A SYSTEMIC FUNGTIONAL LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF METAFUNGTIONS IN TRANSCRIPT OF "THE FIRST PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE BETWEEN BARACK OBAMA AND JOHN MCCAIN".

A SYISTEIITIC FTJNGTIONAL

iINGUISTIC

ANALYSIS OF METAFTINGTIONS IN TRANSCRIPT OF 4TEE

r1i.9T

PRESIDENTIAL DEBA'IE BETWEEN

BAMCK

OBAMA AND

JOEN

ATh€sis

Subnnuedin Pa iol

Futfitre

to

th.

ReEn,erunt Jo. the Dasree o! SarjaB Sosta

BY:

WIDYAACUSTINA

0698s028

ENGLISIIDEPARTMENT.FACUUTY OFLETTORS

ANDAL{S

UNIVERSITY

ABSTRA(

Skripsi

ini

nedbals

sislenr

selaibgsi banM

yag tsd4al

d.l@

rrmkJip

debar kepresiddm sesi

pfiana dlam smtor

B*ck

Obda

d

Mccain.

Tuj@

poulisd

skripsi

iri

odllan

ulul

mengebnui

sin.fr

nelatu4si

,tJtrt

otut.

nkre^ohal,

dd

rrrdl)

)cng b.kefa

ddm

tlslnp

deb". rerebn

dd

F6;ekhui

oreai

r

a

wa

paa

dd:da'

p6iden

nemp.nganni

Ai.ljsis

debd kepEside"e

tdsblt

nensruald

l6ri .trr.,n

tu

.Niotul Linsuktics

yag

dikemulake olch

M

Hallidly

(1985) P.nulG nenp€rcleh data

ddi taskJip

debat keprcsiddd A.S (Seplember, 2008)

vds

b.sumber

ddi

intenei. Dara

diualhis

ddge

n.ne8uakm

nelo<tc perran

6.sn^l

Qefercntial

Lsti4

t€tltod), Teknik

ydg di8!trslq

sdoloi Gloik calai. Penulis

n€ngaplikditm

konteks

sitsi

sbaCrr

gmbdd

sir6i

dai

kc*luut&

dala

berdsrke

dD

subjevtopit

Fmbica]@

yeg

berbeda

dd

m€.nikb€E1kd

salisis

dsa mebnmgsi

ban&

utut

moge&nui bagaimM kdaheri$ik

konmiksi

dalu

debat te&bu1

Ddi

hesil malisis.

dilenukd

adoya hubugm

elaB

leks

dd

koiteks

sih6i

nelaiui mebnngsi banN

ydg

saliog

b€rtaih.

FMssi idedional

drlm

tastri!

debat

ini

neFlelcike

lopik ymg

dibicardle di dalmny!

L/i!4

fusi

rri

rnderuns Jiengeuhi oleh prcser

'rr?4,/

de

pMiqipan_pani'

fm

ye8

tellibat

di

daiamya

solmcle.

nnssi

tekstud

dalm

debal ini Dercnsksiko .;lJfua

(,od")

yug

didoninai

ole.h raPt.d/

d6 tdtu|

thane Scc@ keseluuhaq

lenuculm

ropical r/Eze beQetu dal@ DcnSellhui hp;h

yeg

dibicarake.

KonjDgsi

yus

donin i6cul

dale

textwl

thetu mencipelan teks nedjadi kohesif

ds

loheEn

de nduiuLLd

bohM P@ kddidat prcsido betuana

ndperkut

da nedp.na\6kd dguenl-Egucn

meFke Senorara itu, tungsi inlcA.sonal

neEflekitfl

r?,or

ydg

cendeMg

n€n6jut*d

inldaki mta

kandidar

ydg

saline

bming

dalm

hmympails

ide

d

opini kepada pendense. Cda

pd!

kddidat menF.nearuni peDdenslJ

t.

Bmkgrou.d of tte Slndy

Com@icalion

in

a politicrl

tcivny

epreserts drc

lolmdine

of the

nessses thal

hd

polilical

fetft

by politicims to other

laity. lnis

aciivity

ba

rhe chmcter of empirjc becauk il is onducled nmifeslly in

sial

life. Politi.al

comunicalon h

e

etron lo p€nMde people lo b€ in

ag!€m€ti

Th€tefoe, ths

ain

md

ploces

oi

_Folilical

onmui@tions

have

nuch

dosd

rclatjon Lo

!&guagc

hs

a very

ioponmt

rol€ in polilical

m!ld.

The prucess

ol

polirics is a practi@ of

colmui@tion

of how to

us

lmguoge etEciendy as

.

nes

of

comuication

shich rcachcs all of

scial

clss.

Le8use

is

to

ei .

6

Bmes

(2004) said

thlt

politics

is

m

activiry

lo

add

md

gcl the power

lhNby,

the

poliricim

have

to

Mld

lheir

ldluge

ibr

inponel

r@on

bsus

dybody who m6tes

l&guee

Nill hold rbe powr.

Politicis

need to

tnow hoR to build a Elationship wilh people.In 1&gu8e

ed

poMr', thele is a

CIIAPTER T

INTRODIJCTION

6€

siudy sboul

ldgMgc

in the 6eld of

Flitics.

The! ktow that

leguBe h

imporr{r apdiece

b

build solid@ty mong social clas which later il will side ro one _Daly iFajrcloush, 2003: 201).

Polirical coftnuication

@

be

Fliad

in the

lbm

ol a political spech

or polirical debare.

a

debate is

!

*a,

ro subnil

d

id€

logically in the

fod

of

l

involved in the debate. In this

6e.

presidertial debaE h an interesting topic nl

be dalyrcd in thh study

b*a6e

thh sludy will give loowledge fo. us to

i4sft

Tne

wii€r

is inle $1ed in chmsing thc

sou€

ofdala fiom

!

pesidenliol

debare beause lne debate

cm sire

h€t a knovledse about polilical policies the ability of good

comuicatioN.

This study desibes how Itie c&didates

of

pr€sided desdibe inen

ida

to the audi6es.

h

lhis

rsffh,

rhe

qilc!

chooscs

i\e

obFcr

of$e

study

ftod

$e US p€sid@lal debare in 2008.

fte

d.b.t. h

ained 1o

sile

desiprion

cldly

for

Afreri@

p€ople

ab.

$e cmdidales

ol

Amedcd Ie.der to sit

d

a pFsidenl of

Ahelie

of 2008 during their

t

nurc. ln

!

debare. of

colN

all odidaies

se

lhc leguagc panm

E

a

hes

to

s

then

spiElion

ad

nesge

lo

inflEne

l]re audiences or perple

e

lhdl

dty

e

ir

a€reen€nl

*ith

lbe

mdidalet

idea.

actually the.e de

fou

_{licsid€nlial} debates belwetr obana and

Mcclin

thal is cdied oui in 2008, bul for dis esedch, rbe

{iter

tdes o.ly onc dcbatc

tm*ripl

4

the souce of data. thai is rhe

trmcripl

of lhe firn pr€sidenid debare

d

Mississipi Unv€lsity. The 2008 prcaidcntial debaie in Uniled Slale vas cadied

oul on September 26, 2008 on the €mpus of the Univesity oa Mississippi Friday

night. The nodeEtor lor tn€ dcbate was

lin

LrbEr of lhe NessHour on PBs This debare involved lwo pcsidml cmdidales ol u.s.a.. th€y d€ Senalor John

Mccain

fion

the R€publi@ mninee of Aribna,

od

Senalor

Bmck

obffia

described by pEsident csdidale, shich il

@

b€ a mntribution in ihpNving the condirion ofa

@ulJ'

fton

the diificulti€s exite{. Besides. ftun llE dehle

'!e

tril{

cm know [ow the p€sidenl

c

didale

ws

a

ldguse

pst€m in expEssiig

rheir

id6

in ord€! to pesude lhe audienc$. The

lmruge

pullem L\at lsed by

rhe prcside.t tudidate

c

be

ealysd

throug! the conccpt of mctafuctioN includine ideational. interF€sonal,

ad

t€xtul.

sd

lelate ii lo cont€xi of siMiion enconpdsing t€xt of dialogue lnal

6

appes the dfrmnce *hen ine _adlitlcies express theii

dgmot.

This @ncept h one

ol&e

concelri in

lh€ry

of Systerdc

Fmcdon

l

Linguistics by Halliday. Ihe thory of SFL G the ooe

ttsry mtlyzi4

the elationsnip b€iweeo

ldi

dd

conter.t

of

situlion

thsugn the

l&8ugc

nDdion.

Th*iore.

tn€ wiler ues $is $eory

d

a

nces

lo analyk dr. dala.

Tlc

Systenic

lEctional

Lilguislic

(sfl)

iew

of

larguge to which

Halliday (1961, 1965. 1966,

l98l

dd

1985)

6d

_{Sivdr its} presenl shape

wd

origi.akd

tod

John Ruperr Fir1h. The SFL

is

deilned

as

a thcory aboul

ldg@ge

s

$cial

pocess

dd

m

malldcal

ndnodolos'

snich pemits rhe d€railed

&d

syslemric descriprion

ol

ldguage pairems"

(hsitr,

2004:20).

Funnei, systenic linguislics is a theory

of

leEllage cenred

o!

dt

notion

ol

lasuge

nmction. Syst€nic looks al how lmgue€ acls upon md is uonstued

by t[e socia] contexl in

]nich

i1 iuclioos. Finn h4 d€velop.! a model to elate

lmgugc

nrcdon

6d

contexl. Halliday s ide6 in SFL ee innue.cod patdy by

lhe work

of

th€ odropologisl. Brosnjlaw

Malinoski. I{is

biluenc€

cd

b€

nore

n@irytu] in

$e

onr€xl in

which

it

tunctidns. Sysrenic tunctional

lihslistic

$6ry

views ldguaee

6

a resouE p€ople

u*

lo

acconplish

deir

pu]loss by expGsins me&ing in

odterl.

ln the apecls of situolional conlcxl,

rh*

@

impli€d thFe

nain

iinctios

ol

l&gugc

$!t

is *h.1

wc callcd

mci.nuctioN, they

@:

idcational nnctio. (€xpres

{hat

_soins on in the tcrq, inlertEMn

l

nrction

G@ial

relaioffhip

h€M*n

patticip&rs).

ed

lertud tuncioh (how

lesuse

_{is beiis Bed).}

In rhe

ist

_liesidenrial debale of 2008. the dialosle of the cddidres hale

expEsed a wide veiely olatlrtudes using diile€ni linguislic clDices and nrakins

this _Dpe

of

disuF

higliy inlftstine

for

es@h,

csp.cially

winin

thc namework of Hallidly's Syslemic Fuclional Linsuistics.

liftuglt

dis appr@cb. dre wiier liy lo

s

hoN the ldeuAe is exploiled 6y _Dolilici&s lo sent a neseAe

lo othes so tnal ir

6

intuence the audioes. Theeby, in ihis rcsceh Ge wnler d*ided topic of $e sudy k ,,1 Srrenic Fnctional Ljhsuistics af MetaJurctio6

in

he

"hatrript

of the

Ftu

P/etitlentiol Deh'te hetueen Bontk Ohuna dnn

1.2

lderfrlt€rion

of rhc Pmbled

In

ordd ro onduci lbis

Beadl,

ihe

wits

idotin$

1ne p@blm by dealing silh rcsemh

qu6tio6

6

follows:

I wrDt dc rhe sysrens ol netductions in

tle trallqipl

of ihe

list

p€sidotiol d.bat€ betwcen

Botrk

Obma

ad

John Mcclin?

Ftm

th. data a.nlysis md disussions, the Miler

cu

@nclude d&t the

rysr

of

thft

metatunctioos (ideational, int€9enon

l,

md t€xtual) prcc€eding

h

comlnicaton of

the pEsideftial deba& rcilecred the sinudonal cont xr (field, _lenor,

Md

node)

lbal

6

genmte the

p€Duive

pltlem

beLwer

lanicipmls involved in the debate. The

peMivc

patim thal pEsent€d in tlE

debate

cd

be secn in how the cddidate

sns

conp.te to e&h olhcr to cxpEss

tb€n

id€

ed

La ro p€Euade 1he audidces. This par.em

el

ects $c way of the

cmdidates

iril*nce

thc andiences

wil!

a

hop€ that they

ctu

win exteNive suPDonN md advocates.

Slanding

fton

rhe Fsult

of eElysn

in l0

dal4 the

miler

lbdd

th.

cbmcteristics of three melannctioB pro*eding in ln€ debate

ld*ripl.

I he

fist

is

{r

syslm of idealioml fmdion

Fceedns

to Ffled the field of

dr

rcxt. This tunction h nost

iequody

influenced by thc

natnal

p@csses. By sulislic, 212

narenal

pcsFs

@

p@smt€d

ih

tne cmdidare pEsid.nls' speech. These proces€s indicares the lole

oflie

_{llesideni cedidates} exist@@ in the debole in

tem of nodinaing

6

tie n€xl

p6iden!

and il indiale lhe aclions rellectins the

mdidlt€s'

poiicies in ov€rconi.g the problens in the

@bty.

llrc cxislmcc

of

panicipots _{(mror. soal,}

cdis,

&d altibde) vhicb li€qNnny exisi in rhe d.batc

brilg us closer to

$n*

of shal is _soins

o.

in lhe d€bale. TheEby, the

naldd

Bibtiogrrphy

tsmes.

Meldie.

l2oc4). Bahasa dah

Pohik:

tyacana Polihk

dth

lleset@-ANralim

coNniu

r'or

In-coury

Indonesid Studdnts: Unire6ibs

MunmadiFn

nahns.

http://m.linkpdt6m/cbook-liesE.php?[l=hnb.//l^&.acicn,nudoch.edu.au&i/teld

topictmelbh

€

deq

cnirora

OE-O!g-

e009)

Unde^taniiry Proksiondt Englith thtotEll Systenic

F

dionol

Linsuitns: An

Aultsk

of the Metdfunctions

h

Corporate

Baikss

DifMe.

Retrieved

at Apnl 14.

2010

iom

hnp/Miid&r.rb

tiN6?pF/anicb255

V$h.prcion-onecb,tonpdt

Colleson, .,ohn. (1994).

,,glrt

Gttunt:

A _{functional Apptooch. A!d$li,^:}

Primdy Eneiish

T@brg Assiation.

.

m.

Tmiipt

of the First Prcsiaehtial Debale beNe.n Se"atus BoacL

ObM

6na John Mccai,. New York New York Timcs. l{clicvcd

Muy 21, 2010 ircm

hip://aniclcs.cm.cop,2008 09

26lmlilics/debale.missisi.pi.tmeript

I

mc€in-and-bdl

obma

n<

nF'd.r

rlnebare

@scriprl

.

PV:pOl

ll

(

i

Doga. Louhe

md

Sally

HmphEy.

_Q0O2), Getins

St

ted

th Functio@l

O/amr.

Syd.ey: Tdset Texls.

Lgsins.

Slffe.

12002,. ,a,

/atodL.

n

to

S\trchi.

tua,nrut

LaE

i,tic, 2r

cd

\Fs

Yor\

Coartrudm lnkruuonal Pdht shrnA Crcr p.

Falrlougn.

Notrd.

(2001). ra,Szagd ahd Power: Rel^i hah^u,Iek@tuan

au

ide,ioat.

Boy

Publishing.

Gebr,

Linda

d Perer Wis.ell. (t99s)- Mald"E Seky

afflfctiohal

crahw.

Ausimlia. G€rd Srabld.

Halliday. M.A

K.

(1994). An Innodun

tio

ta _functiotut

ctuhtu.

seoid

Edition. London: Amold.

Hallidly, M.A.K.

md

RuqaF

Hsm.

(1976).

Catuio"

;r

6,gi6l.

Lodon:

Halliday. M,A.K.

dd

Ruqaya

H6m.

(1985).

Lansws.,

Cotuext,

a,n Tei: