View of STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS IN WILLINGNESS TO COMMUNICATE IN EFL CLASSROOM

W. Andayani, A.B. Perangin-angin, R.D. Nasution, M. Debora, R. Hartati

STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS IN WILLINGNESS TO COMMUNICATE IN EFL CLASSROOM

Widya Andayani¹, Alemina Br. Perangin-angin², Rafika Dewi Nasution¹,

Marisi Debora¹, Rita Hartati¹

ͳ‹˜‡”•‹–ƒ•‡‰‡”‹‡†ƒ

ʹ‹˜‡”•‹–ƒ•—ƒ–‡”ƒ–ƒ”ƒ

ƒ‹Žǣ†‡•”‹ƒ”‹ƒ•—„ƒ›ƒ̷—•—Ǥƒ…Ǥ‹†



Abstract: Š‹•ƒ”–‹…Ž‡‡š’Ž‘”‡•Ž‡ƒ”‡”•̵’‡”…‡’–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡‹”•’‡ƒ‹‰ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ǡ

…‘–”‹„—–‹‘•–‘‘”ƒŽ…Žƒ••ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•‹–Š‡ …Žƒ••”‘‘ǡƒ†ƒ––‹–—†‡•–‘™ƒ”†

–Š‡•‡ ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• Š‘™ –Š‡•‡ ’‡”…‡’–‹‘• ƒ† ƒ––‹–—†‡• ‹ˆŽ—‡…‡†

Ž‡ƒ”‡”•̵”‡ƒ†‹‡••–‘…‘—‹…ƒ–‡‹–Š‡ʹǤŠ‡•–—†›—•‡†ƒ˜ƒ”‹‡–›‘ˆ†ƒ–ƒ

…‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘ ‹•–”—‡–•ǡ „—– –Š‡ ‘Ž‹‡ ‹–‡”˜‹‡™ ™ƒ• –Š‡ ’”‹ƒ”› •‘—”…‡ ‘ˆ

†ƒ–ƒǤŠ‹••–—†›‹…Ž—†‡†–™‡–›•–—†‡–•ˆ”‘–Š‡‰Ž‹•Š†‡’ƒ”–‡–ȋʹȌǤ

—”‹‰–Š‡‘Ž‹‡‹–‡”˜‹‡™ǡ•–—†‡–•™‡”‡ƒ•‡†–‘”‡ˆŽ‡…–‘–Š‡‹”‘’‹‹‘•‘ˆ

’”‘„Ž‡• ‡…‘—–‡”‡† ™Š‡ •–—†›‹‰ ƒ† •’‡ƒ‹‰ ‹ ƒ   …Žƒ••”‘‘Ǥ –

™ƒ•†‹•…‘˜‡”‡†–Šƒ–Žƒ…‘ˆ˜‘…ƒ„—Žƒ”›ȋ͵ͷΨȌˆŽ—‡…›ȋʹͷΨȌǡƒš‹‡–›ȋͳͷΨȌǡ

‰”ƒƒ”ȋͳͲΨȌǡ’”‘—…‹ƒ–‹‘ȋͳͲΨȌǡƒ†—•‡‘ˆ‰Ž‹•Š™‹–Š’‡‡”•ȋͷΨȌƒ”‡

–Š‡ ‡Ž‡‡–• –Šƒ– ƒ‡ ’—’‹Ž• ˆ‡‡Ž —‡ƒ•› ™Š‡ •’‡ƒ‹‰ ‹ ‰Ž‹•ŠǤ Š‡

ˆ‹†‹‰•‘ˆ–Š‹••–—†›•Š‘™–Šƒ–•–—†‡–•̵’‡”…‡’–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡•’‡ƒ‹‰ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•

ƒ† ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡Ž˜‡• ƒ• Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‘”‡‹‰ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ …Žƒ••”‘‘ ‹ˆŽ—‡…‡†

–Š‡‹” ”‡ƒ†‹‡•• –‘ …‘—‹…ƒ–‡ ‹ ƒ ˜ƒ”‹‡–› ‘ˆ ™ƒ›•Ǥ  ‰‡‡”ƒŽǡ ƒ• Ž‡ƒ”‡”•̵

•‡ŽˆǦ‡•–‡‡‰”‡™ǡ•‘†‹†–Š‡‹””‡ƒ†‹‡••–‘—•‡–Š‡ʹ‹…Žƒ••

Keywords: EFL classroom, students’ perceptions, speaking abilityǡ‹ŽŽ‹‰‡••

–‘…‘—‹…ƒ–‡Ǥ

INTRODUCTION

‡…‡– †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–• ‹ •‡…‘† Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ȋʹȌ –‡ƒ…Š‹‰ –Šƒ– –ƒ‡ ƒ

…‘—‹…ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š Šƒ˜‡ ‡’Šƒ•‹œ‡† –Š‡ ‡‡† ˆ‘” •–—†‡–• –‘

widyaandayani@unimed.ac.id

STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS IN WILLINGNESS TO COMMUNICATE IN EFL CLASSROOM

Widya Andayani¹, Alemina Br. Perangin-angin², Rafika Dewi Nasution¹,

Marisi Debora¹, Rita Hartati¹

ͳ‹˜‡”•‹–ƒ•‡‰‡”‹‡†ƒ

ʹ‹˜‡”•‹–ƒ•—ƒ–‡”ƒ–ƒ”ƒ

ƒ‹Žǣ†‡•”‹ƒ”‹ƒ•—„ƒ›ƒ̷—•—Ǥƒ…Ǥ‹†



Abstract: Š‹•ƒ”–‹…Ž‡‡š’Ž‘”‡•Ž‡ƒ”‡”•̵’‡”…‡’–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡‹”•’‡ƒ‹‰ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ǡ

…‘–”‹„—–‹‘•–‘‘”ƒŽ…Žƒ••ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•‹–Š‡ …Žƒ••”‘‘ǡƒ†ƒ––‹–—†‡•–‘™ƒ”†

–Š‡•‡ ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• Š‘™ –Š‡•‡ ’‡”…‡’–‹‘• ƒ† ƒ––‹–—†‡• ‹ˆŽ—‡…‡†

Ž‡ƒ”‡”•̵”‡ƒ†‹‡••–‘…‘—‹…ƒ–‡‹–Š‡ʹǤŠ‡•–—†›—•‡†ƒ˜ƒ”‹‡–›‘ˆ†ƒ–ƒ

…‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘ ‹•–”—‡–•ǡ „—– –Š‡ ‘Ž‹‡ ‹–‡”˜‹‡™ ™ƒ• –Š‡ ’”‹ƒ”› •‘—”…‡ ‘ˆ

†ƒ–ƒǤŠ‹••–—†›‹…Ž—†‡†–™‡–›•–—†‡–•ˆ”‘–Š‡‰Ž‹•Š†‡’ƒ”–‡–ȋʹȌǤ

—”‹‰–Š‡‘Ž‹‡‹–‡”˜‹‡™ǡ•–—†‡–•™‡”‡ƒ•‡†–‘”‡ˆŽ‡…–‘–Š‡‹”‘’‹‹‘•‘ˆ

’”‘„Ž‡• ‡…‘—–‡”‡† ™Š‡ •–—†›‹‰ ƒ† •’‡ƒ‹‰ ‹ ƒ   …Žƒ••”‘‘Ǥ –

™ƒ•†‹•…‘˜‡”‡†–Šƒ–Žƒ…‘ˆ˜‘…ƒ„—Žƒ”›ȋ͵ͷΨȌˆŽ—‡…›ȋʹͷΨȌǡƒš‹‡–›ȋͳͷΨȌǡ

‰”ƒƒ”ȋͳͲΨȌǡ’”‘—…‹ƒ–‹‘ȋͳͲΨȌǡƒ†—•‡‘ˆ‰Ž‹•Š™‹–Š’‡‡”•ȋͷΨȌƒ”‡

–Š‡ ‡Ž‡‡–• –Šƒ– ƒ‡ ’—’‹Ž• ˆ‡‡Ž —‡ƒ•› ™Š‡ •’‡ƒ‹‰ ‹ ‰Ž‹•ŠǤ Š‡

ˆ‹†‹‰•‘ˆ–Š‹••–—†›•Š‘™–Šƒ–•–—†‡–•̵’‡”…‡’–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡•’‡ƒ‹‰ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•

ƒ† ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡Ž˜‡• ƒ• Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‘”‡‹‰ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ …Žƒ••”‘‘ ‹ˆŽ—‡…‡†

–Š‡‹” ”‡ƒ†‹‡•• –‘ …‘—‹…ƒ–‡ ‹ ƒ ˜ƒ”‹‡–› ‘ˆ ™ƒ›•Ǥ  ‰‡‡”ƒŽǡ ƒ• Ž‡ƒ”‡”•̵

•‡ŽˆǦ‡•–‡‡‰”‡™ǡ•‘†‹†–Š‡‹””‡ƒ†‹‡••–‘—•‡–Š‡ʹ‹…Žƒ••

Keywords: EFL classroom, students’ perceptions, speaking abilityǡ‹ŽŽ‹‰‡••

–‘…‘—‹…ƒ–‡Ǥ

INTRODUCTION

‡…‡– †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–• ‹ •‡…‘† Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ȋʹȌ –‡ƒ…Š‹‰ –Šƒ– –ƒ‡ ƒ

…‘—‹…ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š Šƒ˜‡ ‡’Šƒ•‹œ‡† –Š‡ ‡‡† ˆ‘” •–—†‡–• –‘

†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡’”‘ˆ‹…‹‡…›‹–Š‡ʹ–Š”‘—‰Š„‘–Š‘”ƒŽƒ†™”‹––‡‡ƒ•ǤŠ‡•‡

‡–Š‘†• ‘ˆ –‡ƒ…Š‹‰ ƒ”‡ „ƒ…‡† „› –Š‡ ‘•– ’‘’—Žƒ” –Š‡‘”‹‡• ‘ˆ •‡…‘†

Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ƒ…“—‹•‹–‹‘ǡ™Š‹…ŠŠ‘Ž†–Šƒ–•–—†‡–•ƒ…“—‹”‡ʹ’”‘ˆ‹…‹‡…›–Š”‘—‰Š

”‡ƒŽǦ™‘”Ž†ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ™Šƒ––Š‡›̵˜‡Ž‡ƒ”‡†ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ‘‰ǡͳͻͻ͸Ǣ™ƒ‹ǡʹͲͲͲȌǤ

‹’‘”–ƒ–…‘…‡’–‹•‡…‘†Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡–‡ƒ…Š‹‰Šƒ•‡‡”‰‡†ƒ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–‘ˆ

–Š‡ ”‡…‡– ‡’Šƒ•‹• ‘ •–—†‡–•̵ ƒ…–‹˜‡ —•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ʹ ‹ –Š‡ …Žƒ••”‘‘ǣ

…‘—‹…ƒ–‹˜‡…‘’‡–‡…‡”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘™‹ŽŽ‹‰‡••–‘…‘—‹…ƒ–‡ȋȌǤ

–—†‡–• ™Š‘ ƒ”‡ ̶”‡ƒ†› –‘ ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‡ ‹ †‹•…‘—”•‡ ƒ– ƒ ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”

‘‡–™‹–Šƒ•’‡…‹ˆ‹…’‡”•‘‘”’‡”•‘•ǡ—•‹‰ƒʹǡ̶ƒ•–Š‡†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘’—–•

‹–ǡ ƒ”‡ …‘•‹†‡”‡† –‘ „‡ ̶™‹ŽŽ‹‰ –‘ …‘—‹…ƒ–‡̶ ȋƒ…–›”‡ ‡– ƒŽǤǡ ͳͻͻͺǡ ’Ǥ

ͷͶ͹ȌǤŠ‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘•’‡ƒ–Š‡–ƒ”‰‡–Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ˆŽ—‡–Ž›ƒ›‘–„‡‡‘—‰Šǡƒ•

’‘‹–‡†‘—–„›‘”›‡‹ȋʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ–—†‡–•‡‡†–‘Šƒ˜‡„‘–Š–Š‡ƒ’–‹–—†‡ƒ†

–Š‡ ‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘ –‘ —•‡ –Š‡ ʹ ˆ‘” ‡ƒ‹‰ˆ—Ž …‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‡ƒ”‡”•̵ 

ƒˆˆ‡…–• Š‘™ ‘ˆ–‡ –Š‡› ‡‰ƒ‰‡ ‹ ‡ƒ‹‰ˆ—Ž …‘˜‡”•ƒ–‹‘ ‹ –Š‡ –ƒ”‰‡–

Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ȋŽ‡̵‡–‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲ͵Ǣƒ•Š‹ƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲͲͶȌǤƒ…–›”‡‡–ƒŽǤȋͳͻͻͺȌ

’”‘’‘•‡ ‹ŽŽ‹‰‡•• –‘ …‘—‹…ƒ–‡ ȋȌ ‹ ʹ ƒ• ƒ …‘’”‡Š‡•‹˜‡

…‘…‡’–—ƒŽ ˆ”ƒ‡™‘” ˆ‘” †‡•…”‹„‹‰ǡ ‡š’Žƒ‹‹‰ǡ ƒ† ’”‡†‹…–‹‰ ʹ

…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒ•–Š‡…‡–”ƒŽ‰‘ƒŽ‘ˆŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡‹•–”—…–‹‘Ǥ

ƒ”Ž› ‘†‡Ž• ‘ˆ  ȋƒ…–›”‡ǡ ͳͻͻͶȌ Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‡† ’‡”…‡‹˜‡†

…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘…‘’‡–‡…‡ƒ†…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘ƒš‹‡–›ƒ•’”‡†‹…–‘”•‘ˆǤ

–™ƒ•‡š’‡…–‡†‹–Š‡‘†‡Ž–Šƒ–”‡†—…‡†ˆ‡ƒ”ƒ†‹’”‘˜‡†…‘ˆ‹†‡…‡™‘—Ž†

Ž‡ƒ† –‘ ‘”‡  ƒ†ǡ „› ‡š–‡•‹‘ǡ ‘”‡ ˆ”‡“—‡– ʹ …‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘Ǥ •

‡ƒ”Ž›ƒ•ͳͻͻͺǡƒ…–›”‡‡–ƒŽǤ’”‡•‡–‡†ƒ—Ž–‹ǦŽ‡˜‡Ž’›”ƒ‹†‘†‡Ž‘ˆǤ

Š‹• ‘†‡Ž †‹•‡–ƒ‰Ž‡• –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡…–• ‘ˆ ’‡”•‹•–‡– ȋ•—…Š ƒ• ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–› –”ƒ‹–•Ȍ

ƒ† –”ƒ•‹‡– ȋ•—…Š ƒ• ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽȌ ‡Ž‡‡–• ‘ …‘—‹…ƒ–‹˜‡ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”

ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ†‡•‹”‡–‘…‘—‹…ƒ–‡™‹–Šƒ•’‡…‹ˆ‹…’‡”•‘ȌǤ ”‘–Š‡…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘

Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ ‘ ͳ …‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘ ™‹ŽŽ‹‰‡••ǡ ™‡ Ž‡ƒ” –Šƒ– ˆƒ…–‘”• Ž‹‡ ƒ•

…‘—‹…ƒ–‘”•̵ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”‹–›™‹–Š‘‡ƒ‘–Š‡”ǡ–Š‡•‹œ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‰”‘—’ǡ–Š‡†‡‰”‡‡

‘ˆˆ‘”ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡‡˜‡–ǡƒ†–Š‡–‘’‹…ƒ–Šƒ†ƒŽŽ’Žƒ›ƒ”‘Ž‡Ǥ

‹‡–Š‡‡ƒ”Ž›•–—†‹‡•‘Ž‡ƒ”‡”•̵†‡•‹”‡–‘•–—†›ƒʹǡ–Š‡ƒŒ‘”‹–›‘ˆ

•–—†‹‡•‘Šƒ˜‡”‡Ž‹‡†‡–‹”‡Ž›‘“—ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ˆ‹†‹‰•ƒ††ƒ–ƒƒ…“—‹”‡†

ƒ– ƒ •‹‰Ž‡ –‹‡ ’‘‹– —•‹‰ ƒ •‹‰Ž‡ ‹•–”—‡–Ǥ ƒ…–›”‡ ‡– ƒŽǤ ȋʹͲͲ͵Ȍ

…‘†—…–‡†ƒƒ••‹˜‡…”‘••Ǧ•‡…–‹‘ƒŽ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘‘–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’„‡–™‡‡

ƒ‰‡ƒ†ǡ—•‹‰ƒ“—‡•–‹‘ƒ‹”‡™‹–Š‡‹‰Š–‡ƒ•—”‡•–‘ƒ••‡••’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–•̵

ǤŠ‹••—”˜‡›™ƒ•…‘’Ž‡–‡†„›‡ƒ…Š’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–Œ—•–‘…‡Ǥ

‡…‡–”‡•‡ƒ”…ŠŠƒ•ƒ––‡’–‡†–‘ˆ‹ŽŽ–Š‹•‘™Ž‡†‰‡‰ƒ’„›ƒƒ••‹‰

†ƒ–ƒ ˆ”‘ —‡”‘—• •‘—”…‡• ƒ† ƒ…”‘•• –‹‡ –‘ „‡––‡” …‘’”‡Š‡† –Š‡

‹ŽŽ‹‰‡•• –‘ ‘—‹…ƒ–‡Ǥ –—†‡– •—”˜‡›• ȋ•‡ŽˆǦ”‡’‘”–• ‘ –”ƒ‹–ǦŽ‡˜‡Ž

˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡•Ȍǡ‡‹‰Š–…Žƒ••”‘‘”‡…‘”†‹‰•ƒ†‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•ȋ‘˜‡”‘‡‘–ŠȌǡƒ†

W. Andayani, A.B. Perangin-angin, R.D. Nasution, M. Debora, R. Hartati

‡†Ǧ‘ˆǦ•–—†› ‘Ž‹‡ ‹–‡”˜‹‡™• ™‹–Š ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ •–—†‡–• ™‡”‡ ƒ‘‰ –Š‡

‡–Š‘†• —–‹Ž‹œ‡† „› ƒ‘ ƒ† Š‹Ž’ ‹ –Š‡‹” •–—†› ȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ —‡ –‘ –Š‡ Ž‹‹–‡†

•ƒ’Ž‡ •‹œ‡ ȋ α ͺȌǡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”• ™‡”‡ —ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ †”ƒ™ †‡ˆ‹‹–‹˜‡ ˆ‹†‹‰•

”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ –Š‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’• „‡–™‡‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”Ǧ”‡’‘”–‡† ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ ƒ†

•‹–—ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ˆƒ…–‘”• ƒ† ‘„•‡”˜‡† …Žƒ••”‘‘ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”Ǥ ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‘…—•

‰”‘—’•…‹–‡†‰”‘—’•‹œ‡ǡ•‡ŽˆǦƒ••—”ƒ…‡ǡƒ†ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”‹–›™‹–Š–Š‡‹–‡”Ž‘…—–‘”•

ƒ• –Š‡ ˆ‘—” ‘•– ‹ˆŽ—‡–‹ƒŽ ˆƒ…–‘”• ƒˆˆ‡…–‹‰ Ǥ Š‡•‡ ”‡•—Ž–• •—’’‘”–‡†

–Š‘•‡‘ˆƒ•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡ǡ‘”‡Ž‹‹–‡†•–—†›…‘†—…–‡†„›ƒ‰ȋʹͲͲͷȌǤ

ƒ‰ ƒŽ•‘ †‹•…‘˜‡”‡† ˆƒ•…‹ƒ–‹‰ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ •–—†‡–•̵

’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡• ‘ –‡ƒ™‘” ™‹–Š ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘”‡ƒ •’‡ƒ‡”•Ǥ ‹˜‡ –Šƒ–

…‘—‹…ƒ–‹˜‡ •–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡• ˆ‘” –‡ƒ…Š‹‰ ƒ •‡…‘† Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ •–”‡•• –Š‡ ‡‡† ‘ˆ

…‘ŽŽƒ„‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ ™‘” ‹ •ƒŽŽ ‰”‘—’•ǡ –Š‹• ‹• ƒ ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ› –‹‡Ž› ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

……‘”†‹‰–‘ƒ‰ǡ•–—†‡–•ƒ†‹––‡†–Š‡›™‡”‡”‡Ž—…–ƒ––‘—•‡–Š‡‹”•‡…‘†

Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ •‹ŽŽ• ‹ ‰”‘—’• ƒ†‡ —’ ‘ˆ ƒ–‹˜‡ •’‡ƒ‡”•Ǥ  ”‡•’‘•‡ –‘ –Š‹•

̵—ƒ–—”ƒŽ̵…‹”…—•–ƒ…‡ǡ‘‡’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–•ƒ‹†ǡ̶ˆ‡‡ŽŽ‹‡̵™‡ƒ”‹‰ƒƒ•̶

ȋ’ǤʹͺͶȌǤ

‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•—•‹‰ƒ•‘…‹‘…—Ž–—”ƒŽ–Š‡‘”‡–‹…ƒŽˆ”ƒ‡™‘”ƒŽ•‘’Žƒ…‡ƒ

‡’Šƒ•‹•‘•–—†‡–•̵†‹•’‘•‹–‹‘•–‘™ƒ”†’‡†ƒ‰‘‰‹…ƒŽ’”ƒ…–‹…‡•Ǥ‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ”‡

•‡‡ƒ•ƒ—–‘‘‘—•ƒ…–‘”•‹–Š‹•ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”ȋƒ–‘ŽˆƬŠ‘”‡ǡʹͲͲ͸Ȍ™Š‘

‹˜‡•– ‡ƒ‹‰ ƒ† •‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ…‡ ‹ –Š‡ ™‘”Ž† ƒ”‘—† –Š‡Ǥ Š‡ •–—†›‹‰

ƒ†—Ž– …Žƒ••”‘‘ •‡––‹‰•ǡ –Š‡ ‹†‡ƒ ‘ˆ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ƒ• ƒ…–‹˜‡ ƒ…–‘”• ‹ –Š‡‹” ‘™

Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ ‹• ˜‡”› ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–Ǥ –—†‡–• ™Š‘ ˆ‹– –Š‹• †‡•…”‹’–‹‘ –›’‹…ƒŽŽ› Šƒ˜‡ ƒ

™‹†‡˜ƒ”‹‡–›‘ˆŽ‡ƒ”‹‰ƒ‹•ǡ‡š’‡…–ƒ–‹‘•ǡƒ†ƒ’–‹–—†‡•Ǥ

…‘…Ž—•‹‘ǡ–Š‡”‡“—‹”‡‡––‘…‘ŽŽ‡…–†ƒ–ƒ–Šƒ–…ƒ’–—”‡–Š‡†›ƒ‹…

ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡…‘•–”—…–Šƒ•„‡‡Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‡†‹”‡…‡––Š‡‘”‡–‹…ƒŽ•–—†‹‡•

‘ˆ –Š‡ …‘•–”—…–Ǥ –—†‹‡• –Šƒ– Šƒ˜‡ –”‹‡† –‘ ƒ•™‡” –Š‹• “—‡•–‹‘ •‘ ˆƒ” Šƒ˜‡

‘•–Ž› „‡‡ …‘†—…–‡† ‘ ƒ •ƒŽŽ‡” •…ƒŽ‡ǡ ƒ† †‡•’‹–‡ …‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‰ †ƒ–ƒ ‘˜‡”

–‹‡ǡ –Š‡› Šƒ˜‡ „ƒ”‡Ž› –‘—…Š‡† ‘ –Š‡ “—‡•–‹‘ ‘ˆ ™Š‡–Š‡” ‘” ™Š‡–Š‡”

•–—†‡–•̵˜‹‡™•‡˜‘Ž˜‡†ƒ•–Š‡›Ž‡ƒ”‡†‘”‡Ǥƒ††‹–‹‘ǡƒŽ–Š‘—‰Šƒ––‹–—†‡•

Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡† ƒ• ƒ •‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ– …‘’‘‡– ‹ —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ •–—†‡–•̵

™‹ŽŽ‹‰‡•• –‘ ƒ…–‹˜‡Ž› ‡‰ƒ‰‡ –‘ –Š‡ ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ǡ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž› Ž‹––Ž‡ •–—†› Šƒ• „‡‡

…‘†—…–‡†‘Ž‡ƒ”‡”•̵ƒ––‹–—†‡•–‘™ƒ”†••—…Š–ƒ••‹–Š‡…Žƒ••”‘‘Ǥ

–™ƒ•–Š‡’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ–Š‹••–—†›–‘‹“—‹”‡‹–‘•–—†‡–•̵˜‹‡™•‘–Š‡‹”

‘™•’‡ƒ‹‰•‹ŽŽ•ƒ†…‘–”‹„—–‹‘•ǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•–Š‡‹”‘’‹‹‘•‘–Š‡˜ƒ”‹‘—•

ˆ‘”• ‘ˆ …Žƒ••”‘‘ •’‡ƒ‹‰ –Šƒ– ™‡”‡ —–‹Ž‹œ‡†Ǥ ˜‡” –Š‡ …‘—”•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡

•‡‡•–‡”ǡ ™‡ ‰ƒ˜‡ •–—†‡–• ƒ —„‡” ‘ˆ •‡ŽˆǦƒ••‡••‡– “—‡•–‹‘ƒ‹”‡• –‘

…‘ŽŽ‡…– †ƒ–ƒ ‘ –Š‡‹” ‹‹–‹ƒŽ ‹’”‡••‹‘• ƒ† ƒ› •—„•‡“—‡– •Š‹ˆ–• ‹ –Š‘•‡

‹’”‡••‹‘•Ǥ

‡†Ǧ‘ˆǦ•–—†› ‘Ž‹‡ ‹–‡”˜‹‡™• ™‹–Š ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ •–—†‡–• ™‡”‡ ƒ‘‰ –Š‡

‡–Š‘†• —–‹Ž‹œ‡† „› ƒ‘ ƒ† Š‹Ž’ ‹ –Š‡‹” •–—†› ȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ —‡ –‘ –Š‡ Ž‹‹–‡†

•ƒ’Ž‡ •‹œ‡ ȋ α ͺȌǡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”• ™‡”‡ —ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ †”ƒ™ †‡ˆ‹‹–‹˜‡ ˆ‹†‹‰•

”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ –Š‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’• „‡–™‡‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”Ǧ”‡’‘”–‡† ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ ƒ†

•‹–—ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ˆƒ…–‘”• ƒ† ‘„•‡”˜‡† …Žƒ••”‘‘ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”Ǥ ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‘…—•

‰”‘—’•…‹–‡†‰”‘—’•‹œ‡ǡ•‡ŽˆǦƒ••—”ƒ…‡ǡƒ†ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”‹–›™‹–Š–Š‡‹–‡”Ž‘…—–‘”•

ƒ• –Š‡ ˆ‘—” ‘•– ‹ˆŽ—‡–‹ƒŽ ˆƒ…–‘”• ƒˆˆ‡…–‹‰ Ǥ Š‡•‡ ”‡•—Ž–• •—’’‘”–‡†

–Š‘•‡‘ˆƒ•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡ǡ‘”‡Ž‹‹–‡†•–—†›…‘†—…–‡†„›ƒ‰ȋʹͲͲͷȌǤ

ƒ‰ ƒŽ•‘ †‹•…‘˜‡”‡† ˆƒ•…‹ƒ–‹‰ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ •–—†‡–•̵

’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡• ‘ –‡ƒ™‘” ™‹–Š ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘”‡ƒ •’‡ƒ‡”•Ǥ ‹˜‡ –Šƒ–

…‘—‹…ƒ–‹˜‡ •–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡• ˆ‘” –‡ƒ…Š‹‰ ƒ •‡…‘† Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ •–”‡•• –Š‡ ‡‡† ‘ˆ

…‘ŽŽƒ„‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ ™‘” ‹ •ƒŽŽ ‰”‘—’•ǡ –Š‹• ‹• ƒ ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ› –‹‡Ž› ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

……‘”†‹‰–‘ƒ‰ǡ•–—†‡–•ƒ†‹––‡†–Š‡›™‡”‡”‡Ž—…–ƒ––‘—•‡–Š‡‹”•‡…‘†

Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ •‹ŽŽ• ‹ ‰”‘—’• ƒ†‡ —’ ‘ˆ ƒ–‹˜‡ •’‡ƒ‡”•Ǥ  ”‡•’‘•‡ –‘ –Š‹•

̵—ƒ–—”ƒŽ̵…‹”…—•–ƒ…‡ǡ‘‡’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–•ƒ‹†ǡ̶ˆ‡‡ŽŽ‹‡̵™‡ƒ”‹‰ƒƒ•̶

ȋ’ǤʹͺͶȌǤ

‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•—•‹‰ƒ•‘…‹‘…—Ž–—”ƒŽ–Š‡‘”‡–‹…ƒŽˆ”ƒ‡™‘”ƒŽ•‘’Žƒ…‡ƒ

‡’Šƒ•‹•‘•–—†‡–•̵†‹•’‘•‹–‹‘•–‘™ƒ”†’‡†ƒ‰‘‰‹…ƒŽ’”ƒ…–‹…‡•Ǥ‡ƒ”‡”•ƒ”‡

•‡‡ƒ•ƒ—–‘‘‘—•ƒ…–‘”•‹–Š‹•ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”ȋƒ–‘ŽˆƬŠ‘”‡ǡʹͲͲ͸Ȍ™Š‘

‹˜‡•– ‡ƒ‹‰ ƒ† •‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ…‡ ‹ –Š‡ ™‘”Ž† ƒ”‘—† –Š‡Ǥ Š‡ •–—†›‹‰

ƒ†—Ž– …Žƒ••”‘‘ •‡––‹‰•ǡ –Š‡ ‹†‡ƒ ‘ˆ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• ƒ• ƒ…–‹˜‡ ƒ…–‘”• ‹ –Š‡‹” ‘™

Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ ‹• ˜‡”› ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–Ǥ –—†‡–• ™Š‘ ˆ‹– –Š‹• †‡•…”‹’–‹‘ –›’‹…ƒŽŽ› Šƒ˜‡ ƒ

™‹†‡˜ƒ”‹‡–›‘ˆŽ‡ƒ”‹‰ƒ‹•ǡ‡š’‡…–ƒ–‹‘•ǡƒ†ƒ’–‹–—†‡•Ǥ

…‘…Ž—•‹‘ǡ–Š‡”‡“—‹”‡‡––‘…‘ŽŽ‡…–†ƒ–ƒ–Šƒ–…ƒ’–—”‡–Š‡†›ƒ‹…

ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡…‘•–”—…–Šƒ•„‡‡Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‡†‹”‡…‡––Š‡‘”‡–‹…ƒŽ•–—†‹‡•

‘ˆ –Š‡ …‘•–”—…–Ǥ –—†‹‡• –Šƒ– Šƒ˜‡ –”‹‡† –‘ ƒ•™‡” –Š‹• “—‡•–‹‘ •‘ ˆƒ” Šƒ˜‡

‘•–Ž› „‡‡ …‘†—…–‡† ‘ ƒ •ƒŽŽ‡” •…ƒŽ‡ǡ ƒ† †‡•’‹–‡ …‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‰ †ƒ–ƒ ‘˜‡”

–‹‡ǡ –Š‡› Šƒ˜‡ „ƒ”‡Ž› –‘—…Š‡† ‘ –Š‡ “—‡•–‹‘ ‘ˆ ™Š‡–Š‡” ‘” ™Š‡–Š‡”

•–—†‡–•̵˜‹‡™•‡˜‘Ž˜‡†ƒ•–Š‡›Ž‡ƒ”‡†‘”‡Ǥƒ††‹–‹‘ǡƒŽ–Š‘—‰Šƒ––‹–—†‡•

Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡† ƒ• ƒ •‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ– …‘’‘‡– ‹ —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ •–—†‡–•̵

™‹ŽŽ‹‰‡•• –‘ ƒ…–‹˜‡Ž› ‡‰ƒ‰‡ –‘ –Š‡ ƒ…–‹˜‹–›ǡ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž› Ž‹––Ž‡ •–—†› Šƒ• „‡‡

…‘†—…–‡†‘Ž‡ƒ”‡”•̵ƒ––‹–—†‡•–‘™ƒ”†••—…Š–ƒ••‹–Š‡…Žƒ••”‘‘Ǥ

–™ƒ•–Š‡’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ–Š‹••–—†›–‘‹“—‹”‡‹–‘•–—†‡–•̵˜‹‡™•‘–Š‡‹”

‘™•’‡ƒ‹‰•‹ŽŽ•ƒ†…‘–”‹„—–‹‘•ǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•–Š‡‹”‘’‹‹‘•‘–Š‡˜ƒ”‹‘—•

ˆ‘”• ‘ˆ …Žƒ••”‘‘ •’‡ƒ‹‰ –Šƒ– ™‡”‡ —–‹Ž‹œ‡†Ǥ ˜‡” –Š‡ …‘—”•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡

•‡‡•–‡”ǡ ™‡ ‰ƒ˜‡ •–—†‡–• ƒ —„‡” ‘ˆ •‡ŽˆǦƒ••‡••‡– “—‡•–‹‘ƒ‹”‡• –‘

…‘ŽŽ‡…– †ƒ–ƒ ‘ –Š‡‹” ‹‹–‹ƒŽ ‹’”‡••‹‘• ƒ† ƒ› •—„•‡“—‡– •Š‹ˆ–• ‹ –Š‘•‡

‹’”‡••‹‘•Ǥ

Š‡ ƒˆ‘”‡‡–‹‘‡† „ƒ…‰”‘—† ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ Ž‡† –‘ –Š‡ •–—†›̵•

’”‹ƒ”› ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š “—‡•–‹‘•ǣ ȋƒȌ Šƒ– ™‡”‡ –Š‡ •–—†‡–•̵ ’‡”…‡’–‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡

†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž–‹‡• –Šƒ– ‹ˆŽ—‡…‡ –Š‡‹” •’‡ƒ‹‰ ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡•ǡ ƒ† †‹† –Š‡•‡ ’‡”…‡’–‹‘•

ƒŽ–‡” ‘˜‡” –‹‡ǫ ȋ„Ȍ Šƒ– ™‡”‡ –Š‡ •–—†‡–•̵ ‘’‹‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‹‘

†—”‹‰–Š‡•‡‡•–‡”ǫ



LITERATURE REVIEW

Willingness to Communicate

ˆ–‡” –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ȋͳȌ ™ƒ• ”‡Œ‡…–‡†ǡ —”‰‘‘ …”‡ƒ–‡†  –‘

ƒ••‡•• ʹ …‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘ •‹ŽŽ• ȋͳͻ͹͸ȌǤ Š‡ ‰‘ƒŽ ‘ˆ –Š‹• •–—†› ™ƒ• –‘

‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡ –Š‡ —†‡”Ž›‹‰ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–› …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…• ‘ˆ ˆ‹”•– Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ȋͳȌ

•’‡ƒ‡”• ™Š‘ ƒ”‡ ”‡Ž—…–ƒ– –‘ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‡ ‘” ‡‰ƒ‰‡ ‹ …‘˜‡”•ƒ–‹‘ ȋ—”‰‘‘ǡ

ͳͻ͹͸ȌǤ Š‡ ƒ—–Š‘” ‘ˆ –Š‡ •–—†› …Žƒ‹• –Šƒ– ‘‡̵• ’”‘…Ž‹˜‹–› ƒ† ƒ˜‡”•‹‘ –‘

—•‹‰™‘”†•‹…‘˜‡”•ƒ–‹‘…ƒ„‡ƒ–‹…‹’ƒ–‡†„›‘‡̵•’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ

–™ƒ•ˆ—”–Š‡”’”‘’‘•‡†„›…”‘•‡›ƒ†ƒ‡”ȋͳͻͺͷȌ–Šƒ–ƒŽƒ…‘ˆ

”‡ƒ†‹‡•• –‘ …‘—‹…ƒ–‡ ‹ –Š‡ ͳ ƒ› „‡ –ƒ‡ ƒ• ƒ ’‘•‹–‹˜‡ ‹†‹…ƒ–‘” ‘ˆ

‹–Š‡ʹǤŠ‡›…‘–‡†‡†–Šƒ–‹••‹‹Žƒ”–‘–”ƒ‹–•Ž‹‡‡š–”‘˜‡”•‹‘

ƒ†‹–”‘˜‡”•‹‘‹–Šƒ–‹–†‡•…”‹„‡•ƒ’‡”•‘̵•‹…Ž‹ƒ–‹‘–‘—•‡Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ƒ†

ƒ‡ ˆ‹”•– ‘˜‡• ‹ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹–‡”ƒ…–‹‘• ȋ…”‘•‡› Ƭ ƒ‡”ǡ ͳͻͺͷȌǤ Š‡ 

…ƒŽ‡ ™ƒ• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† „› …”‘•‡› ƒ† ƒ‡” ȋͳͻͺͷȌ ™‹–Š –Š‹• ‹†‡ƒ ‹ ‹†Ǥ

–‡• ‘ –Š‡ •…ƒŽ‡ ™‡”‡ †‹˜‹†‡† ‹–‘ ˆ‘—” …‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘ …‘–‡š–• ȋ’—„Ž‹…

•’‡ƒ‹‰ǡ ‡‡–‹‰•ǡ •ƒŽŽ ‰”‘—’•ǡ ƒ† †›ƒ†•Ȍ ƒ† –Š”‡‡ –›’‡• ‘ˆ ”‡…‡‹˜‡”•

ȋ•–”ƒ‰‡”•ǡƒ…“—ƒ‹–ƒ…‡•ǡƒ†ˆ”‹‡†•ȌǤ

Š‡› —†‡”Ž‹‡† –Šƒ–  ‹‰Š– „‡ ƒˆˆ‡…–‡† „› „‘–Š •‹–—ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ†

ƒˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡ ˆƒ…–‘”•ǡ ™Š‡”‡ƒ• ƒ…–›”‡ǡ Ž±‡–ǡ ‘”›‡‹ǡ ƒ† ‘‡Ž• ȋͳͻͻͺȌ

˜‹‡™‡†–Š‡…‘•–”—…–‘–‘Ž›ƒ•ƒ–”ƒ‹–Ǧ•’‡…‹ˆ‹…“—ƒŽ‹–›ǡ„—–ƒŽ•‘ƒ•ƒˆŽ—‹†

“—ƒŽ‹–›–Šƒ–…‘—Ž†˜ƒ”›„ƒ•‡†‘•–ƒ–‡“—ƒŽ‹–›ǤŠ‡›™‡–•‘ˆƒ”ƒ•–‘•—‰‰‡•–

–Šƒ–”ƒ‹•‹‰•Š‘—Ž†„‡–Š‡’”‹ƒ”›’—”’‘•‡‘ˆŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡‹•–”—…–‹‘ǡ‘–Š‡

‰”‘—†• –Šƒ– †‘‹‰ •‘ ™‘—Ž† ‹…”‡ƒ•‡ •–—†‡–•̵ ʹ …‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘ǡ Š‡…‡

‡Šƒ…‹‰–Š‡‹”ˆŽ—‡…›ƒ†…‘’”‡Š‡•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡Ǥƒ…–›”‡‡–ƒŽǤ

ȋͳͻͻͺȌ”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†–Šƒ–‹•‹ˆŽ—‡…‡†„›ƒ”ƒ‰‡‘ˆˆƒ…–‘”•ǡ•‘‡‘ˆ™Š‹…Š

ƒ”‡ —†‡” –Š‡ ‹•–”—…–‘”̵• …‘–”‘Žǡ •—…Š ƒ• …‘—‹…ƒ–‹˜‡ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ǡ •’‡‡…Š

’—”’‘•‡ǡ…‘–‡š–—ƒŽƒ–‡…‡†‡–•ǡ–Š‡ƒˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡Ǧ…‘‰‹–‹˜‡…‘–‡š–ǡƒ†–Š‡•‘…‹ƒŽ

ƒ†‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ…‘–‡š–•Ǥ•ŽŽ‹•ȋʹͲͳʹȌ•–ƒ–‡†ǡ–Š‡”‡‹•…—””‡–Ž›‘…‘…Ž—•‹˜‡

•–—†›Ž‹‹‰ƒ•–—†‡–̵•–‘‹’”‘˜‡†Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ȋ’Ǥ͵ʹͶȌǤŠ‹Ž‡‹–™ƒ•–”—‡

–Šƒ––Š‡”‡™ƒ•‘•‹‰Ž‡ˆƒ…–‘”–Šƒ–ƒˆˆ‡…–•Š‘™•—……‡••ˆ—ŽŽ›ƒ’‡”•‘Ž‡ƒ”•ƒ

•‡…‘†Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ǡ”‡•‡ƒ”…ŠŠƒ••Š‘™–Šƒ–‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘•Šƒ˜‡ƒ”‘Ž‡‹

ʹ Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ ‹ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ ȋŽŽ‹•ǡ ʹͲͳʹȌǡ •—‰‰‡•–‹‰ –Šƒ–  ƒ• ƒ ˆƒ…–‘” …ƒ

‹ˆŽ—‡…‡Ž‡ƒ”‹‰Ǥ

W. Andayani, A.B. Perangin-angin, R.D. Nasution, M. Debora, R. Hartati

ƒ…–›”‡ ȋʹͲͲ͹Ȍ Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‡† –Š‡ ‹–”‹…ƒ…› ‘ˆ –Š‡  …‘•–”—…– ƒ†

–Š‡ ‡…‡••‹–› –‘ ’”‘’‡”Ž› †‡•…”‹„‡ –Š‡ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡• ‡š’Ž‘”‡† ‹ ƒ ‘”‡ ”‡…‡–

‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘†‡ŽǤ š‹‡–› ƒ„‘—– …‘—‹…ƒ–‹‰ …ƒ „‡ …ƒ—•‡† „› ƒ

—„‡”‘ˆˆƒ…–‘”•ǡ‹…Ž—†‹‰–Š‡’‡”•‘‡š’‡”‹‡…‹‰‹–ȋ–Š‡ƒš‹‘—•’‡”•‘Ȍǡ

–Š‡ •‡––‹‰ ȋ•—…Š ƒ• ƒ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ Ž‡••‘Ȍǡ ‘” ƒ ‡š–‡”ƒŽ ‘……—””‡…‡Ǥ Š‹•

†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‹‘‹•…”‹–‹…ƒŽˆ‘”’—”’‘•‡•‘ˆ‘–Œ—•–’‡†ƒ‰‘‰‹…ƒŽ‹–‡”˜‡–‹‘„—–

ƒŽ•‘ ‡ƒ•—”‡‡– ƒ† —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ ‘ˆ Š‘™ –Š‡•‡ ˆƒ…–‘”• ƒˆˆ‡…– Ǥ

‹–—ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒš‹‡–›ƒ›„‡‘”‡•—•…‡’–‹„Ž‡–‘’‡†ƒ‰‘‰‹…ƒŽ‹–‡”˜‡–‹‘•‹…‡

‹––‡†•–‘„‡‘”‡–”ƒ•‹–‘”›Ǥƒ††‹–‹‘ǡƒ…–›”‡‡…‘—”ƒ‰‡†•…Š‘Žƒ”•–‘

‡’Ž‘›ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š‡•–Šƒ–…ƒ…ƒ’–—”‡–Š‡…‘•–”—…–̵•‹Š‡”‡–ˆŽ—‹†‹–›Ǥ

ƒ‰ȋʹͲͲͷȌˆ‘—†‹Š‹••–—†›–Šƒ–ƒ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–̵•™ƒ•‹ˆŽ—‡…‡†

„› –Š”‡‡ ˆƒ…–‘”•ǣ ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰ •ƒˆ‡ǡ ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰ ‡š…‹–‡†ǡ ƒ† ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰ ƒ……‘—–ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ ‘’‹…ǡ

‹–‡”Ž‘…—–‘”ǡƒ†…‘˜‡”•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ…‘–‡š–‡ƒ…Š…‘–”‹„—–‡†ˆ—”–Š‡”‹ˆŽ—‡…‡•–‘

–Š‡•‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡•ǤŠ‡†‡‰”‡‡‘ˆˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”‹–›‘‡Šƒ•™‹–Š‘‡̵•‹–‡”Ž‘…—–‘”•ǡ–Š‡

—„‡” ‘ˆ ’‡‘’Ž‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‰”‘—’ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ Ž‡˜‡Ž ‘ˆ ’”‘ˆ‹…‹‡…› ‹ –Š‡ –ƒ”‰‡–

Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ƒŽŽ…‘–”‹„—–‡–‘‘‡̵••‡•‡‘ˆ•‡…—”‹–›ǡ™Š‹…Šƒ›„‡ƒƒŽ‘‰‘—•–‘

–Š‡ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰‘ˆƒš‹‡–›‘‡Šƒ•ǤŠ‡›ƒŽŽˆ‡Ž–Ž‡••…‘ˆ‹†‡–ƒ†Ž‡••‹…Ž‹‡†–‘

•’‡ƒ —’ ™Š‡ –Š‡› –Š‘—‰Š– ‘–Š‡”• ‹ –Š‡ ‰”‘—’ •’‘‡ –Š‡ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ „‡––‡”

–Šƒ–Š‡›†‹†ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‹–™ƒ•†‡–‡”‹‡†–Šƒ–ƒ•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–†‡–‡”‹ƒ–‹

‹•ƒŽ‡ƒ”‡”̵•’‡”…‡‹˜‡†Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆʹ…‘’‡–‡…›‹’”‘’‘”–‹‘–‘–Š‡‹”‘™Ǥ

ƒ…–‘”• Ž‹‡ ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”‹–› ™‹–Š ƒ† ‹–‡”‡•– ‹ –Š‡ –‘’‹… ƒŽ•‘ Šƒ† ƒ ”‘Ž‡ ‹ Š‘™

…‘ˆ‹†‡– ‘‡ ˆ‡Ž–Ǥ ‡ƒ”‡”•̵  ‹’”‘˜‡† ƒ• –Š‡‹” …‘ˆ‘”– ™‹–Š ƒ†

‡–Š—•‹ƒ•ˆ‘”–Š‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‰”‡™ǡƒ•‹†‹…ƒ–‡†„›–Š‡‹”Š‹‰Š‡”Ž‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ„‘–ŠǤ

„ƒ•‹…‘†‡Ž‘ˆ•‹–—ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹ʹ™ƒ•’”‘’‘•‡†ƒ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–‘ˆ–Š‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…Šǡ

Š‘™‡˜‡”‹–‹•‘–†›ƒ‹…‹ƒ›™ƒ›Ǥ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ™Š‡–Š‡”‘”™Š‡–Š‡”•–—†‡–•̵

’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡•‘–Š‡•‡…‘–‡š–—ƒŽˆƒ…–‘”••Š‹ˆ–‡†ƒ•–Š‡•‡‡•–‡”’”‘‰”‡••‡†‹•

—…Ž‡ƒ”Ǥ

Speaking in EFL Classroom

’‡ƒ‹‰‰Ž‹•Š‹ƒ …Žƒ••”‘‘‹•†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž–„‡…ƒ—•‡•–—†‡–•—•–

–ƒŽ™‹–Š…‘ˆ‹†‡…‡‹ƒˆ‘”‡‹‰Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡Ǥ Ž—‡…›‹ƒˆ‘”‡‹‰Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡…ƒ„‡

†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡† „› ƒ ’‡”•‘̵• ƒ„‹Ž‹–› –‘ •’‡ƒ ‹– ˆŽ—‡–Ž›Ǥ –—†‡–• ˆ”‡“—‡–Ž›

‡š’‡”‹‡…‡‡”˜‡•ǡŽƒ…‘ˆ…‘ˆ‹†‡…‡ǡƒ†™‘””›ǤŠ‹•…‘†‹–‹‘‹•‘™ƒ•

ˆ‘”‡‹‰ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ƒš‹‡–›Ǥ ……‘”†‹‰ –‘ ƒ”†‡” Ƭ ƒ…–›”‡ ȋͳͻͻ͵ǣʹȌǡ

Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ƒš‹‡–› ‹• –Š‡ ˆ‡ƒ” ‘” –”‡’‹†ƒ–‹‘ –Šƒ– ƒ •–—†‡– ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡• ™Š‡

‡š’‡…–‡† –‘ ’‡”ˆ‘” ‹ ƒ •‡…‘† ‘” ˆ‘”‡‹‰ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡Ǥ š‹‡–› ‹• ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡

‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡‡‘–‹‘•–Šƒ–…ƒ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŽ›†‡–”ƒ…–ˆ”‘•–—†‡–•̵‰Ž‹•ŠǦŽ‡ƒ”‹‰

‡ˆˆ‘”–•Ǥ ……‘”†‹‰ –‘ ƒ”Ž•‘ ƒ† —•‹•– ȋͳͻͻ͹ǣͶȌ ‹ —•–Šƒ…Š‹ ȋʹͲͳͶǣͶȌǡ

ƒš‹‡–› ‹• ƒ ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰ ‘ˆ ™‘””› ‘” †”‡ƒ† –Šƒ– ‹• ƒ……‘’ƒ‹‡† „› …‡”–ƒ‹

ƒ…–›”‡ ȋʹͲͲ͹Ȍ Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‡† –Š‡ ‹–”‹…ƒ…› ‘ˆ –Š‡  …‘•–”—…– ƒ†

–Š‡ ‡…‡••‹–› –‘ ’”‘’‡”Ž› †‡•…”‹„‡ –Š‡ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡• ‡š’Ž‘”‡† ‹ ƒ ‘”‡ ”‡…‡–

‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘†‡ŽǤ š‹‡–› ƒ„‘—– …‘—‹…ƒ–‹‰ …ƒ „‡ …ƒ—•‡† „› ƒ

—„‡”‘ˆˆƒ…–‘”•ǡ‹…Ž—†‹‰–Š‡’‡”•‘‡š’‡”‹‡…‹‰‹–ȋ–Š‡ƒš‹‘—•’‡”•‘Ȍǡ

–Š‡ •‡––‹‰ ȋ•—…Š ƒ• ƒ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ Ž‡••‘Ȍǡ ‘” ƒ ‡š–‡”ƒŽ ‘……—””‡…‡Ǥ Š‹•

†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‹‘‹•…”‹–‹…ƒŽˆ‘”’—”’‘•‡•‘ˆ‘–Œ—•–’‡†ƒ‰‘‰‹…ƒŽ‹–‡”˜‡–‹‘„—–

ƒŽ•‘ ‡ƒ•—”‡‡– ƒ† —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ ‘ˆ Š‘™ –Š‡•‡ ˆƒ…–‘”• ƒˆˆ‡…– Ǥ

‹–—ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒš‹‡–›ƒ›„‡‘”‡•—•…‡’–‹„Ž‡–‘’‡†ƒ‰‘‰‹…ƒŽ‹–‡”˜‡–‹‘•‹…‡

‹––‡†•–‘„‡‘”‡–”ƒ•‹–‘”›Ǥƒ††‹–‹‘ǡƒ…–›”‡‡…‘—”ƒ‰‡†•…Š‘Žƒ”•–‘

‡’Ž‘›ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š‡•–Šƒ–…ƒ…ƒ’–—”‡–Š‡…‘•–”—…–̵•‹Š‡”‡–ˆŽ—‹†‹–›Ǥ

ƒ‰ȋʹͲͲͷȌˆ‘—†‹Š‹••–—†›–Šƒ–ƒ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–̵•™ƒ•‹ˆŽ—‡…‡†

„› –Š”‡‡ ˆƒ…–‘”•ǣ ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰ •ƒˆ‡ǡ ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰ ‡š…‹–‡†ǡ ƒ† ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰ ƒ……‘—–ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ ‘’‹…ǡ

‹–‡”Ž‘…—–‘”ǡƒ†…‘˜‡”•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ…‘–‡š–‡ƒ…Š…‘–”‹„—–‡†ˆ—”–Š‡”‹ˆŽ—‡…‡•–‘

–Š‡•‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡•ǤŠ‡†‡‰”‡‡‘ˆˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”‹–›‘‡Šƒ•™‹–Š‘‡̵•‹–‡”Ž‘…—–‘”•ǡ–Š‡

—„‡” ‘ˆ ’‡‘’Ž‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‰”‘—’ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ Ž‡˜‡Ž ‘ˆ ’”‘ˆ‹…‹‡…› ‹ –Š‡ –ƒ”‰‡–

Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ƒŽŽ…‘–”‹„—–‡–‘‘‡̵••‡•‡‘ˆ•‡…—”‹–›ǡ™Š‹…Šƒ›„‡ƒƒŽ‘‰‘—•–‘

–Š‡ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰‘ˆƒš‹‡–›‘‡Šƒ•ǤŠ‡›ƒŽŽˆ‡Ž–Ž‡••…‘ˆ‹†‡–ƒ†Ž‡••‹…Ž‹‡†–‘

•’‡ƒ —’ ™Š‡ –Š‡› –Š‘—‰Š– ‘–Š‡”• ‹ –Š‡ ‰”‘—’ •’‘‡ –Š‡ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ „‡––‡”

–Šƒ–Š‡›†‹†ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‹–™ƒ•†‡–‡”‹‡†–Šƒ–ƒ•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–†‡–‡”‹ƒ–‹

‹•ƒŽ‡ƒ”‡”̵•’‡”…‡‹˜‡†Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆʹ…‘’‡–‡…›‹’”‘’‘”–‹‘–‘–Š‡‹”‘™Ǥ

ƒ…–‘”• Ž‹‡ ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”‹–› ™‹–Š ƒ† ‹–‡”‡•– ‹ –Š‡ –‘’‹… ƒŽ•‘ Šƒ† ƒ ”‘Ž‡ ‹ Š‘™

…‘ˆ‹†‡– ‘‡ ˆ‡Ž–Ǥ ‡ƒ”‡”•̵  ‹’”‘˜‡† ƒ• –Š‡‹” …‘ˆ‘”– ™‹–Š ƒ†

‡–Š—•‹ƒ•ˆ‘”–Š‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‰”‡™ǡƒ•‹†‹…ƒ–‡†„›–Š‡‹”Š‹‰Š‡”Ž‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ„‘–ŠǤ

„ƒ•‹…‘†‡Ž‘ˆ•‹–—ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹ʹ™ƒ•’”‘’‘•‡†ƒ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–‘ˆ–Š‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…Šǡ

Š‘™‡˜‡”‹–‹•‘–†›ƒ‹…‹ƒ›™ƒ›Ǥ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ™Š‡–Š‡”‘”™Š‡–Š‡”•–—†‡–•̵

’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡•‘–Š‡•‡…‘–‡š–—ƒŽˆƒ…–‘”••Š‹ˆ–‡†ƒ•–Š‡•‡‡•–‡”’”‘‰”‡••‡†‹•

—…Ž‡ƒ”Ǥ

Speaking in EFL Classroom

’‡ƒ‹‰‰Ž‹•Š‹ƒ …Žƒ••”‘‘‹•†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž–„‡…ƒ—•‡•–—†‡–•—•–

–ƒŽ™‹–Š…‘ˆ‹†‡…‡‹ƒˆ‘”‡‹‰Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡Ǥ Ž—‡…›‹ƒˆ‘”‡‹‰Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡…ƒ„‡

†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡† „› ƒ ’‡”•‘̵• ƒ„‹Ž‹–› –‘ •’‡ƒ ‹– ˆŽ—‡–Ž›Ǥ –—†‡–• ˆ”‡“—‡–Ž›

‡š’‡”‹‡…‡‡”˜‡•ǡŽƒ…‘ˆ…‘ˆ‹†‡…‡ǡƒ†™‘””›ǤŠ‹•…‘†‹–‹‘‹•‘™ƒ•

ˆ‘”‡‹‰ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ƒš‹‡–›Ǥ ……‘”†‹‰ –‘ ƒ”†‡” Ƭ ƒ…–›”‡ ȋͳͻͻ͵ǣʹȌǡ

Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ƒš‹‡–› ‹• –Š‡ ˆ‡ƒ” ‘” –”‡’‹†ƒ–‹‘ –Šƒ– ƒ •–—†‡– ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡• ™Š‡

‡š’‡…–‡† –‘ ’‡”ˆ‘” ‹ ƒ •‡…‘† ‘” ˆ‘”‡‹‰ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡Ǥ š‹‡–› ‹• ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡

‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡‡‘–‹‘•–Šƒ–…ƒ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŽ›†‡–”ƒ…–ˆ”‘•–—†‡–•̵‰Ž‹•ŠǦŽ‡ƒ”‹‰

‡ˆˆ‘”–•Ǥ ……‘”†‹‰ –‘ ƒ”Ž•‘ ƒ† —•‹•– ȋͳͻͻ͹ǣͶȌ ‹ —•–Šƒ…Š‹ ȋʹͲͳͶǣͶȌǡ

ƒš‹‡–› ‹• ƒ ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰ ‘ˆ ™‘””› ‘” †”‡ƒ† –Šƒ– ‹• ƒ……‘’ƒ‹‡† „› …‡”–ƒ‹

’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ ”‡ƒ…–‹‘•ǡ •—…Š ƒ• ƒ ”ƒ’‹† Š‡ƒ”– ”ƒ–‡ǡ ’‡”•’‹”‹‰ ’ƒŽ•ǡ ƒ† ƒ

–‹‰Š–‡‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ —•…Ž‡• –Šƒ– …ƒ‘– ‰”‘™ –Š‡‹” •–”‡‰–ŠǤ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ –Š‡

•–—†‡–•™‹ŽŽ‘–„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ƒš‹‹œ‡–Š‡‹”’‘–‡–‹ƒŽǤ

Š‡‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘•’‡ƒ—’ƒ††‹•’Žƒ›‘™Ž‡†‰‡†—‡–‘ˆ‡ƒ”‘ˆ’—„Ž‹…

•’‡ƒ‹‰ …ƒ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ †‡˜ƒ•–ƒ–‹‰ ‡ˆˆ‡…– ‘ ƒ •–—†‡–̵• •‡ŽˆǦ‡•–‡‡Ǥ –—†‡–•̵

‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–› –‘ ˆ—ŽŽ› ‰”ƒ•’ –Š‡ –‡ƒ…Š‡”̵• ‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘ …ƒ „‡ ƒ––”‹„—–‡† ‹ ’ƒ”– –‘

–Š‡‹”ƒ’’”‡Š‡•‹‘‘ˆ’—„Ž‹…•’‡ƒ‹‰ƒ†’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ–‹•Ž‹‡†–‘ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰•

‘ˆ—‡ƒ•‡ǡ•‡ŽˆǦ†‘—„–ǡƒ’’”‡Š‡•‹‘ǡƒ†™‘””›ǡƒ•‘–‡†„›”‘™ȋͳͻͻͶȌ‹

ƒ—Ž‹†‹›ƒŠ ȋʹͲͳͶǣʹʹȌǤ –—†‡–• ‘ˆ ƒ ˆ‘”‡‹‰ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ƒ”‡ ‘– Ž‹‡Ž› –‘ ƒ‡

•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ– ’”‘‰”‡•• ‹ –Š‡‹” •–—†‹‡• ‹ˆ –Š‡› ƒŽŽ‘™ –Š‡•‡Ž˜‡• –‘ „‡…‘‡

‘˜‡”™Š‡Ž‡† „› ƒš‹‡–›Ǥ š‹‡–›ǡ ƒ• ‘–‡† „› šˆ‘”† ȋͳͻͻͻǣ͸͸Ȍ ƒ†

ƒ—Ž‹†‹›ƒŠ ȋʹͲͳͶǣʹͶȌǡ Šƒ• ƒ †‡Ž‡–‡”‹‘—• ‡ˆˆ‡…– ‘ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• „‘–Š

‹†‹”‡…–Ž›ǡ –Š”‘—‰Š ˆ‡ƒ” ƒ† –”‡’‹†ƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒ† †‹”‡…–Ž›ǡ –Š”‘—‰Š ”‡†—…‡†

‡‰ƒ‰‡‡– ™‹–Šǡ ƒ† ‘—–”‹‰Š– ”‡Œ‡…–‹‘ ‘ˆǡ –Š‡ –ƒ”‰‡– Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡Ǥ ”‘Ž† ƒ†

”‘™ ȋͳͻͻͻȌ ‹ ƒ—Ž‹†‹›ƒŠ ȋʹͲͳͶǣʹͶȌ ƒ†‡ ƒ •‹‹Žƒ” ’‘‹–ǡ ƒ”‰—‹‰ –Šƒ–

•–—†‡–•̵‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡‡‘–‹‘•ƒ†Ž‘™’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‡ˆ‘”ƒ˜‹…‹‘—•…‹”…Ž‡‹–Š‡

…Žƒ••”‘‘ ™Š‡ ˆ‡ƒ” ƒ”‹•‡•Ǥ  ƒ •‹‹Žƒ” ˜‡‹ǡ ‘†‘ ƒ† ‘‰ ȋʹͲͲͶȌ ‹

ƒ—Ž‹†‹›ƒŠ ȋʹͲͳͶǣʹͶȌ ™ƒ”‡† –Šƒ– ™‘””› ƒ„‘—– •’‡ƒ‹‰ ƒ ˆ‘”‡‹‰ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡

…‘—Ž†‹’ƒ‹”•–—†‡–•̵’”‘‰”‡••‹Ž‡ƒ”‹‰–Š‡Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡Ǥƒ††‹–‹‘ǡƒ•ƒ”‰—‡†

„›”‡‰‡”•‡ȋʹͲͲͷȌ‹ƒ—Ž‹†‹›ƒŠȋʹͲͳͶǣʹͶȌǡƒš‹‘—••–—†‡–•Šƒ˜‡–”‘—„Ž‡

’”‘˜‹†‹‰•—‹–ƒ„Ž‡”‡•’‘•‡•–‘–Š‡‹”‘™‹•–ƒ‡•Ǥ

Š‡ ‡†—…ƒ–‘” •Š‘—Ž† Šƒ˜‡ –‡…Š‹“—‡• –‘ …ƒŽ –Š‡ ƒš‹‡–› ‘ˆ –Š‡

•–—†‡–•Ǥ……‘”†‹‰–‘”‡•Š‡ȋʹͲͲ͵Ȍ‹—Žƒ•–”‹Ƭƒ–ƒ™ƒ–‹ȋʹͲͳͺǣͶʹͶȌǡƒ

’‡”•‘̵•Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡’”‘ˆ‹…‹‡…›‹•ƒˆˆ‡…–‡†„›ƒ›˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡•Ž‹‡ƒ•ˆ‡ƒ”ǡ™‘””›

‘ˆƒ‹‰ƒ‹•–ƒ‡ǡŽƒ…‘ˆ…‘ˆ‹†‡…‡ǡƒš‹‡–›ǡƒ†‘–Š‡”‡‘–‹‘ƒŽˆƒ…–‘”•

™Š‡Ž‡ƒ”‹‰‰Ž‹•Š”‡‘–‡Ž›Ǥ……‘”†‹‰–‘”‘‘ƒŽŽƬšˆ‘”†ȋͳͻͻͳȌǡ…‹–‡†

‹ —Œ‹‹ȋʹͲͳ͸ǣͳͲȌǡ„‘–Š–Š‡–‡ƒ…Š‡”ƒ†–Š‡’—’‹Ž•—•–”‡‰ƒ”†–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•ƒ•ƒ

’ƒ”–‡”•Š‹’ƒ†ƒ•™‘”‹‰–‘‰‡–Š‡”–‘‘˜‡”…‘‡Š›•–‡”‹ƒǡ•‘–Šƒ–‡‹–Š‡”•‡‡•

–Š‡‘–Š‡”ƒ•ƒ•—’’Ž›‘”ƒ’”‘„Ž‡ǡƒ†„‘–Šƒ›™‘”–‘‰‡–Š‡”–‘ƒ††”‡••–Š‡

•ƒ‡ ‹••—‡Ǥ ƒ–Š‡” –Šƒ ‘Ž› …‘—•‡Ž‹‰ •–—†‡–• ‘ Š‘™ –‘ ‹’”‘˜‡ –Š‡‹”

‰Ž‹•Š•‹ŽŽ•ǡ–‡ƒ…Š‡”•ƒ›„‡…‘’‡ŽŽ‡†–‘‡‰ƒ‰‡–Š‡‹ƒ…‘’”‡Š‡•‹˜‡

†‹•…—••‹‘ƒ„‘—––Š‡‹”…—””‡–†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž–‹‡•’‡”–ƒ‹‹‰–‘–Š‡‹”ƒš‹‘—•ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰•Ǥ

–—†‡–•̵‡”˜‘—•‡••‹•’‡ƒ‹‰–‘’‡”ˆ‘”‹ˆ”‘–‘ˆ–Š‡…Žƒ••ǡ–Š‡

–‡ƒ…Š‡”ǡ‘”ƒ‘–Š‡”•–—†‡–ƒ›Šƒ˜‡ƒ‹’ƒ…–‘Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ƒ†–Š‡‹”

…ƒ’ƒ…‹–› –‘ ‰”ƒ•’ ƒ ˆ‘”‡‹‰ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ǡ ƒ‘‰ ‘–Š‡” –Š‹‰•Ǥ ƒ•‡† ‘ –Š‹•

’”‡‹•‡ǡ –Š‹• •–—†› ‡šƒ‹‡• –Š‡ ˆ‘”‡‹‰ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ƒš‹‡–› ‘ˆ ˆ‹”•–Ǧ‰”ƒ†‡

˜‘…ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŠ‹‰Š•…Š‘‘Ž•–—†‡–•ǤŠ‡‘„Œ‡…–‹˜‡•‘ˆ–Š‹••–—†›ƒ”‡–‘†‡–‡”‹‡

–Š‡ …ƒ—•‡• –Šƒ– …ƒ—•‡ •–—†‡–• –‘ ˆ‡‡Ž ‡”˜‘—• ™Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ ‰Ž‹•Šǡ –Š‡

W. Andayani, A.B. Perangin-angin, R.D. Nasution, M. Debora, R. Hartati

†‡‰”‡‡• ‘ˆ ƒš‹‡–› •–—†‡–• ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡ ™Š‡ •–—†›‹‰ ‰Ž‹•Šǡ ƒ† –Š‡

•‘Ž—–‹‘••–—†‡–•—•‡–‘‹‹‹œ‡–Š‡‹”ƒš‹‡–›Ǥ

‡…‡– ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ƒ† –Š‡‘”‡–‹…ƒŽ †‹•…—••‹‘• ‘ ™Šƒ– ‘–‹˜ƒ–‡•

Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• Šƒ˜‡ ‡’Šƒ•‹œ‡† –Š‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ…‡ ‘ˆ •–—†‡–•̵ ƒ––‹–—†‡•

–‘™ƒ”†…Žƒ••”‘‘ƒ••‹‰‡–•ƒ†ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥšƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆ‘”‡…‘–‡’‘”ƒ”›

‘†‡Ž• ‘ˆ ‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘ ‹…Ž—†‡ ‘‡ „› ‘ ”›‡‹ ƒ† ––‘ ȋͳͻͻͺȌǡ ™Š‹…Š

‡’Šƒ•‹œ‡•–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ•‹–—ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ†›ƒ‹…•‹‡š’Žƒ‹‹‰Ž‡ƒ”‡”„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”‹

–Š‡ …Žƒ••”‘‘ ȋ•—…Š ƒ• ‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘” ‹•–”—‡–ƒŽ ‘”‹‡–ƒ–‹‘ȌǤ ……‘’Ž‹•Š

”›‡‹ ƒ† ‘”‘• ȋʹͲͲʹȌ ˆ‘—† –Šƒ– ‹ „‘–Š ”‹–‹•Š ƒ† —‰ƒ”‹ƒ …Žƒ••‡•ǡ

•–—†‡–•̵ ƒ––‹–—†‡• –‘™ƒ”† –Š‡ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ –ƒ•• –Š‡› ™‡”‡ ˆ‘”…‡† –‘ †‘

•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–Ž›…‘””‡Žƒ–‡†™‹–Š–Š‡—„‡”‘ˆ™‘”†•ƒ†–—”•–Š‡›—•‡††—”‹‰

…Žƒ••”‘‘•’‡‡…Š‡š‡”…‹•‡•Ǥ RESEARCH METHOD Participant

‹ˆ–‡‡ƒŽ‡ƒ†ˆ‹˜‡ˆ‡ƒŽ‡•–—†‡–•™‡”‡”‡…”—‹–‡†ˆ‘”–Š‹••–—†›ǡˆ‘”

ƒ –‘–ƒŽ ‘ˆ –™‡–› ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–•Ǥ Š‡› ™‡”‡ •‡Ž‡…–‡† „ƒ•‡† ‘ –Š‡‹” ƒ‰‡ ƒ†

’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‹‘‹‘Ž‹‡Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥ

ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–•ƒ”‡•–—†‡–•ˆ”‘‘‡†‘‡•‹ƒ—‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡ‹˜‡”•‹–ƒ•

‡‰‡”‹‡†ƒǤŠ‡›ƒ”‡•–—†‡–•‡”‘ŽŽ‡†‹–Š‡”–ƒ†ƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ƒ…—Ž–›‘ˆ

‰Ž‹•Š‡’ƒ”–‡–Ǥ‹–Š–Š‡Ž‡…–—”‡”s’ approval, the announcement regarding

’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ– ”‡…”—‹–‡– ˆ‘” –Š‹• •–—†› ™ƒ• †‹•–”‹„—–‡† ˜‹ƒ Šƒ–•’’Ǥ Š‡‹”

ƒ‰‡• ”ƒ‰‡† „‡–™‡‡ ͳͻ ƒ† ʹʹ ›‡ƒ”• ‘Ž†Ǥ Š‡ †‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹…• ‘ˆ –Š‡

’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–•ƒ”‡•Š‘™‹ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ

ǣ

ƒ”–‹…‹’

ƒ– ‡†‡” ‰‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡‡•–‡”

ͳ ƒŽ‡ ʹͲ ‰Ž‹•Š Ͷ^–Š

ʹ ƒŽ‡ ʹͲ ‰Ž‹•Š Ͷ^–Š

͵ ƒŽ‡ ʹͳ ‰Ž‹•Š ͸^–Š

Ͷ ƒŽ‡ ʹͳ ‰Ž‹•Š ͸^–Š

ͷ ƒŽ‡ ʹͲ ‰Ž‹•Š Ͷ^–Š

͸ ƒŽ‡ ʹʹ ‰Ž‹•Š ͸^–Š

͹ ƒŽ‡ ʹʹ ‰Ž‹•Š ͸^–Š

ͺ ƒŽ‡ ʹʹ ‰Ž‹•Š ͸^–Š

ͻ ƒŽ‡ ʹͲ ‰Ž‹•Š Ͷ^–Š

ͳͲ

ͳͳ ƒŽ‡

ƒŽ‡ ʹͲ

ͳͻ ‰Ž‹•Š

‰Ž‹•Š Ͷ^–Š

ʹ^†

†‡‰”‡‡• ‘ˆ ƒš‹‡–› •–—†‡–• ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡ ™Š‡ •–—†›‹‰ ‰Ž‹•Šǡ ƒ† –Š‡

•‘Ž—–‹‘••–—†‡–•—•‡–‘‹‹‹œ‡–Š‡‹”ƒš‹‡–›Ǥ

‡…‡– ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ƒ† –Š‡‘”‡–‹…ƒŽ †‹•…—••‹‘• ‘ ™Šƒ– ‘–‹˜ƒ–‡•

Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ Ž‡ƒ”‡”• Šƒ˜‡ ‡’Šƒ•‹œ‡† –Š‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ…‡ ‘ˆ •–—†‡–•̵ ƒ––‹–—†‡•

–‘™ƒ”†…Žƒ••”‘‘ƒ••‹‰‡–•ƒ†ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥšƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆ‘”‡…‘–‡’‘”ƒ”›

‘†‡Ž• ‘ˆ ‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘ ‹…Ž—†‡ ‘‡ „› ‘ ”›‡‹ ƒ† ––‘ ȋͳͻͻͺȌǡ ™Š‹…Š

‡’Šƒ•‹œ‡•–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ•‹–—ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ†›ƒ‹…•‹‡š’Žƒ‹‹‰Ž‡ƒ”‡”„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”‹

–Š‡ …Žƒ••”‘‘ ȋ•—…Š ƒ• ‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘” ‹•–”—‡–ƒŽ ‘”‹‡–ƒ–‹‘ȌǤ ……‘’Ž‹•Š

”›‡‹ ƒ† ‘”‘• ȋʹͲͲʹȌ ˆ‘—† –Šƒ– ‹ „‘–Š ”‹–‹•Š ƒ† —‰ƒ”‹ƒ …Žƒ••‡•ǡ

•–—†‡–•̵ ƒ––‹–—†‡• –‘™ƒ”† –Š‡ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ –ƒ•• –Š‡› ™‡”‡ ˆ‘”…‡† –‘ †‘

•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–Ž›…‘””‡Žƒ–‡†™‹–Š–Š‡—„‡”‘ˆ™‘”†•ƒ†–—”•–Š‡›—•‡††—”‹‰

…Žƒ••”‘‘•’‡‡…Š‡š‡”…‹•‡•Ǥ RESEARCH METHOD Participant

‹ˆ–‡‡ƒŽ‡ƒ†ˆ‹˜‡ˆ‡ƒŽ‡•–—†‡–•™‡”‡”‡…”—‹–‡†ˆ‘”–Š‹••–—†›ǡˆ‘”

ƒ –‘–ƒŽ ‘ˆ –™‡–› ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–•Ǥ Š‡› ™‡”‡ •‡Ž‡…–‡† „ƒ•‡† ‘ –Š‡‹” ƒ‰‡ ƒ†

’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‹‘‹‘Ž‹‡Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥ

ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–•ƒ”‡•–—†‡–•ˆ”‘‘‡†‘‡•‹ƒ—‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡ‹˜‡”•‹–ƒ•

‡‰‡”‹‡†ƒǤŠ‡›ƒ”‡•–—†‡–•‡”‘ŽŽ‡†‹–Š‡”–ƒ†ƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ƒ…—Ž–›‘ˆ

‰Ž‹•Š‡’ƒ”–‡–Ǥ‹–Š–Š‡Ž‡…–—”‡”s’ approval, the announcement regarding

’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ– ”‡…”—‹–‡– ˆ‘” –Š‹• •–—†› ™ƒ• †‹•–”‹„—–‡† ˜‹ƒ Šƒ–•’’Ǥ Š‡‹”

ƒ‰‡• ”ƒ‰‡† „‡–™‡‡ ͳͻ ƒ† ʹʹ ›‡ƒ”• ‘Ž†Ǥ Š‡ †‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹…• ‘ˆ –Š‡

’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–•ƒ”‡•Š‘™‹ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ

ǣ

ƒ”–‹…‹’

ƒ– ‡†‡” ‰‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡‡•–‡”

ͳ ƒŽ‡ ʹͲ ‰Ž‹•Š Ͷ^–Š

ʹ ƒŽ‡ ʹͲ ‰Ž‹•Š Ͷ^–Š

͵ ƒŽ‡ ʹͳ ‰Ž‹•Š ͸^–Š

Ͷ ƒŽ‡ ʹͳ ‰Ž‹•Š ͸^–Š

ͷ ƒŽ‡ ʹͲ ‰Ž‹•Š Ͷ^–Š

͸ ƒŽ‡ ʹʹ ‰Ž‹•Š ͸^–Š

͹ ƒŽ‡ ʹʹ ‰Ž‹•Š ͸^–Š

ͺ ƒŽ‡ ʹʹ ‰Ž‹•Š ͸^–Š

ͻ ƒŽ‡ ʹͲ ‰Ž‹•Š Ͷ^–Š

ͳͲ

ͳͳ ƒŽ‡

ƒŽ‡ ʹͲ

ͳͻ ‰Ž‹•Š

‰Ž‹•Š Ͷ^–Š

ʹ^†

ͳʹ

ͳ͵

ͳͶ

ͳͷ

ͳ͸

ͳ͹

ͳͺ

ͳͻ

ʹͲ

ƒŽ‡

ƒŽ‡

ƒŽ‡

ƒŽ‡

‡ƒŽ‡

‡ƒŽ‡

‡ƒŽ‡

‡ƒŽ‡

‡ƒŽ‡

ͳͻ

ʹͳ

ʹͲ

ʹͲ

ʹʹ

ʹͳ

ʹͲ

ʹͲ

ʹʹ

‰Ž‹•Š

‰Ž‹•Š

‰Ž‹•Š

‰Ž‹•Š

‰Ž‹•Š

‰Ž‹•Š

‰Ž‹•Š

‰Ž‹•Š

‰Ž‹•Š

ʹ^† Ͷ^–Š Ͷ^–Š

Ͷ^–Š

͸^–Š

͸^–Š Ͷ^–Š Ͷ^–Š

͸^–Š

Research Procedure

Š‡‡–Š‘†•ˆ‘”ƒ…“—‹”‹‰–Š‡†ƒ–ƒ™‡”‡…ƒ””‹‡†‘—–‹•–ƒ‰‡•Ǥ ‹”•–ǡ–Š‡

authors outlined the objectives of the study and solicited the students’

’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ˆ–‡” ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–• ƒ‰”‡‡† –‘ ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‡ ‹ –Š‹• •–—†›ǡ ƒ ‘‘‰Ž‡

ˆ‘”•—”˜‡›™ƒ•†‹•–”‹„—–‡†–‘–Š‡Ǥˆ–‡”…‘’Ž‡–‹‰–Š‡‘‘‰Ž‡ˆ‘”Ǧ„ƒ•‡†

™”‹––‡‘Ž‹‡‹–‡”˜‹‡™ǡ–Š‡‡š–•–‡’™ƒ••…Š‡†—Ž‹‰–Š‡‘Ž‹‡‹–‡”˜‹‡™Ǥ

Š‡ ‘Ž‹‡ ‹–‡”˜‹‡™ was scheduled based on the participants’

ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„‹Ž‹–›ǤŠ‡‘Ž‹‡‹–‡”˜‹‡™™ƒ•…‘†—…–‡†˜‹ƒŠƒ–•ƒ’’ƒ†‘‘˜‹†‡‘

…ƒŽŽ•Ǥ Š‡ ‘Ž‹‡ ‹–‡”˜‹‡™ ™ƒ• –ƒ’‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡ •–—†› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ƒ…Š

‘Ž‹‡‹–‡”˜‹‡™Žƒ•–‡†–™‡–›–‘–Š‹”–›‹—–‡•ǤŠ‡‘Ž‹‡‹–‡”˜‹‡™†ƒ–ƒ™ƒ•

Ž‹•–‡‡†–‘—Ž–‹’Ž‡–‹‡•„‡ˆ‘”‡„‡‹‰™”‹––‡†‘™‘”–”ƒ•…”‹„‡†‹–‘–ƒ„Ž‡•

–‘ ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† …Žƒ••‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ‘Ž‹‡ ‹–‡”˜‹‡™ ™ƒ•

…‘†—…–‡†‹‰Ž‹•ŠǤ

Data Collection 

Š‡”‡™‡”‡–™‘‡–Š‘†•‡’Ž‘›‡†ˆ‘”†ƒ–ƒ…‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘ǤŠ‡ˆ‹”•–‡–Š‘†

‹•ƒ™”‹––‡‘Ž‹‡‹–‡”˜‹‡™—•‹‰ƒ‘‘‰Ž‡ˆ‘”ǡƒ†–Š‡•‡…‘†‡–Š‘†‹•ƒ

˜‹”–—ƒŽ ‘Ž‹‡ ‹–‡”˜‹‡™ ˜‹ƒ Šƒ–•ƒ’’ ˜‹†‡‘ …Šƒ– ƒ† ‘‘Ǥ Š‡ •‡‹Ǧ

•–”—…–—”‡† ˜‹”–—ƒŽ ‘Ž‹‡‹–‡”˜‹‡™ ‹˜‡stigated the participants’ perceptions

‘ˆ–Š‡‹”†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž–‹‡•‘ˆ•’‡ƒ‹‰‹ʹƒ†•‘‡ƒ•’‡…–•–Šƒ–‹ˆŽ—‡…‡–Š‡–‘

…‘—‹…ƒ–‡‹ʹǤ

—”‹‰ –Š‡ ‘Ž‹‡ ‹–‡”˜‹‡™ǡ –Š‡ ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–• ƒ•™‡”‡† –Š‡ “—‡•–‹‘•

™‹–Š‘—–Š‡•‹–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”ƒ†‘Ž‹‡‹–‡”˜‹‡™‡”Šƒ†’”‡˜‹‘—•Ž›

†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ƒ –‹‰Š– ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’Ǥ Š‡ ƒ—–Š‘” ƒ† ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–• Šƒ˜‡ –Š‡

”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’‘ˆ‹•–”—…–‘”ƒ†’—’‹ŽǤŠ‡›ˆ”‡“—‡–Ž›†‹•…—••‡†–‘’‹…•‘—–•‹†‡

‘ˆƒ…ƒ†‡‹…•ǤŠ—•ǡ–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”…‘—Ž†‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡‘”‡’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ– ‘Ž‹‡ ‹–‡”˜‹‡™•ǡ –Š‡ ‡š– •–ƒ‰‡ ™ƒ• †ƒ–ƒ ƒƒŽ›•‹•Ǥ

‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ’”‹‘” –‘ †ƒ–ƒ ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǡ –Š‡ ƒ—–Š‘”• ’”‘˜‹†‡† –Š‡ ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–•

‘’’‘”–—‹–› –‘ ”‡˜‹‡™ –Š‡ ‘Ž‹‡ ‹–‡”˜‹‡™ †ƒ–ƒ ȋ‡„‡” …Š‡…‹‰ȌǤ Š‹•

‡ƒ•—”‡™ƒ•–ƒ‡–‘‹…”‡ƒ•‡–Š‡†ƒ–ƒ’s credibility and maintain the integrity

‘ˆ†ƒ–ƒ”‡…‘•–”—…–‹‘Ǥ



W. Andayani, A.B. Perangin-angin, R.D. Nasution, M. Debora, R. Hartati Data Analysis

•‹‰–Š‡ƒ–‹……‘–‡–ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǡ–Š‡†ƒ–ƒ…‘ŽŽ‡…–‡†™‡”‡ƒƒŽ›œ‡†ǤŠ‹•

theme analysis was conducted to gain a better understanding of “what has been told” rather than the story’s structure. In addition, it was utilized to

‹†‡–‹ˆ›†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž–‹‡•ƒ†‡š’‡”‹‡…‡•„ƒ•‡†‘’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”–Š‡‡•ǤŠ‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•

…‡–‡”‡†‘”‡’‡ƒ–‡†Ž›”‡ƒ†‹‰–Š‡‘Ž‹‡‹–‡”˜‹‡™–”ƒ•…”‹’––‘…‘’”‡Š‡†

–Š‡‡ƒ‹‰ƒ†•–‘”›†‹•…‘—”•‡ǤŠ‡–”ƒ•…”‹’–™ƒ•–Š‡…‘†‡†„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡

–Š‡‡•ǡ•—„–Š‡‡•ǡƒ†ƒ›‘–Š‡”’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ–Š‡‡•–Šƒ–‡‡”‰‡†Ǥ

Š‡ †ƒ–ƒ ™‡”‡ –Š‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡† —•‹‰ …”‹–‹…ƒŽ †‹•…‘—”•‡ ƒƒŽ›•‹• –‘

determine the correct interpretation of each participant’s utterance. The goal

‘ˆ–Š‹•ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š™ƒ•–‘‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡–Š‡‡ƒ‹‰‹Š‡”‡–‹†ƒ–ƒƒ•‡’‹”‹…ƒŽ

–‡š–Ǥ  ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ ƒŽŽ‹†ƒ› —†‡”Ž‹‡† –Šƒ– ƒ ’Š‡‘‡‘ …ƒ „‡ –”ƒ•Žƒ–‡†

–Š”‘—‰Š ‡ƒ‹‰ǡ ™‘”† ‘”†‡”ǡ ƒ† ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡ ™‹–Š‹ ƒ ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ” •‘…‹ƒŽ ƒ†

•‹–—ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ…‘–‡š–ǤŠ‡†ƒ–ƒ‹–Š‹••–—†›…‘–ƒ‹•‘…‹ƒŽˆ—…–‹‘•–Šƒ–…ƒ‘–

„‡‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡‹”•‘…‹ƒŽƒ†…—Ž–—”ƒŽ…‘–‡š–•Ǥ

RESULT AND DISCUSSION Result

Š‡‘Ž‹‡‹–‡”˜‹‡™was to find out students’ perceptions about of the

†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž–‹‡•–Šƒ–‹ˆŽ—‡…‡–Š‡‹”•’‡ƒ‹‰ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡•‹•’‡ƒ‹‰‹ …Žƒ••”‘‘Ǥ

Š‡•‡†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž–‹‡•‹ˆŽ—‡…‡–Š‡‹”™‹ŽŽ‹‰‡••–‘…‘—‹…ƒ–‡‹ʹǤ

Table 2. Student’s Perceptions of Their Difficulties in Speaking L2

‡”…‡‹˜‡†™‡ƒ‡••‡• ”‡“—‡…› ƒ’Ž‡…‘‡–•

‘…ƒ„—Žƒ”›

͹α͵ͷΨ

̶ƒ•‹… ˜‘…ƒ„—Žƒ”›ǡ̶ ̶Ž‹‹–‡†

˜‘…ƒ„—Žƒ”›ǡ̶ƒ†̶Žƒ…‘ˆ…‘ˆ‹†‡…‡‹

•’‘–ƒ‡‘—•Ž›‡’Ž‘›‹‰Ž‡••…‘‘

’Š”ƒ•‡•̶ ƒ”‡ ƒŽŽ ’Š”ƒ•‡• –Šƒ– †‡•…”‹„‡

–Š‘•‡™‹–Š̶Ž‹‹–‡†˜‘…ƒ„—Žƒ”›Ǥ̶

Ž—‡…›

ͷαʹͷΨ

̶–”‘†—…‹‰ › ‹†‡ƒ• •‹’Ž›̶Ǣ

̶•’‡ƒ‹‰ …‘•‹•–‡–Ž› ƒ† …Ž‡ƒ”Ž›̶Ǣ

̶’Š”ƒ•‹‰ ‹ ƒ ™ƒ› –Šƒ– ƒŽŽ‘™• ‡ –‘

…‘•‹†‡” –Š‡ ˜‘…ƒ„—Žƒ”›  ‘™̶Ǣ

̶–ƒ‹‰ ƒ Ž‘‰ –‹‡ –‘ „—‹Ž† ƒ

•‡–‡…‡̶Ǣ ̶‘– ‘™‹‰ Š‘™ –‘

‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‡‘ƒ–‘’‹…̶

š‹‡–› ȋŠ‡•‹–ƒ–‹‘ǡ

ˆ‡ƒ”ǡ ƒ† Žƒ… ‘ˆ

confidence) ͵αͳͷΨ

̶›Š‡•‹–ƒ…‡ǡˆ‡ƒ”‘ˆ‹•’”‘‘—…‹‰

–Š‹‰•ǡ̶ ̶‰”‡ƒ–‡” …‘ˆ‹†‡…‡ ‹ ›

’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‹‘ǡ̶ ƒ† ̶ƒ Žƒ… ‘ˆ

…‘ˆ‹†‡…‡ –‘ —–‹Ž‹œ‡ Ž‡•• ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”

Data Analysis

•‹‰–Š‡ƒ–‹……‘–‡–ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǡ–Š‡†ƒ–ƒ…‘ŽŽ‡…–‡†™‡”‡ƒƒŽ›œ‡†ǤŠ‹•

theme analysis was conducted to gain a better understanding of “what has been told” rather than the story’s structure. In addition, it was utilized to

‹†‡–‹ˆ›†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž–‹‡•ƒ†‡š’‡”‹‡…‡•„ƒ•‡†‘’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”–Š‡‡•ǤŠ‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•

…‡–‡”‡†‘”‡’‡ƒ–‡†Ž›”‡ƒ†‹‰–Š‡‘Ž‹‡‹–‡”˜‹‡™–”ƒ•…”‹’––‘…‘’”‡Š‡†

–Š‡‡ƒ‹‰ƒ†•–‘”›†‹•…‘—”•‡ǤŠ‡–”ƒ•…”‹’–™ƒ•–Š‡…‘†‡†„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡

–Š‡‡•ǡ•—„–Š‡‡•ǡƒ†ƒ›‘–Š‡”’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ–Š‡‡•–Šƒ–‡‡”‰‡†Ǥ

Š‡ †ƒ–ƒ ™‡”‡ –Š‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡† —•‹‰ …”‹–‹…ƒŽ †‹•…‘—”•‡ ƒƒŽ›•‹• –‘

determine the correct interpretation of each participant’s utterance. The goal

‘ˆ–Š‹•ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š™ƒ•–‘‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡–Š‡‡ƒ‹‰‹Š‡”‡–‹†ƒ–ƒƒ•‡’‹”‹…ƒŽ

–‡š–Ǥ  ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ ƒŽŽ‹†ƒ› —†‡”Ž‹‡† –Šƒ– ƒ ’Š‡‘‡‘ …ƒ „‡ –”ƒ•Žƒ–‡†

–Š”‘—‰Š ‡ƒ‹‰ǡ ™‘”† ‘”†‡”ǡ ƒ† ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡ ™‹–Š‹ ƒ ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ” •‘…‹ƒŽ ƒ†

•‹–—ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ…‘–‡š–ǤŠ‡†ƒ–ƒ‹–Š‹••–—†›…‘–ƒ‹•‘…‹ƒŽˆ—…–‹‘•–Šƒ–…ƒ‘–

„‡‹•‘Žƒ–‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡‹”•‘…‹ƒŽƒ†…—Ž–—”ƒŽ…‘–‡š–•Ǥ

RESULT AND DISCUSSION Result

Š‡‘Ž‹‡‹–‡”˜‹‡™was to find out students’ perceptions about of the

†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž–‹‡•–Šƒ–‹ˆŽ—‡…‡–Š‡‹”•’‡ƒ‹‰ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡•‹•’‡ƒ‹‰‹ …Žƒ••”‘‘Ǥ

Š‡•‡†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž–‹‡•‹ˆŽ—‡…‡–Š‡‹”™‹ŽŽ‹‰‡••–‘…‘—‹…ƒ–‡‹ʹǤ

Table 2. Student’s Perceptions of Their Difficulties in Speaking L2

‡”…‡‹˜‡†™‡ƒ‡••‡• ”‡“—‡…› ƒ’Ž‡…‘‡–•

‘…ƒ„—Žƒ”›

͹α͵ͷΨ

̶ƒ•‹… ˜‘…ƒ„—Žƒ”›ǡ̶ ̶Ž‹‹–‡†

˜‘…ƒ„—Žƒ”›ǡ̶ƒ†̶Žƒ…‘ˆ…‘ˆ‹†‡…‡‹

•’‘–ƒ‡‘—•Ž›‡’Ž‘›‹‰Ž‡••…‘‘

’Š”ƒ•‡•̶ ƒ”‡ ƒŽŽ ’Š”ƒ•‡• –Šƒ– †‡•…”‹„‡

–Š‘•‡™‹–Š̶Ž‹‹–‡†˜‘…ƒ„—Žƒ”›Ǥ̶

Ž—‡…›

ͷαʹͷΨ

̶–”‘†—…‹‰ › ‹†‡ƒ• •‹’Ž›̶Ǣ

̶•’‡ƒ‹‰ …‘•‹•–‡–Ž› ƒ† …Ž‡ƒ”Ž›̶Ǣ

̶’Š”ƒ•‹‰ ‹ ƒ ™ƒ› –Šƒ– ƒŽŽ‘™• ‡ –‘

…‘•‹†‡” –Š‡ ˜‘…ƒ„—Žƒ”›  ‘™̶Ǣ

̶–ƒ‹‰ ƒ Ž‘‰ –‹‡ –‘ „—‹Ž† ƒ

•‡–‡…‡̶Ǣ ̶‘– ‘™‹‰ Š‘™ –‘

‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‡‘ƒ–‘’‹…̶

š‹‡–› ȋŠ‡•‹–ƒ–‹‘ǡ

ˆ‡ƒ”ǡ ƒ† Žƒ… ‘ˆ

confidence) ͵αͳͷΨ

̶›Š‡•‹–ƒ…‡ǡˆ‡ƒ”‘ˆ‹•’”‘‘—…‹‰

–Š‹‰•ǡ̶ ̶‰”‡ƒ–‡” …‘ˆ‹†‡…‡ ‹ ›

’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‹‘ǡ̶ ƒ† ̶ƒ Žƒ… ‘ˆ

…‘ˆ‹†‡…‡ –‘ —–‹Ž‹œ‡ Ž‡•• ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”

’Š”ƒ•‡••’‘–ƒ‡‘—•Ž›̶

”ƒƒ”

ʹαͳͲΨ ”ƒƒ”ǡ ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”Ž› ‰‡†‡” ƒ†

…‘Œ—‰ƒ–‹‘Ǣ •–”‡••‹‰ ƒ„‘—– …‘””‡…–

‰”ƒƒ”Ǣ‰”ƒƒ–‹…ƒŽ…‘…‡”•Ǥ

”‘—…‹ƒ–‹‘ ʹαͳͲΨ ‡ƒ‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‘”†ǡ ̶’”‘—…‹ƒ–‹‘̶

‘”̶ƒ……‡–̶

•‡‘ˆ‰Ž‹•Š ͳαͷΨ ̶‘˜‡”•‹‰‹‰Ž‹•Š™‹–Š‡‡”•̶



Š‡”‡™‡”‡‡‹‰Š–“—‡•–‹‘•‹–Š‡ ‘Ž‹‡‹–‡”˜‹‡™to find of student’s

‘’‹‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹”’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‹‘‹ …Žƒ••”‘‘Ǥ

Table 3. Student’s Opinion ‘ˆŠ‡‹”ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‹‘ Žƒ••”‘‘

‘ —‡•–‹‘ ‡•—Ž–

ͳ ‘™†‘›‘—ˆ‡‡Ž™Š‹Ž‡›‘—

ƒ”‡ ‹ –Š‡ …Žƒ••”‘‘

•–—†›‹‰‰Ž‹•Šǫ

ŽŽ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •ƒ’Ž‡• ‹†‹…ƒ–‡† –Šƒ– •–—†›‹‰

‰Ž‹•Šƒ‡•–Š‡Šƒ’’›Ǥ

ʹ Šƒ– ‹• –Š‡ ‘•–

„‘–Š‡”•‘‡ƒ•’‡…–‘ˆ›‘—”

‰Ž‹•Š …Žƒ••”‘‘

‡š’‡”‹‡…‡ǫ

Š‡”‡ ‹• ‘–Š‹‰ –Šƒ– …‘…‡”• –Š”‡‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡

‡šƒ’Ž‡•™Š‡–Š‡›ƒ”‡•–—†›‹‰‰Ž‹•Š‹

–Š‡…Žƒ••”‘‘Ǥ™‘‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ’Ž‡•‹†‹…ƒ–‡†

–Šƒ– –Š‡ ‘•– „‘–Š‡”•‘‡ ƒ•’‡…– ‘ˆ ‰Ž‹•Š

•–—†›‹•–Š‡‘‹•›…Žƒ••”‘‘Ǥ Ǧ……‘”†‹‰–‘

‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •ƒ’Ž‡•ǡ –Š‡ ‘•– ˆ”—•–”ƒ–‹‰

ƒ•’‡…– ‘ˆ •–—†›‹‰ ‰Ž‹•Š ‹• ‘–

—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰–Š‡–‘’‹…Ǥ

͵ ‘ ›‘— ‘™ ™Š› ›‘—̵”‡

•‘–‡•‡‹‰Ž‹•Š…Žƒ••ǫ ‡˜‡–‡‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •ƒ’Ž‡• ”‡’‘”–‡† ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰

‡”˜‘—• ™Š‡ –Š‡› †‘ ‘– …‘’”‡Š‡† –Š‡

ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ’”‘˜‹†‡†„›–Š‡‰Ž‹•Š–‡ƒ…Š‡”Ǥ

Š”‡‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’—’‹Ž• ”‡•’‘†‡† –Šƒ– Š‹•

ƒš‹‡–› ‹ ‰Ž‹•Š …Žƒ•• •–‡• ˆ”‘ Š‹•

‹†•‡–Ǥ

Ͷ Šƒ– †‘ ›‘— „‡Ž‹‡˜‡ ›‘—”

’‡‡”• ™‹ŽŽ †‘ ‹ˆ ›‘— ƒ‡

ƒ‡””‘”‹‰Ž‹•Š…Žƒ••ǫ

ŽŽ ”‡•’‘†‡–• ‹†‹…ƒ–‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡‹”

…Žƒ••ƒ–‡• ™‹ŽŽ ‡‹–Š‡” Žƒ—‰Š ƒ– –Š‡‹” ‡””‘”ǡ

ƒ––‡’––‘…‘””‡…–‹–ǡ‘”•‹’Ž›†‹•”‡‰ƒ”†‹–Ǥ

ͷ ‘›‘—„‡Ž‹‡˜‡‰Ž‹•Š‹•ƒ

…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‹‰ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ –‘

ƒ•–‡”ǫ

ŽŽ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡šƒ’Ž‡• •ƒ‹† –Šƒ– ‰Ž‹•Š ‹• ƒ

…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‹‰Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡–‘Ž‡ƒ”•‹…‡–Š‡›Šƒ†

–”‘—„Ž‡ ’”‘‘—…‹‰ ™‘”†• ƒ†

…‘’”‡Š‡†‹‰–Š‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

͸ ‘‡•›‘—”‹•–”—…–‘”ƒˆˆ‡…–

›‘—” ‘‘† ™Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”‹‰

‰Ž‹•Šǫ

ŽŽ‘ˆ–Š‡‡šƒ’Ž‡•”‡•’‘†‡†ƒˆˆ‹”ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›ǡ

•‹…‡‹ˆ–Š‡–‡ƒ…Š‡”‹•„‘”‡†ǡ–Š‡•–—†‡–•™‹ŽŽ

‘–„‡‘–‹˜ƒ–‡†–‘Ž‡ƒ”Ǥ

͹ ‘ ›‘— Šƒ˜‡ ƒ› ŽŽ”‡•’‘†‡–•‹†‹…ƒ–‡†ƒ’”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡ˆ‘”ƒ