APPLICATIONS OF MEDIA AUTOGRAPH THROUGH
COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
Dina SeptrianiNational University of Malaysia
Zoelkepeli Bin Haron
National University of Malaysia
ABSTRACT
The main focus of this concept paper is to discuss the influence of media applications software autographs on communication skills of students in learning mathematics. Mathematics education scenario in school now covering passive attitudes towards mathematics, mathematics teaching poor approach, students have difficulty in understanding the language of mathematics and most students are not able to adapt to changes in technology or the development of existing. For those on this concept paper will be peeled on the understanding in the use of media software that translates autograph in the definition and role of communication in learning mathematics. The Media software autograph is one alternative to improve the communication skills of students in learning mathematics. Based on the findings of these studies, communication skills were peeled based learning approach in the teaching and learning of Mathematics. This paper further discusses the importance of concepts and recommendations on the application of software media autographs of communication skills in mathematics learning.
Keywords: Media software autographs, The role of communication in mathematics learning, Build communication skills, Communication in mathematics.
Introduction
Education has an important role in improving human resources. Various of ways done to deceive the knowledge for life. All components of society have a role in education, particularly the government, the main purpose of education achieved. The development of science and technology is one of a knowledge base mod is said to grow by leaps and bounds. Mathematics is one of the important parts of science and technology. Until, one of the subjects of mathematics that are in every level of education from kindergarten up to tertiary level. But in fact mathematically considered as a difficult subject and hard. Generally, mathematics is a subject that is not preferred for children, and also as a hated subject (Ruseffendi, 2005). In addition, many mathematisc teachers are concerned with the mastery of material and more foster just one-way communication with students (Teacher Centre) so that students are not active in communicating ideas. In addition, many also preferred mathematics teacher from the obtained results without seeing the processes of students.
students for mathematics belong Indonesia ranks low as the 38th with a score of 386 from 42 countries (TIMSS 2011). Indonesia's score fell 11 points from the year of assessment 2007 (Agus Mulyadi 2012). For any student Malaysia also fell from the previous results was ranked 26th with a score of 440 (TIMSS 2011). Based on those results, there should be improvement in our country's teaching and learning so that our people can catch up. One way can be done is by using software media autograph in improving communication skills of students in mathematics learning.
The Importance Of Communication In Mathematics
Learning
Communication mix all aspects of human life (Jalaluddin Rakhmat, 2008). Various sources mentioned the important role of communication skills in the learning of mathematics (NCTM, 2000; CAI, 1996; Baroody, 1993; Sandra, 1999; Pugalee, 2001). A study revealed that 70% of the time awake humans use to communicate. Communication is crucial to the quality of human life. Disclosure of the importance of communication skills in mathematics learning, can be found in various books about mathematics in the United States. For example, the Connected Mathematics books written that The Overarching Goal of Connected Mathematics is "All Students Should be Able to Reason and Communicate proficiently in mathematics" (Lappan, 2002a). While the book Mathematics: Applications and Connections mentioned one of the reasons we want to achieve is to provide the widest opportunity for students to develop and integrate communication skills through modelling, speaking, writing, talking, drawing, and presenting what they have learned (Collins, et al, 1995 in Wahid, 2012).
Along with communication, we build mutual understanding, fostering friendship, love preserving, disseminating knowledge, and sustaining civilization (the Smart, 2010). But communication also nourish discord, enmity turn, instills hatred, impedes progress, and inhibiting thoughts. Associated with the role of communication skills, Huinker & Laughlin (1996) revealed that one of the purposes to be achieved in the learning of mathematics is to provide the widest opportunity for students to develop and integrate communication skills. Next Polla (1999), says communication is one of the important factors in the mathematics learning process inside or outside the classroom. Communication has an important role in mathematics. Many ways to develop the communication skills, through verbal and written, modelling, image, and presenting what they have learned or found.
One of the forms activities to improve communication skills, namely giving the widest opportunity for learners to develop and integrate communication skills through a variety of external representations, such as verbal descriptions, graphics (visuals), table, or formula (Janvier, 1987). In addition, the process of communication that leverage open problem (open-ended problem) and well planned can encourage students to better understand the mathematical material (Ali, 2009). Such activities, while giving the role of mathematics as a language, while also emphasizing mathematics as an activity (doing mathematics) where the math activities, not just focused on the final solution but the processes that include translation processes such as interpretation, measurement, sketching, modelling, and others. However, the mathematics learning which took place over the years, does not present an opportunity for the development of communication skills. Therefore, To improve communication skills in mathematics learning then teachers appropriately empowering learning using learning models that can provide opportunities and encourage students to practice communication skills and problem solving in mathematics. Teachers are expected not only to transfer knowledge, but is supported to develop students' understanding of mathematical values to grow the reasoning, logical thinking, critical, open and creative curiosity and be able to do the result communication of the mathematical problem solving of students have done.
Understanding of mathematical concepts is very relevant to students' ability to communicate mathematics to be developed. As decanted in the Curriculum and Evaluation Standards (NCTM, 1989), that one of the policy's ability to think mathematically expected of learners belonging to communicate mathematically. Communication in mathematics is one of the policies that have enabled capability improvement as other basic capabilities, the reasoning and problem solving.
Communication of Mathematics
1. MATHEMATICS LEARNING
Learning is a student's interactive process with teachers and learning resources in a learning environment (Ministry of National Education, 2003). Learning is an activity planned to help students for learning a new knowledge (Sagala, 2010). Learning involves students to interact with learning resources that created the learning process.
Displacement policy education curriculum in our country of course has the aim that we are more advanced education. It will be implications for the teaching of mathematics that should be achieved by the students. According to Jihad (2008), students learn mathematical purposes are: (1) Using the algorithm, (2) Perform a mathematical manipulation, (3) Organizing the data; (4) Leveraging symbols, tables, diagrams, graphics, (5) Identify and find patterns, (6) Interest conclusions; (7) modelling or mathematics sentence (8) Make up in the field of interpretation and space; (9) Understand measurement and the units, and (10) Using mathematics tools.
abstract concepts. Therefore, the mathematics learning in school has its own characteristics, namely:
1) Mathematics learning is according to level
2) Follow the spiral model
3) Follow the pattern of deductive thinking
4) Profess truth consistency (Erman, 2003)
Other than that, for Jihad (2008) mathematics has a function as a platform:
1) Develop the ability to communicate using numbers and symbols. As in accord to
Cocroft at Mulyono (2003) that mathematics should be presented to students as a means of communication are strong, short and clear.
2) Develop sharpness reasoning can be clarified and solve everyday problems. National
Council of Supervisors of Mathematics (NCSM) explained that mathematics learning of curriculum should include 10 skills base of which is the influence of mathematics problem solving and daily application of mathematics (Erna, 2006).
2. MEANING COMMUNICATIONS OF MATHEMATICS SKILLS
In human life are not free from interaction with each other. The need for another creature is a major requirement or basic needs. Matter underlying the interaction is communication. Therefore, it is a means of communication to meet the needs of fellow human beings.
Communication is the process of delivering ideas from one person to another until the obtained similarity of meaning (Latifah, 2011). Another meaning of communication is itself provide information, exchange views and ideas, and so on. There are two forms of communication according to Bambang (2008), namely:
1) Verbal communication, speech delivered orally through the mouth. This information can be the form of a gust or idea.
2) Nonverbal communication, the information delivery process can be written, signals or gestures.
Syaiful (2009) explains that Everett M Rogers is an American Rural Sociology who have been giving attention to the study of communication research, defined that communication is a process of removal from the source to the receiver idea with the purpose to change his behaviour. And then, according to Sumarmo (2005) that the communication in mathematics is an activity that includes physical and mental in listening, reading, writing, speaking, reflect, demonstrate, apply the language and symbols to communicate mathematical ideas. Therefore, it can be concluded that the ability of mathematical communication is the ability of students in reflecting images, tables, charts into mathematical ideas, explain concepts or mathematical situation with its own language of mathematics and everyday events, in mathematical symbols.
Building Mathematics Communication Skills Of Students
Through Media Software Autograph
1. MATHEMATICS COMMUNICATION SKILLS
for students to be built mathematics communication. As for activities that teachers can improve mathematics communication skills of students, among others (Bambang Aryan, 2008):
1) Hear and find the ideas of students
2) Investigate questions and tasks assigned, attractive and challenging students to think 3) Ask students to respond and evaluate their own ideas
4) Evaluating understanding or ideas presented by students in the discussion
5) Decide and how to present mathematics notation in the language of mathematics to students
6) Monitor of students in discussion and motivate each student to actively participate in discussion forums.
1) Modelling the situation by verbal, written, pictures, graphic, and algebraic.
2) Cause a reflection and clarified in thinking about mathematical ideas in a variety of situations
3) Developing understanding of mathematical ideas, including the role of definitions 4) Using the reading skills, listening and viewing to interpret and evaluate
mathematical ideas
5) Study the mathematical ideas through conjecture and convincing reasons
6) Understanding the value of mathematical notation and role in the development of mathematical ideas.
2. MATHEMATICS COMMUNICATION BY AUTOGRAPH
One way to improve the quality of mathematics learning is developing media learning of used. Teaching and learning activities needed a medium as a tool to help obscurity of the material presented (Syaiful, 1999). Media can be represent any less capable for teachers say by verbal. This Media is very useful to attract interesting of learning for students and can make them enthusiastic about the material provided (Tri, 2008). There are a variety software of computer utilization which currently raging developed as media that can make students interested in mathematics learning, one of the media is software autographs.
Using the Autograph in learning, students asked to break down a problem and cultivate creativity-related subjects in the discussion drawing geometry and calculate the distance in three-dimensional space to be improved communication skills of students in mathematics learning. Clement (1989) explains that learning geometry by software computer can motivate students in mathematical problem solving and geometry concepts that are abstract and difficult. Alessi and Trollip (2001) in his book is a Multimedia of Learning that one of the appropriate media learning used in computer-based learning in schools is shaped Tolls. The autograph is one of the newest products from the London England capable of displaying menus are fairly complete includes geometry and algebra.
Autograph's Program is a software designed and developed to assist in the learning of teachers and students, to explore the concept of geometric with the result that users can easily draw or construct the geometry structures; doing an exploration of structures is constructed; and users can interact with the software (Ocu, 2012). Autograph whole menu can be seen as in the picture.
Previous Study About Effectiveness Of Media Autographs
On Communication Skills In Mathematics Learning
The results of these studies are outcomes that can support media utilization computer and a number of methods (techniques) used to enhance the communication skills of students who at the time was as follows:
Ayub, et al. (2008) a study about comparison of three mathematical software for high school students in Serdang. In this study stated that the teaching and learning of mathematics can further enhance children's understanding skills through the use of dynamic software. Yonandi (2011) as well about the influence of contextual learning approach to enhance the capability of computer in mathematical communication suggests that contextual learning the computer gives a consistent influence. Beside that, the researchers also found that there is an association between communication skills and problem solving ability in mathematics learning. The study was said to be very relevant to developed especially in the use of learning media software in enhancing students' mathematical communication skills.
Rusmini in 2007 has also been studying very relevant to developed in this study, especially in the use of media software. Her study concluded that students who had learned through contextual approach aided Cabri Geometry II can be increased communication and mathematical reasoning ability better than not use. Beside that, Tarmizi. et al (2008) says that using Autograph software can provide a positive contribution to the learning of mathematics especially geometry learning. Darminto (2008), can also improve the ability of high-level thinking mathematics teacher candidates in computer-based learning to study in college Muhammadiyah. The studies that have been done is a study that supports the development of this study.
Conclusions and Suggestion
The above description, it can be concluded that the mathematical communication is one heart in learning, so it needs to improve the mathematical learning. As well as other basic skills, such as the reasoning ability, the ability of understanding, problem-solving ability, connection ability, and the ability of the representation. Therefore, for improving communication skills in mathematics learning, then teachers should enable learning by using learning and media learning that can provide opportunities and encourage students to practice their communication skills and problem solving. Teachers are expected if not only to transfer knowledge alone, but also encourages the development of student understanding of mathematical values to grow its reasoning, logical thinking, critical, creative, and open curiosity and ability to perform communication of the result of the mathematical problem solving of students have done. For that, based on the ideas from this article explained that in mathematical communication skills of students need to have teaching aids or the media learning in mathematics teaching and learning. This is one way to improving the quality of mathematics learning effectiveness, one media learning proposed in this paper is the media software Autograph.
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