducted under this kind of research because its aim is to capture the characteristics of CDS produced by an Indonesian mother in reality and natural setting. The result, therefore, depends on the participant and certainly differs with the other settings (place and condition). Furthermore, this study also belongs to a case study because the writer studies the particularity and complexity of a single case of people (in this case, one particular in mother speech by to her daughter) and combines a variety of data collection methods such as observation and interviews (Dornyei, 2007).
3.2. Subject of this Study
A thirty-five years old mother is the sole subject of this study. She resigned from her job four years ago and has been focusing take care of her daughter. The writer chose her without any consideration of her study background or something else but based on her quantity of time in spending almost a whole day with her daughter.
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3.3. Technique and Instrument of Data Collection
The main data of this study is the conversations between the mother and her child in various topics and naturally settings. To gather this typical data, direct observation when she is communicating with her child is the suitable method of data collection. By doing direct observation, manipulating data can be avoided because the writer is within them. As stated by Wray, Trott, and Bloomer (1998), the researcher also can observe ongoing their daily activities without making any attempt to control or determine them. The data collection is conducted for ten observations. Each observation is approximately one until two hours. The time is chosen randomly to stimulate the conversation naturally.
In addition, all the conversations are recorded by an audio video recorder. It is needed for capturing the characteristics of CDS clearly which are appeared in the subject speech as a part of her language. Besides that, a checklist (appendix 1) about CDS’ characteristics based on Ferguson’s (1977, in Kayani, 2001) theories is also
prepared to assist the writer during the process of observation. An interview with the mother is also done to classify some data of the observation results.
3.4. Method of Data Analysis
17 child accurately as the features of a particular individual, situations or a group. This study also provides an example of real people in real situations, enabling readers to understand ideas about CDS especially its characteristics more clearly than only by presenting them with abstract theories or principles as the single instance as declared by Cohen, Manion, and Morrison (2007).
A systematic procedure is needed to get a complete analysis in answering the research question. First, record the subject’s speech in daily conversations with her daughter through an audio recorder after getting her permission. During the observation, the writer also works with the checklists to have pre-analysis about CDS’ characteristics that she used so the writer does not waste much time on just
