Three World’s Meet Chapter 1 - Three World Chapter 1 Notes Student Version

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Three World’s Meet Chapter 1 Peopling the Americas

• 22,000 years ago hunters

____________________________________________________________________

• Inhabitants _______________________________ until climate warms 12,000 to 10,000 years ago

• Hunt small ___________________________________________

• Planting of _________________________________________________________ 10,000 to 5,000 years ago

• Some cultures remain

________________________________________________________________________

• The Olmec ______________________________________________________ along Gulf of Mexico

• A.D. 250 to 900,

______________________________________________________________________________

• The _________________________________________________________________________________ in 1200s

• Inca establish empire

_________________________________________________________________________

• Cultures have _____________________________________________________________; some have writing

Aztecs

• Located in ________________________________

• Tenochtitlan—___________________________________________________________________

Mayans

• Accomplished

_______________________________________________________________________________.

• The __________________________________ were centers for rituals and religion

• Pyramids such as

_____________________________________________________________________________

Mayan Astronomy

• Masters of the Night Sky- ______________________________________________________________

• Accurately __________________________________________________ by using a forked stick like implement

• Created an __________________________________________

• Predicted ___________________________________________________

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• Mayans ________________________________________________ from the Olmecs that was an important part of Mayan political and religious festivals

• High-ranking captives

_________________________________________________________________________

• The ________________________________________________________________________ and faced torture and execution immediately following the match

• Object of the game was to

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

Peopling the Americas

• About

______________________________________________________________________________________

• Groups established civilizations, 300 B.C. to A.D. 1400

• Hohokam ______________________________________________

• Anasazi _________________________________________________________________

• The Anasazis built cliff-dwellings out of sandstone blocks, some with over 600 interconnected rooms and reaching 5 stories tall.

• In

East______________________________________________________________________________________

• Adena, Hopewell build

______________________________________________________________________

• Mississippian

________________________________________________________________________________

• Their largest settlement, Cahokia, was located near present day St. Louis, Missouri and may have had a population of 40,000.

North American Societies around 1492

• In _____________________________, Kashaya Pomo hunt waterfowl along northwest coast

• The _______________________________________ gather acorns in forests, fish in mountain streams.

• In the NW Coast

_____________________________________________________________________________

• Kwakiutl, Nootka, & Haida

______________________________________________________________________

• North American Societies around 1492

• In the SW,

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• Descendants of Anasazi civilization.

• Hopi, Acoma live near

cliffs__________________________________________________________________

• Grow corn, beans, squash; build kivas, underground ceremonial rooms

• North American Societies around 1492

• In the ________________________________________________________________ build villages in forests; farm, hunt, gather

• The Iroquois League

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

• Trading—_______________________________________________________________________________ with each other, along with how they transported goods.

• Land Use—way of life for the Indians. _____________________________________ and worked by everyone…land was not owned, hence not for sale.

• Religion—___________________________________________________________________________

• Kinship—_____________________________________________________________________. This

helped ensure that family customs would be passed down from generation to generation. Also, men and women had clearly defined roles in their tribes.

• Division of Labor—

___________________________________________________________________________________________

West African Societies around 1492

• In mid-1400s, _______________________________________________________; gains wealth, power

• Sunni Ali rules 1464–1492, _________________________________________________________

• Timbuktu again becomes great center of ________________________________________

• Songhai control savanna (dry grasslands) but not forest area

• West African Societies around 1492

• Benin Forest kingdoms trade with Songhai, North Africa, Portugal

• Benin dominates large area around Niger Delta

• Oba, or ruler, controls trade, district chiefs, metal work

• Kongo—many small kingdoms in rain forest, lower CongoRiver

• Manikongo, or ruler, oversees empire of over 4 million people

• Kongo system of government very similar to that of European nations

European Societies around 1492

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gave some people hope. Also, most of the people of Europe were Peasants (bottom of ladder)

• Nuclear Family—_________________________________________________________________ This is what was important to the Europeans (much different than the Native American Kinship)

Reasons For Exploration

• Renaissance

• Period of Time in Euro History (1400-1600)

• People paid

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

• Crusades

• Series of ________________________________________________________________________ (Spread Christianity)

• Caused Europeans to increase trade with the Middle East…led to a strong desire for their goods and a need for an easier trade route.

• Reformation

• Split in the ____________________________________________________________________

• Caused people to want to move away because of Religious Persecution

• Growth of Commerce and Population

• __________________________________________________________

• More trade with Asia---more need for easy route

• Rise of Nations

• Portugal, France, England, Spain

• ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

• Sailing Technology

• Compass and Astrolabe ___________________________________________________.

• Able to ________________________________________

Transatlantic Encounters

• In 1492, _____________________________________________ attempts to reach Asia by sailing west

• Meets Taino—natives of Caribbean; renames _______________________________________________

• Columbus

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• Explores small islands and coastlines __________________________________

• Colonization—

________________________________________________________________________________

• Europeans force

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Leading Towards Slavery

• Spanish ____________________________________________________

• Natives ____________________________________________________

• Then _______________________________ were used when the Natives died.

• Slave trade brought big money

• Trade _____________________________________________

Resisting the Spanish

• Best option was to _____________________________________

• Some natives tried to fight back in protest,

___________________________________________________________________________________________

• Spanish were “supposed” to try to convert the Natives,

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

Columbus…hero or villain?

• Hero

• Explored the _______________________________________

• Started _____________________________________________

• Started __________________________________________________

• Villain

• Started ____________________________________

• Greedy—______________________________________________

• Slavery—natives then Africans

• Killed __________________________________________________

Transatlantic Encounters

• Thousands of Europeans _____________________________________________________

• Columbian Exchange: ________________________________________________________

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• lands west of

___________________________________________________________________________

• lands

_____________________________________________________________________________________

• Treaty