INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ARTICLES
A THESIS
By:
DANNA PRATIWI St. N: 121112133
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF HUMANITIES UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA
ANALYSIS OF THE TENSES AND ABSTRACT STRUCTURES OF INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ARTICLES
A THESIS
Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of Humanities Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya
By: Danna Pratiwi St. N: 121112133
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF HUMANITIES UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA
iii Declaration
This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university. And to the best of this candidate‘s
knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by other persons except where due reference is made in the text of thesis.
Surabaya, June 17th 2015
Writer,
Danna Pratiwi
I dedicated this Thesis to my dearest family,
Specially for parents
Mama & Papa
Do the best
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
First of all, I would like to express my huge gratitude towards Allah SWT, the one who gives me mercy and guidance as well as strength and pertinacity to help me accomplish my tasks in life, including finishing this thesis. This thesis will never be accomplished without the help of my thesis advisor, Viqi Ardaniah, M. A. Linguistics Thank you so much for your precious guidance, advices and motivation. With your endless critics, suggestion and motivation, I was able to finish my thesis. I would also like to express my gratitude towards all the lecturers who have shared their precious knowledge when I was studying in English Department, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Airlangga. Especially for my academic advisor, Arum Budiastuti, S.S., M.S.C thank you ma‘am, for your
guidance and helpful references these past years.
For my big family in English Department Students‘s Association (EDSA) in Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Airlangga, especially 2011, I really appreciate the good and the bad times we had shared together for past years. Thanks also to my friends Widya Rahayu, Debby Febrian.I, Della Anggar, Dhahayu Nabila.A, Shabrina Nurin.A, Riska along with my vacation's gengs Luki Ashrofy, Galang hari.P, Oky Urtya, Ikhlasul Amal, Reza Aphe and Hanggono Wibi. Thank you for the amazing vacations memory that I never had before, our friendship will be unforgettable story. Last but not least, I would thank my best friends, Lucy Meirawati, Satya Swesty.W, and Sony Adi.P. Thank you so much for our togetherness, your support, suggestion, and spirit during the hard times I had in my life until now I can finish my study. I have learned from your experience to have a better understanding about the meaning of real life.
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Thesis advisor‘s approval page ... v
Thesis examiner‘s approval page ... vi
Acknowledgement... vii
1.4 Significance of the Study ... 7
1.5 Scope and Limitation ... 8
1.6 Terms written down in the table ... 8
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW... 10
2.1 Related Theories... 10
2.1.1 Academic writing ... 10
2.1.2 Research Paper of journal ... 13
2.1.3 Sentence ... 15
2.1.4 Journal of pragmatics and Lingua journal ... 17
2.1.5 Flesch-Kincaid Grade level ... 18
2.2 Theoretical Framework ... 19
2.2.1 Abstract structure ... 19
2.2.1.1. Overview of the study ... 20
2.2.1.2. Aim of the study ... 21
2.2.1.3. Reason for the study ... 21
2.2.1.4. Methodology used in the study ... 21
2.2.1.5. Finding of the study ... 22
2.2.2.1. Simple Present tense ... 23
2.2.2.2. Simple past tense ... 24
2.2.2.3. Present perfect tense ... 25
2.3 Related studies ... 26
CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE STUDY ... 27
3.1 Research Approach ... 27
3.2 Source of data ... 28
3.3 Technique of data collection ... 29
3.4 Technique of Data Analysis ... 30
CHAPTER IV DISCUSSION AND FINDINGS ... 32
4.1 Types of tenses used in abstract of Journal of pragmatics and Lingua journal ... 32
4.1.1 Simple present tense ... 33
4.1.2 Simple past tense ... 36
4.1.3 Present perfect tense ... 38
4.2 Abstract structures of Journal of pragmatics and Lingua journal ... 40
4.2.1 (OR)... 41
4.3 Interpretation of findings... 56
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 62
5.1 Conclusion... 62
5.2 Suggestion ... 63
References ... 65
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LIST OF APPENDIXES
ABSTRACT
Pratiwi, Danna. Analysis of the tenses and abstract structures in the International Journal Artiles. A thesis submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Sarjana Degree of the English Department, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 2015.
The present study concerns of the tenses and abstract structure which are found in Journal of pragmatics and Lingua journal. A good abstract should have tight tenses and structures which are consist of the overview of the study (O), the aim of the study (A), the reason of the study (R), the methodology used in the study (M), and the finding of the study (F). Those are used to attract the reader read the whole articles. This study aims to know what tenses are mostly found in the abstract and what the abstract structures are used by the
article‘s writer in the International journal. The theory of Paltridge & Starfield (2007) and
Wallwork (2011) is used to identify the tenses and the abstract structure. Thirty abstracts were chosen as the data. Four of 30 articles have (OARMF) while other have variant cases abstract structures, such as (OR), (OA), (OAR), (ORMF), (OAM), (ORF), (OARM), (OARF), (OAF), (OAMF), (OMF). From those all cases should contain the overview of the study. In addition, the tense that is mostly used in the abstract generally
are simple present, simple past, and present perfect. This study found that the article‘s
writer tends to use simple present tense. There are found 336 from 386 occurrences of simple present tense.
