THE EFFECT OF DICTOGLOSS TECHNIQUE ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING REPORT TEXT.

THE EFFECT OF DICTOGLOSS TECHNIQUE ON

STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING REPORT TEXT

A THESIS

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan

By:

CHRISTANTI SEPTRINNA PANJAITAN

Registration Number 2113121013

ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ART

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ABSTRACT

Panjaitan, Christanti Septrinna. 2113121013. The Effect of Dictogloss Technique on Students’ Achievement in Writing Report Text. A Thesis. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan. 2015

The objective of the study is to find out the effect of Dictogloss Technique on students’ achievement in writing report text at SMP Swasta Brigjend Katamso Medan. The study was conducted by using experimental research design. The population of this study was seven classes of the ninth grade students of SMP Swasta Brigjend Katamso Medan. The samples were taken by using clustering technique and two of seven classes were taken into samples, one class as experimental group and another class as control group. In the treatment, the experimental group was taught by using Dictogloss technique, the control group was taugh without using Dictogloss Technique. Writing report text test was used as the instrument of collecting the data. Therefore, after analyzing the data, it was found that the value of was 4.24 with the degree of freedom (df) = 70 at that level of significance (α=0.05) = 1.994. It means that was considerably higher than (4.24 > 1.994). The result of this study showed Dictogloss technique had a significant effect on students’ achievement in writing report text.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages

ABSTRACT ... i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... ii

TABLE OF CONTENTES ... iv

LIST OF TABLES ... vi

LIST OF APPENDICES ... vii

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ... 1

A. The Background of the Study ... 1

B. The Problem of the Study ... 4

C. The Objectives of the Study ... 4

D. The Scope of the Study ... 4

E. The Significance of the Study ... 5

CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW ... 6

A. Theoretical Framework ... 6

1. Students’ Achievement ... 6

2. Writing ... 7

g. Writing Assessment ... 17

3. Technique ... 19

4. Dictogloss Technique ... 21

a. The Nature of Dictogloss Technique ... 21

b. Procedures of Dictogloss Technique ... 22

B. Conceptual Framework ... 23

C. Hypothesis... 24

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 25

A. Research Design... 25

B. Population and Sample ... 26

1. Population ... 26

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C. The Instrument of Collecting Data ... 27

1. Observation ... 27

2. Test ... 27

D. The Procedure of Collecting Data... 28

1. Pre-Test ... 28

2. Treatment ... 29

3. Post-Test ... 30

E. The Validity and Realibity of the Test ... 31

1. The Validity of the Test ... 31

2. Realibility of the Test ... 31

F. Technique of Analyzing Data ... 32

CHAPTER IV. DATA, DATA ANALYSIS, AND FINDING ... 35

A. Data ... 35

B. The Data Analysis ... 36

1. Reliability of the Test ... 36

2. Data Analysis by Using t-Test Formula ... 38

C. Testing Hypothesis... 40

D. Research Finding ... 40

E. Discussion ... 41

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS ... 42

A. Conclusion ... 42

B. Suggestions ... 42

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Pages

APPENDIX A ... 45

APPENDIX B ... 46

APPENDIX C ... 47

APPENDIX D ... 50

APPENDIX E ... 57

APPENDIX F ... 62

APPENDIX G ... 63

APPENDIX H ... 81

1 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. The Background of the Study

Language is a system of communication in human being society. People

will share and express their ideas, thoughts, opinions, and feelings by using

language. Communication is an activity of expressing or sharing the thoughts,

ideas, feelings, and information of someone to other people. There are two ways

of communication, namely oral and written. When something is communicated or

conveyed in spoken language, it is called oral or speaking. Meanwhile, when

something is communicated or conveyed in written form, it is called writing.

Writing is a productive skill to express the ideas, feelings, opinions, and

experiences of someone into words in a meaningful form and to mentally interact

with the message.

English is an international language which is used by many people to

communicate in different country. In Indonesia, English is regarded as foreign

language and it has included into the curriculum of education. It is taught as a

compulsory subject to study from elementary school up to university.

Nowadays, the students are claimed not only to be able to speak but also to

write in English. But, writing is one of the difficult skills to be mastered by the

students. Heaton (1975:135) explains that writing skill is complex and difficult to

teach. It requires not only mastering on grammatical and rhetorical devices but

also of conceptual as the rule of writing such as degree of organization in the

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vocabularies and sentence structure to create a style which is appropriate to

subject matter. The students need to think what they will write down and they

should be able to use the correct sentence structure and grammar in order to make

the reader(s) understand well. Professional writers often say that, “hard writing is

easy reading.” In other words, writing is not easy. They should be able to write

effectively because they perform their writing skill throughout their life for

academic and occupational purposes.

He is correct to say that since the writer had the same experience when she

did her Teaching Practice (PPL) and did observation in SMP Brigjend Katamso

Medan. She found that there was still problem in learning writing. The students’

achievement in writing was still low. Most of the students had difficulty in

writing. They had no ideas what to write, did not know how to build sentences

which are grammatically correct, did not know the generic structure of each kind

of texts, and lack of vocabularies. The teacher said that many students get the

score below Minimal Completeness Criteria (Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal) of

English lesson for Junior High School. The score of writing test from the students

can be seen in table 1.1.

Table 1.1 The Ninth Grade (IX) Students’ Score of Writing Test

Class Score Students Percentage

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The Minimal Completeness Criteria (KKM) applied for the ninth grade (IX)

by school is 75. From the data above, it can be fulfilled that the students’ ability in

writing in that class is still low. It can be seen from the number of students where

30 of 72 students from two classes have score under the Minimal Completeness

Criteria.

The writer found that it was caused by inappropriate technique which was

used by the teacher. The teacher mostly taught the students only about the

theories, asked the students to memorize them without giving chance for the

students to practice their writing skill. It makes many students are bored to learn

English, especially to practice their writing skill. They can write various kinds of

text, one of them is report text.

Report text is one of the genres which should be mastered by the students

based on the curriculum. Report text is a genre which intends to classify and

describe the natural, cultural and technological phenomena in the world. By

learning this genre, the students will know how to write a good report text.

Based on the explanation above, it is considered that the students need

innovation in teaching-learning process to teach writing report text which should

be coverage by the teachers. The teachers can do innovation by applying the

interesting method or appropriate technique in teaching learning process. One of

the alternative techniques which can be used by the teachers is Dictogloss

technique. It can help the students to write their report text easily.

Dictogloss is an integrated skills technique for language learning where the

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words which are used as a base for reconstruction. The writer would like to apply

Dictogloss technique because it has some advantages. It integrates the four

language skills of listening, reading, speaking, and writing. It gives students

opportunities to talk about both content and language itself. It helps the students to

ease them to write their composition and gives them idea to write by using the key

words.

In this research, the writer will focus on the students’ achievement in

writing report text through Dictogloss technique. This research will be conducted

to investigate how Dictogloss technique affects the students’ achievement in

writing report text.

B. The Problem of the Study

Based on the background of the study, the research problem is formulated as

the following:

Does Dictogloss Technique affect the students’ achievement in writing report

text?

C. The Objectives of the Study

This study is aimed to find out the effectiveness of applying Dictogloss

Technique on students’ achievement in writing report text.

D. The Scope of the Study

The study is focused on the application of Dictogloss Technique in teaching

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E. The Significance of the Study

The findings of this study are expected to be useful for:

1. English teachers who may apply this technique as one of the alternative

technique in improving the quality of teaching learning process, especially

teaching writing report text.

2. Students who want to enlarge their knowledge and help themselves to

improve their writing skill by using Dictogloss Technique.

3. The other researchers who are interested in this study to get more

information about the application of Dictogloss Techinque on students’

42 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusion

Based on the calculation of the data, it can be concluded that Dictogloss

technique significantly affects the students’ achievement in writing report text.

It can be seen from the mean of control and experimental group in the

post-test score are 79,17 and 82,58. The number of the students for each group is 36. It

means that the mean score of experimental group is higher than those of control

group.

The result of calculation t-test shows that the score of t-observed (4.24) <

the score of t-table (1.994). It means that the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and

the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted.

B. Suggestion

Based on the result of the study above, the suggestions are given to the

following:

1. The English teachers are suggested to apply Dictogloss technique in

affecting students’ ability in writing report text by giving abundant exercises

to enable them to write meaningfully because Dictogloss technique

integrates the four language skills of listening, reading, speaking, and

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itself; and helps the students to ease them to write their composition and

gives them idea to write by using the key words.

2. The students are suggested to use Dictogloss technique because this

technique allows them to explore their mind to generate ideas which are

reflected to get meaningful ideas in order to improve their ability in writing.

3. Other researchers are also suggested to apply Dictogloss technique in order

to find out that this technique can be also applied to other language skills,

especially in listening skill, since the researcher find out that this technique

can be also applied to affect the listening skill, but she has not completed the

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