vi
UJI ANTIDIARE EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT BATANG SIKKAM (Bischofia javanica Blume) DENGAN METODE DEFEKASI
PADA TIKUS
ABSTRAK
Pemanfaatan kulit batang sikkam (Bischofia javanica Blume) sebagai obat masih belum banyak diketahui oleh masyarakat. Selama ini kulit batang sikkam digunakan sebagai pewarna alami untuk keranjang rotan dan bambu. Secara tradisional perasan kulit batang sikkam digunakan sebagai adstringen alami dan antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik simplisia, ekstrak etanol, golongan senyawa kimia dan efek antidiare ekstrak etanol kulit batang sikkam pada tikus yang diinduksi dengan oleum ricini.
Serbuk simplisia kulit batang sikkam dimaserasi dengan etanol 80% selama 5 hari, diserkai, diperas, dicuci ampasnya dengan cairan penyari secukupnya, dibiarkan selama 2 hari, disaring. Maserat yang diperoleh dipekatkan dengan rotary evaporator (±40oC) dan di freeze dryer (-40oC). Serbuk dan ekstrak etanol kulit batang sikkam dikarakterisasi, diskrining fitokimia dan uji aktivitas antidiare terhadap tikus yang diinduksi dengan oleum ricini 2 ml. Ekstrak etanol diberikan secara oral dengan dosis 75, 100, 125 dan 150 mg/kg bb, sebagai pembanding loperamid HCl 1 mg/kg bb. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap 30 menit selama 6 jam, meliputi: saat mulai terjadi diare, konsistensi feses, frekuensi diare dan lama terjadinya diare.
Hasil karakteristik serbuk simplisia kulit batang sikkam diperoleh kadar air 5,99%, kadar sari larut air 17,49%, kadar sari larut etanol 11,84%, kadar abu total 4,07% dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 6,06% sedangkan hasil pemeriksaan karakteristik ekstrak etanol kulit batang sikkam diperoleh kadar air 7,32%, kadar sari larut air 32,97%, kadar sari larut etanol 23,26%, kadar abu total 0,48%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,01%. Hasil skrining fitokimia serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak etanol diperoleh senyawa flavonoida, glikosida, tanin, steroida/triterpenoida. Uji efek antidiare ekstrak etanol kulit batang sikkam menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol dengan semua dosis memberikan efek antidiare, dosis 75 dan 100 mg/kg bb memiliki efek antidiare yang lebih kecil dibanding loperamid HCl 1 mg/kg bb. Dosis 125 mg/kg bb memberikan efek antidiare yang sama dengan loperamid HCl dosis 1 mg/kg bb dan dosis 150 mg/kg bb memberikan efek yang lebih kuat dibanding loperamid HCl 1 mg/kg bb.
Kata kunci: ekstrak etanol kulit batang sikkam, antidiare, defekasi, tikus
vii
STUDY ON ANTIDIARRHEAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF SIKKAM BARK (Bischofia javanica Blume) WITH DEFECATION
METHOD IN RATS
ABSTRACT
The utilization of sikkam bark (Bischofia javanica Blume) as the drug is still rarely known by the public. It has been used as a colouring agent for wicker baskets and nets. Traditionally, sikkam bark juice is used as a natural astringent and antibacterial agent. The aim of this study was to determine characteristics of simplex, its ethanol extracts, chemical substances and antidiarrheal effects of ethanol extract in rats induced by oleum ricini.
Powder simplex of sikkam bark was characterized and phytochemical screened, then it was macerated with ethanol 80% for 5 days, separated, sequeezed, the pulp was washed by enough solvent in 2 days, and filtered. The macerate was evaporated by using rotary evaporator (±40oC) and freezed dry (-40o
The results of characteristization of simplex powder of the sikkam bark water content 5.99%, content of water-soluble extract 17.49%, content of soluble ethanol extract 11.84%, content of ash total 4.07% and content of insoluble acid 6.06% while the result of the characteristization of the ethanol extracts were water content 7.32%, water-soluble extract 7.32%, soluble ethanol extract 23.26%, ash total 0.48% and insoluble acid 0.01%. The results of phytochemical screening obtained flavonoid compounds, glycosides, tannins, steroid/triterpenoida. All doses of the ethanol extract of sikkam bark showed antidiarrheal effect. Doses of 75 and 100 mg/kg bw has antidiarrheal effect is smaller compare with loperamid HCl 1 mg/kg bb. The dose 125 mg/kg bw gives the same effect with a dose of loperamid HCl and 150 mg/kg bw give a stronger effect compared with loperamid HCl 1 mg/kg bb.
Keywords: ethanol extract of sikkam bark, antidiarrheal, methods of defecation, Rats
C). Furthermore, the ethanol extract was characterized and phytochemicals screened. Antidiarrheal activity was tested using rats induced with 2 ml of oleum ricini by using defecation method. The ethanol extract was administed orally with dose of 75, 100, 125 and 150 mg/kg bw. Loperamid HCle HCl 1 mg/kg bw was used as positive control. Diarrhea occurred was observated every 30 minutes for 6 hours, includes: start happening diarrhea, stool consistency, frequency and duration of diarrhea occurrence.
