PENAGANAN NYERI PADA ORANG TUA
Oleh;
Bagus Komang Satriyasa
ABSTRACT
The prevalence of pain increases with advancing age. Pain is often undiagnosed or under-treated in older patients, particularly those with cognitive impairment, communication problems or residents of aged-care facilities. prevalence of pain increases with advancing age. Pain is often undiagnosed or under-treated in older patients. Cognitive impairment and polypharmacy can make assessment and treatment difficult. The most definitive approach to the management of pain is to treat the underlying cause. Pharmacological approaches form the mainstay of therapy. They are convenient and often cost-effective, and may be used alone, or in combination with physical and psychological therapies. Physicians can effectively manage pain in the elderly by understanding different types of pain (nociceptive and neuropathic), and appropriate use of nonopioid, opioid, and adjuvant medications. Patient with nociceptive pain would be to begin with regularly dosed acetaminophen, then add an NSAID if appropriate. The next step would be to add a low-dose opioid. If the patient uses a sufficient quantity of the opiate, dosing should be spread out throughout the day. Once a stable dose is reached, one can use a sustained-release formulation. A rational approac Opioids have become more widely accepted for treating older adults who have persistent pain, but their use requires physicians have an understanding of prevention and management of side effects, withdrawal, and careful monitoring.
