THE EFFECT OF MIND MAPPING TECHNIQUE ON
STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING REPORT
TEXT
A THESIS
Submitted to the English Department, Faculty of Language and Arts, State University of Medan, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
BY
MAGDALENA SIMANJUNTAK
Registration Number: 2103121027ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTEMENT
LANGUAGES AND ARTS FACULTY
DECLARATION
Except where appropriately acknowledge, this thesis is my own work, has been
expressed on my own words and has not previously been submitted for assessment. I understand that this paper may be screened electronically or otherwise for plagiarism.
Medan, Maret 2015
i ABSTRACT
Simanjuntak, Magdalena. 2103121027. The Effect of Mind Mapping on Students’ Achievement in Writing Report Text. A Thesis. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan. 2015.
This study was conducted as an attempt to discover the effect of Mind Mapping technique on Students’ Achievement in Writing Report Text. It was an
experimental research. The subject was students of Grade XI, Senior High School 2 (Sekolah Menengah Atas: SMA) 2, which consisted of 72 students. The research was divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. The instrument used to collect the data was writing report text. To obtain the reliability of the test, the writer applied William Knight formula. The result of the reliability was 0.95, and it was found that the test was reliable. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The analysis showed that the scores of the students in the experimental group were significantly higher than the scores of the students in the control group at the level of significant µ= 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 72, t-observed value 3.510 > t-table value 1.994. the findings indicate that using Mind Mapping Technique significantly affected the students’ writing achievement. So, English teachers are suggested to use Mind Mapping Technique in order to improve students’ writing achievement
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First and the fore most, the writer would like to express her deepest gratitude to Jesus Christ, for His blessing, health and opportunity which has enabled her to complete this thesis which entitled: The Effect of Mind Mapping Technique on Students’ Achievement in Writing Report Text. This thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan of the English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan (UNIMED).
In completing this thesis, the writer realized that she faced some problems and he had received the academic guidance, suggestions, and comments and got a lot of assistance and moral support from many people. Therefore, the writer would like to express his gratitude and special thanks to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si., as the Rector of State Unive-rsity of Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., as the Dean of Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., as the Head of English Department, Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed., as the Head of English Education Study Program.
Dr. Siti Aisah Ginting, M.Pd., her Thesis Advisor
Dr. Zainuddin, DIP. TEFL. M.Hum her Academic Advisor
Prof. Dr. Berlin Sibarani, M.Pd., Drs. Johan Sinulingga.M.Pd, her reviewer and examiner.
All the Lecturers of English Department
Mam Euis, as the administration staff of English Department
Dra. Suriyati Tanjung, M.Pd the Headmaster of SMA Prayatna Medan
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Her parentsRasman Simanjuntak and Bungaman Simarmata. Her brothers Jhonson Salomo Simanjuntak Raja Parlindungan Simanjuntak. Her sister Meika Duma Sari Simanjuntak and Oktavia Simanjuntak. Her nephew and niece Tiurmaida Siregar and Hans Christian Siregar. For their endless love, pray, inspiration, motivation, mental and everything that they have given to the writer. Her best friendsBatsyeba Silaen, Herbiana sipayung, Soly Novalya
Sinaga, Harnoi Asrin Lumbangaol, S.Pd, Samuel Niko Panjaitan, Fauzi Rizky Ananda, S.Pd, Putri Ilmi Rangkuti, and Bernando DES Pane for their support, pray, help and motivation and all friends in Reguler Dik.C’ 2010,as her great classfor the love and togetherness throughout four years, her friends in PPLT SMA Katholik 1 Kabanjahe, for many experiencies and togetherness and also other comrades that can’t be mentioned one by one.
The writer realizes that this thesis still not perfect, he conveniently welcomes anysuggestions, comments critics, and advices that will improve the quality of this thesis. She hopes that this thesis would be useful for those who are read and interested in the field of this study.
Medan, April 2015 The Writer
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LIST OF APENDIXES ... vii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION A. Theoretical Framework ... 1. Writing ... 6
2. Process of Writing ... 7
3. Genre ... 8
a. Report Text ... 10
b. Generic Structure of Report Text ... 11
c. Grammatical Pattern of Report Text ... 12
d. Example of Report Text ... 12
4. Mind Mapping ... 13
a. The Advantages of mind mapping Technique ... 13
b. The application of mind mapping Technique ... 14
B. Conceptual Framework ... 15
C. Hypothesis ... 16
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ... 18
A. Research Design ... 18
B. Population and Sample ... 19
1. Population ... 19
2. Sample ... 19
C. The Instrument of Collecting Data ... 20
D. The Procedure of Treatment ... 20
1. Pre-test ... 20
2. Treatment ... 20
3. Post-test ... 24
E. Assessment of Writing ... 24
F. The Validity and Reliability of the Test ... 28
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2. Reliability ... 28
3. The Technique of Analyzing Data ... 29
CHAPTER IV THE DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS ... 31
A. The Data ... 31
B. Data Analysis ... 35
C. Testing Reliability ... 37
D. Testing Hypothesis ... 39
E. Research Finding ... 40
F. Discussion ... 40
CHAPTER V ... 42
REFERENCES ... 43
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LIST OF TABLE
Table 3.1. Research Design………...………….. 15
Table 3.2. Treatment in Experimental Group………..…………... 18
Table 3.3. Conventional Teaching in Control Group………..………... 21
Table 3.4. Assessment of writing………..……….... 23
Table 4.1 The Description of Pre-test and Post-test of Exp- Group …... 29
Table 4.2 The Description of Pre-test and Post-test of Control Group… 31
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LIST OF APPENDIXES
Appendix 1. Description of Pre-test and Post-test of Experimental Group 41
Appendix 2. The Calculation of T-Test……….… 43
Appendix 3. The Reliability of T-Test………..……….. 49
Appendix 4. Percentage Points of the T Distribution………..…….. 51
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of Study
Language is a system of sound and words used by human to communicate. By having the language, people can express their feeling, ideas and their mind.
Moreover we do not need language to think but we do need language to have many kinds of a social group or social interaction. Without language, it will be
difficult to get information and to share the information. There are many languages all over the world. One of the languages is English. Being the foreign language in Indonesia, English has an important position on the rise of modern
technology, science, culture, and international communication. English was offered as a foreign language since many years ago. Since English has been taught
from basic level to upper level, it is expected that the students will be able to use it at least in a simple communication. In fact, although English has been applied over fifty years as one of the subjects in teaching and learning process, the students’ proficiency in English, especially writing, still creates disappointment.
According to Kral (1995:128) writing is basically process of communicating
something (content) on a paper to an audience. In the context of education, writing is very important since in most of exam, whether they are testing foreign language abilities or other skills. However, most of the students consider that writing is the
most difficult language skill from the other skills. The writer could see the problem when she had the research in Perguruan Prayatna Medan. The writer
2
minimal mastery criteria (KKM). The minimal mastery criteria is 70 meanwhile most of the students only got score under 60 or failed.
The biggest problem which causes them not being able to write is, they do not know what to write, and even some of them are able to write, but they feel
difficult to write because they do not usually write. The problems become bigger when they are assigned to write report text which contain about the real information to inform to the readers.
In order to overcome the problem, Kral (1995:128-132) states that there are many techniques that can be use to teach the students such as Clustering, Looping,
Classical Intention, Debating, lecturing, cubing and mind mapping. Among these techniques, the writer would like to propose Mind Mapping Technique as the way to improve students’ achievement in writing report text. This technique has
chosen because it motivates the students’ brain to think and also can be used as a reflective tool at any stage throughout the learning process. So, it will be easier for
the students to get the real information to make in the report text form.
There are many researchers had applied writing journal technique in
different field of their researchers. Jemmy Anta Ginting (2012) applied mind mapping technique to teach descriptive text in SMP NEGERI 1 Sei Bingai. And he found that the score of the students increase compare with the students score
before the mind mapping applied.
Dede Rafika applied mind mapping to teach students in SMA Negeri 1 Aek
3
research. The result of his research showed that the students were more interested
and enjoyable in learning writing by applying mind mapping technique.
In this research, the writer would like to focus the students’ interaction
substantive writing by using report text as the genre. The students’ writing
motivation will increase since getting the direction in writing. Besides that they also will get an experience of learning which is created by mind mapping technique itself. The writer believes that by applying this technique, the students
will be able to write well especially report text. Additionally this technique provides opportunities for all the students to express their ideas at least they know
how to think. beside
B. The problem of Study
Based on the background of the study, the problem of the study is formulated as the following “Does mind mapping Technique significantly affect
on the students’ achievement in writing report text?”
C. The Objective of the Study
The objective of this study is to find out the significant effect of mind mapping Technique on students’ achievement in writing report text in Perguruan
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D. The Scope of Study
There are many techniques in teaching writing, such as mind mapping
technique, semantic mapping technique, dictogloss technique, group investigation technique. And also there are many genres of writing, they are exposition,
narrative, descriptive, recount, argumentative, report, spoof, discussion and procedure. But in this research only focus on mind mapping technique which will be applied in report text. The researcher believes that it is an alternative and
suitable technique to engage thinking critically and to solve the problem of the students in writing report text.
E. The Significant of The Study
There are two benefits of this research, namely theoretical and practical
benefits. The expected result of the study both theoretically and practically are: Theoretically: 1.This research theoretically expected to be significant for
the students improving the theories about writing.
2. The result of this research can be used as the reference for
those who want to conduct a research in English teaching-learning process.
Practically: 1. This research will be useful for teacher of readers, in order
to help them in teaching learning process, to make students more interested in learning English.
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3. To help the student enrich their knowledge on the writing subject and encourage them to be active to do their
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusion
Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that teaching writing skill by applying Mind Mapping techniques significantly affects on the students’
achievement in writing report text. It can be seen from the data which had
obtained in the post-test of experimental group were: the total score was 2669 and the mean score was 72.13, while the data in control group were: the total score was 2491 and the mean score was 67.32. Thus, the students’ score in experimental
group was higher than the students’ score in control group. The calculation of the
data in the testing hypothesis showed that observed (3.510) was higher than
t-table (1.993), it means that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is acceptable.
B. Suggestions
In line with the conclusion of the study, some suggestions are offered to the English teachers that it is wiser to apply Mind Mapping techniques. Because it helps the teacher to be more creative in teaching writing report text. And also it is
suggested to the students to apply Mind Mapping Technique in order to improve their creativity in writing a text especially in writing report text. In addition, it is
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