ABSTRAK
Pemeliharaan jaringan pulpa yang sehat penting bagi fungsi dan vitalitas gigi. Bahan kaping pulpa direk dan indirek yang sering digunakan untuk memelihara jaringan pulpa adalah kalsium hidroksida, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), dan SIKMR (Semen Ionomer Kaca Modifikasi Resin). Namun bahan-bahan ini mempunyai kekurangan, seperti arsen pada MTA dan HEMA pada SIKMR. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan Kitosan Molekul Tinggi Nanopartikel (KMTn) dapat menstimulasi viabilitas sel karena mengandung glukosaminoglikan dan Abu Sekam Padi Nanopartikel (ASPn) bersifat osteoinduksi karena adanya silika (SiO2) dan kalsium hidroksida. Penggunaan kitosan berperan sebagai scaffold dan ASPn sebagai bahan hidroksiapatit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efek penambahan KMTn pada ASPn untuk meningkatkan viabilitas sel pulpa. Penelitian ini terdiri dari tujuh kelompok yaitu ASPn (K1), ASPn+KMTn sebelum setting (K2), ASPn+KMTn setelah setting (K3), MTA sebelum setting (K4), MTA sesudah setting (K5), SIKMR (K6), dan kelompok tanpa perlakuan (K7). Bahan-bahan uji dipaparkan pada kultur
mouse dental pulp cell lines (MDPC) secara in vitro selama 1, 3, dan 7 hari.
Viabilitas sel dihitung dengan menggunakan MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5
diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) assay. Data diuji dengan uji ANOVA satu arah dan
diikuti uji T-test dan uji Bonferroni. Uji statistik menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara ASPn+KMTn sebelum setting dengan MTA sebelum setting
(p=0,000) dan pada kelompok ASPn+KMTn sesudah setting dengan MTA sesudah
setting tidak ada perbedaan baik hari ke-1, ke-3, dan ke-7 (p> 0,05), nilai viabilitas sel pada paparan MTA sebelum dan sesudah setting lebih tinggi dibanding ASPn+KMTn sebelum dan sesudah setting, namun nilai viabilitas sel pada paparan ASPn+KMTn sebelum dan sesudah setting lebih tinggi dibanding ASPn, SIKMR, dan kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara in vitro terjadi peningkatan viabilitas sel MDPC dengan penambahan KMTn pada ASPn, menunjukkan bahan biomaterial uji cukup biokompatibel terhadap sel pulpa.
ABSTRACT
Maintenance of a healthy pulp tissue is important for the function and vitality of teeth. Direct and indirect pulp capping materials which is often used to maintain the pulp tissue are calcium hydroxide, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), and RMGIC (Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement). However, these materials have disadvantages, such as arsenic relase in MTA and HEMA from RMGIC. Previous research indicates High Molecular Chitosan Nanoparticles (HMCn) could stimulate cell proliferation because it contains glycosaminoglycan and Rice Husk Ash Nanoparticles (RHAn) is osteoinductive because of silica (SiO2) and calcium
hydroxide containt. The use of chitosan acts as a scaffold and RHAn as hydroxyapatite material. This study aims to look at the effects of adding HMCn+RHAn pulp to improve cell viability. The study consisted of six groups: RHAn (K1), RHAn + HMCn before setting (K2), RHAn + HMCn after setting (K3), MTA before setting (K4), MTA after setting (K5), RMGIC (K6) , and the untreated group (K7). Test materials were applied to cultured mouse dental pulp cell lines (MDPC) in vitro for 1, 3, and 7 days. Cell viability was calculated using the MTT ( 3 - [4,5 - dimethylthiazol - 2 - yl ] -2,5 diphenyltetrazoliumbromide ) assay. Data were tested by One Way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test. The statistical test showed that there were significant differences between RHAn+HMCn before setting and MTA before setting (p = 0.000) and in group RHAn +HMCn after setting and MTA after setting, there were no differences in 1st, 3rd, and 7th days (p> 0.05). Value of cell viability in group of MTA exposure before and after setting was higher than RHAn + HMCn before and after setting, but the value of cell viability in group RHAn+HMCn before and after setting was higher than RHAn, RMGIC, and control. The results of this study showed there was increase in cell viability with the addition HMCn in RHAn on MDPC, thus these materials are quite biocompatible on dental pulp cells.
