LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM
“
SISTEM OPERASI LINUX UBUNTU
”
Disusun Oleh:
Nama
: M. Ali Mustofa ( 11590391 )
Anis Yuliati ( 11590370 )
Jurusan
: Teknik Informatika
FAKULTAS TEKNIK INFORMATIKA
UNIVERSITAS DARUL ULUM JOMBANG
LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM SISTEM OPERASI
Percobaan 1 : Melihat identitas diri (nomor id dan group id)
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ id
uid=1000(anistofa) gid=1000(anistofa)
groups=1000(anistofa),4(adm),20(dialout),24(cdrom),46(plugdev),111(lpadmin),119(admin),122(sa mbashare)
Per o aa 2 : Me gga ti pro pt de ga $
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ PSI="$"
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$
Percobaan 3 : Melihat tanggal dan kalender dari sistem
1. anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ date
Sun Mar 9 12:11:09 WIT 2014
2.anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ cal 9 2002
September 2002
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
3.anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ cal -y
2014
January February March
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4 1 1
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
26 27 28 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31
April May June
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
27 28 29 30 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 29 30
July August September
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 28 29 30
31
October November December
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
26 27 28 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 28 29 30 31
30
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$
Percobaan 4 : Melihat identitas mesin
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ hostname
anistofa-VirtualBox
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ uname
Linux
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ uname -a
Linux anistofa-VirtualBox 2.6.35-22-generic #33-Ubuntu SMP Sun Sep 19 20:34:50 UTC 2010 i686 GNU/Linux
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$
Percobaan 5 : Melihat siapa yang sedang aktif
1.anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ w
12:16:41 up 46 min, 2 users, load average: 0.89, 0.88, 0.88
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
anistofa tty7 :0 11:30 46:22 1:24 0.18s gnome-session
anistofa pts/0 :0.0 11:56 0.00s 0.24s 0.00s w
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ who
anistofa tty7 2014-03-09 11:30 (:0)
anistofa pts/0 2014-03-09 11:56 (:0.0)
anistofa
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$
2.anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ chfn anistofa
Password:
Changing the user information for anistofa
Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
Full Name: AnisTofa
Room Number []: name
Work Phone []: 08886821618
Home Phone []: Bojonegoro
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ finger
The program 'finger' can be found in the following packages:
* finger
* finger-ldap
Try: sudo apt-get install <selected package>
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ finger anistofa
The program 'finger' can be found in the following packages:
* finger
* finger-ldap
Try: sudo apt-get install <selected package>
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$
Percobaan 6 : Menggunakan manual
LS(1) User Commands LS(1)
NAME
SYNOPSIS
ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
DESCRIPTION
List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options
too.
-a, --all
do not ignore entries starting with .
-A, --almost-all
do not list implied . and ..
--author
with -l, print the author of each file
Manual page ls(1) line 1
MAN(1) Manual pager utils MAN(1)
NAME
man - an interface to the on-line reference manuals
SYNOPSIS
man [-C file] [-d] [-D] [--warnings[=warnings]] [-R encoding] [-L
locale] [-m system[,...]] [-M path] [-S list] [-e extension] [-i|-I]
pager] [-r prompt] [-7] [-E encoding] [--no-hyphenation] [--no-justifi‐
cation] [-p string] [-t] [-T[device]] [-H[browser]] [-X[dpi]] [-Z]
[[section] page ...] ...
man -k [apropos options] regexp ...
man -K [-w|-W] [-S list] [-i|-I] [--regex] [section] term ...
man -f [whatis options] page ...
man -l [-C file] [-d] [-D] [--warnings[=warnings]] [-R encoding] [-L
locale] [-P pager] [-r prompt] [-7] [-E encoding] [-p string] [-t]
[-T[device]] [-H[browser]] [-X[dpi]] [-Z] file ...
man -w|-W [-C file] [-d] [-D] page ...
man -c [-C file] [-d] [-D] page ...
man [-hV]
DESCRIPTION
Manual page man(1) line 1
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ man -k file
getpwent_r (3) - get passwd file entry reentrantly
getpwnam (3) - get password file entry
getpwnam_r (3) - get password file entry
getpwuid (3) - get password file entry
getpwuid_r (3) - get password file entry
getspent (3) - get shadow password file entry
getspent_r (3) - get shadow password file entry
getspnam (3) - get shadow password file entry
getspnam_r (3) - get shadow password file entry
getttyent (3) - get ttys file entry
getttynam (3) - get ttys file entry
getumask (3) - get file creation mask
getutent (3) - access utmp file entries
getutid (3) - access utmp file entries
getutid_r (3) - access utmp file entries
getutline (3) - access utmp file entries
getutline_r (3) - access utmp file entries
getutxent (3) - access utmp file entries
getutxid (3) - access utmp file entries
getutxline (3) - access utmp file entries
getwc (3) - read a wide character from a FILE stream
Glib::BookmarkFile (3pm) - Parser for bookmark files
Glib::KeyFile (3pm) - Parser for .ini-like files
Glib::MakeHelper (3pm) - Makefile.PL utilities for Glib-based extensions
Glib::ParseXSDoc (3pm) - Parse POD and XSub declarations from XS files.
gnome-desktop-item-edit (1) - tool to edit .desktop file
gnome-open (1) - Open files and URLs using the GNOME file handlers
gnome-screenshot (1) - capture the screen, a window, or an user-defined area ...
Gnome2::FileEntry (3pm) - wrapper for GnomeFileEntry
Gnome2::VFS::Async (3pm) - handles asynchronous file operations
Gnome2::VFS::Async::Handle (3pm) - handles asynchronous file operations
Gnome2::VFS::FileInfo (3pm) - stores information about files, like stat
Gnome2::VFS::Handle (3pm) - basic file operations
Gnome2::VFS::main (3pm) - Filesystem Abstraction library
Gnome2::VFS::Volume (3pm) - Abstraction for a mounted file system or a networ...
gpg-zip (1) - encrypt or sign files into an archive
gprof (1) - display call graph profile data
group (5) - user group file
group.conf (5) - configuration file for the pam_group module
grpck (8) - verify integrity of group files
grub-bin2h (1) - convert a binary file to a C header
grub-mkconfig (8) - generate a GRUB configuration file
grub-mkfont (1) - make GRUB font files
gshadow (5) - shadowed group file
gst-typefind-0.10 (1) - print MIME type of file
gunzip (1) - compress or expand files
gzexe (1) - compress executable files in place
gzip (1) - compress or expand files
h2ph (1) - convert .h C header files to .ph Perl header files
h2xs (1) - convert .h C header files to Perl extensions
hasmntopt (3) - get file system descriptor file entry
hdparm.conf (5) - Debian configuration file for hdparm
head (1) - output the first part of files
helpztags (1) - generate the help tags file for directory
hier (7) - Description of the file system hierarchy
host.conf (5) - resolver configuration file
hosts.allow (5) - format of host access control files
hosts.deny (5) - format of host access control files
hosts_access (5) - format of host access control files
HTTP::Cookies::Microsoft (3pm) - access to Microsoft cookies files
HTTP::Cookies::Netscape (3pm) - access to Netscape cookies files
iceauth (1) - ICE authority file utility
iconv (1) - Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to a...
iconvconfig (8) - Create fastloading iconv module configuration file
initramfs.conf (5) - configuration file for mkinitramfs
inotify (7) - monitoring file system events
install (1) - copy files and set attributes
intel_bios_dumper (1) - Saves the Intel video BIOS contents to a file.
intro (4) - Introduction to special files
intro (5) - Introduction to file formats
isatty (3) - test whether a file descriptor refers to a terminal
ispell-autobuildhash (8) - Autobuilding the ispell hash file for some dicts
issue (5) - prelogin message and identification file
jfs_debugfs (8) - shell-type JFS file system editor
jfs_fscklog (8) - extract a JFS fsck service log into a file and/or form...
jfs_tune (8) - adjust tunable file system parameters on JFS
join (1) - join lines of two files on a common field
lchown (2) - change ownership of a file
lchown32 (2) - change ownership of a file
lckpwdf (3) - get shadow password file entry
ldap.conf (5) - LDAP configuration file/environment variables
lessfile (1) - "input preprocessor" for less.
lftp (1) - Sophisticated file transfer program
lftpget (1) - get a file with lftp(1)
limits.conf (5) - configuration file for the pam_limits module
link (1) - call the link function to create a link to a file
link (2) - make a new name for a file
linkat (2) - create a file link relative to directory file descriptors
llseek (2) - reposition read/write file offset
lmhosts (5) - The Samba NetBIOS hosts file
ln (1) - make links between files
local-filesystems (7) - event signalling that local filesystems have been mou...
locale (5) - Describes a locale definition file
locale-gen (8) - compile a list of locale definition files
localedef (1) - compile locale definition files
locate (1) - find files by name
lockf (3) - apply, test or remove a POSIX lock on an open file
lockfile-check (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ...
lockfile-create (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ...
lockfile-progs (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ...
lockfile-touch (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ...
logprof (8) - utility program for managing AppArmor security profiles
logprof.conf (5) - configuration file for expert options that modify the ...
logsave (8) - save the output of a command in a logfile
logwtmp (3) - append an entry to the wtmp file
lorder (1) - list dependencies for object files
lp (1) - print files
lpr (1) - print files
lsattr (1) - list file attributes on a Linux second extended file s...
lseek (2) - reposition read/write file offset
lseek64 (3) - reposition 64-bit read/write file offset
lsof (8) - list open files
lstat (2) - get file status
lstat64 (2) - get file status
lutimes (3) - change file timestamps
lwp-download (1p) - Fetch large files from the web
LWP::MediaTypes (3pm) - guess media type for a file or a URL
lzmainfo (1) - show infomation stored in the .lzma file header
magic (5) - file command's magic pattern file
mail-lock (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ...
mail-touchlock (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ...
mail-unlock (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ...
Mail::Cap (3pm) - Parse mailcap files
mailcap (5) - metamail capabilities file
mailto.conf (5) - configuration file for cups email notifier
manpath (5) - format of the /etc/manpath.config file
mattrib (1) - change MSDOS file attribute flags
mcheck (1) - verify all files on an MS-DOS formatted disk
mcomp (1) - Compares two files using mtools
mdel (1) - delete an MSDOS file
mformat (1) - add an MSDOS filesystem to a low-level formatted flopp...
mib2c.conf (5snmp) - How to write mib2c.conf files to do ANYTHING based on ...
mime.convs (5) - mime type conversion file for cups
mime.types (5) - mime type description file for cups
minfo (1) - print the parameters of a MSDOS filesystem
mk_modmap (8) - translate a Linux keytable file into an xmodmap file
mkdirat (2) - create a directory relative to a directory file descri...
mkdosfs (8) - create an MS-DOS file system under Linux
mke2fs (8) - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
mke2fs.conf (5) - Configuration file for mke2fs
mkfifo (3) - make a FIFO special file (a named pipe)
mkfifoat (3) - make a FIFO (named pipe) relative to a directory file ...
mkfontdir (1) - create an index of X font files in a directory
mkfontscale (1) - create an index of scalable font files for X
mkfs (8) - build a Linux file system
mkfs.bfs (8) - make an SCO bfs filesystem
mkfs.btrfs (8) - create an btrfs filesystem
mkfs.ext2 (8) - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
mkfs.ext3 (8) - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
mkfs.ext4 (8) - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
mkfs.ext4dev (8) - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
mkfs.minix (8) - make a Linux MINIX filesystem
mkfs.msdos (8) - create an MS-DOS file system under Linux
mkfs.ntfs (8) - create an NTFS file system
mkfs.reiserfs (8) - The create tool for the Linux ReiserFS filesystem.
mkfs.vfat (8) - create an MS-DOS file system under Linux
mkfs.xfs (8) - construct an XFS filesystem
mklost+found (8) - create a lost+found directory on a mounted Linux secon...
mknod (1) - make block or character special files
mknod (2) - create a special or ordinary file
mknodat (2) - create a special or ordinary file relative to a direct...
mkntfs (8) - create an NTFS file system
mkostemp (3) - create a unique temporary file
mkreiserfs (8) - The create tool for the Linux ReiserFS filesystem.
mkstemp (3) - create a unique temporary file
mktemp (1) - create a temporary file or directory
mktemp (3) - make a unique temporary filename
mkzftree (1) - Create a zisofs/RockRidge compressed file tree
mlocate (1) - find files by name
mmap (2) - map or unmap files or devices into memory
mmap2 (2) - map files or devices into memory
mmap64 (3) - map files or devices into memory
mmove (1) - move or rename an MSDOS file or subdirectory
modprobe.conf (5) - Configuration directory/file for modprobe
modprobe.d (5) - Configuration directory/file for modprobe
mono-config (5) - Mono runtime file format configuration
more (1) - file perusal filter for crt viewing
mount (2) - mount file system
mount (8) - mount a filesystem
mountall (8) - Mount filesystems during boot
mounted (7) - event signalling that a filesystem has been mounted
mounting (7) - event signalling that a filesystem is mounting
mren (1) - rename an existing MSDOS file
mshowfat (1) - shows FAT clusters allocated to file
msync (2) - synchronize a file with a memory map
mtools (5) - mtools configuration files
mtools.conf (5) - mtools configuration files
mtype (1) - display contents of an MSDOS file
munmap (2) - map or unmap files or devices into memory
mv (1) - move (rename) files
namespace.conf (5) - the namespace configuration file
nanorc (5) - GNU nano's rcfile
nautilus (1) - the GNOME File Manager
nautilus-file-management-properties (1) - File Management Preferences
nautilus-sendto (1) - convenience application to send a file via email or in...
netkit-ftp (1) - Internet file transfer program
NetworkManager.conf (5) - NetworkManager configuration file
nftw (3) - file tree walk
nl (1) - number lines of files
nm (1) - list symbols from object files
nm-system-settings.conf (5) - Deprecated NetworkManager configuration file
nsswitch.conf (5) - System Databases and Name Service Switch configuration...
ntfs-3g.usermap (8) - NTFS Building a User Mapping File
ntfscat (8) - print NTFS files and streams on the standard output
ntfscluster (8) - identify files in a specified region of an NTFS volume.
ntfscmp (8) - compare two NTFS filesystems and tell the differences
ntfscp (8) - copy file to an NTFS volume.
ntfsinfo (8) - dump a file's attributes
ntfslabel (8) - display/change the label on an ntfs file system
ntfsls (8) - list directory contents on an NTFS filesystem
ntfsresize (8) - resize an NTFS filesystem without data loss
ntfsundelete (8) - recover a deleted file from an NTFS volume.
objcopy (1) - copy and translate object files
objdump (1) - display information from object files.
od (1) - dump files in octal and other formats
oldfind (1) - search for files in a directory hierarchy
oldlstat (2) - get file status
oldstat (2) - get file status
open (2) - open and possibly create a file or device
openat (2) - open a file relative to a directory file descriptor
pam-auth-update (8) - manage PAM configuration using packaged profiles
pam.conf (5) - PAM configuration files
pam.d (5) - PAM configuration files
pam_env.conf (5) - the environment variables config file
pam_issue (8) - PAM module to add issue file to user prompt
pam_listfile (8) - deny or allow services based on an arbitrary file
pam_motd (8) - Display the motd file
pam_umask (8) - PAM module to set the file mode creation mask
paplay (1) - Play back audio files on a PulseAudio sound server
passwd (5) - the password file
paste (1) - merge lines of files
path_resolution (2) - how a pathname is resolved to a file
path_resolution (7) - how a pathname is resolved to a file
pathchk (1) - check whether file names are valid or portable
pathconf (3) - get configuration values for files
pdftohtml (1) - program to convert pdf files into html, xml and png im...
peekfd (1) - peek at file descriptors of running processes
pf2afm (1) - Make an AFM file from Postscript (PFB/PFA/PFM) font fi...
pftp (1) - Internet file transfer program
pg (1) - browse pagewise through text files
pivot_root (2) - change the root file system
pivot_root (8) - change the root file system
pkcs12 (1ssl) - PKCS#12 file utility
pl2pm (1) - Rough tool to translate Perl4 .pl files to Perl5 .pm m...
pod2html (1) - convert .pod files to .html files
podchecker (1) - check the syntax of POD format documentation files
poll (2) - wait for some event on a file descriptor
posix_fadvise (2) - predeclare an access pattern for file data
posix_fallocate (3) - allocate file space
ppoll (2) - wait for some event on a file descriptor
pppdump (8) - convert PPP record file to readable format
pr (1) - convert text files for printing
pread (2) - read from or write to a file descriptor at a given offset
pread64 (2) - read from or write to a file descriptor at a given offset
preconv (1) - convert encoding of input files to something GNU troff...
prename (1) - renames multiple files
print (1) - execute programs via entries in the mailcap file
printer-profile (1) - Profile using X-Rite ColorMunki and Argyll CMS
printers.conf (5) - printer configuration file for cups
proc (5) - process information pseudo-file system
profil (3) - execution time profile
projid (5) - the project name mapping file
protoc (1) - compile protocol buffer description files
protocols (5) - the protocols definition file
ptx (1) - produce a permuted index of file contents
pulse-client.conf (5) - PulseAudio client configuration file
pulse-daemon.conf (5) - PulseAudio daemon configuration file
putgrent (3) - write a group database entry to a file
putpwent (3) - write a password file entry
putspent (3) - get shadow password file entry
pututline (3) - access utmp file entries
pututxline (3) - access utmp file entries
putwc (3) - write a wide character to a FILE stream
pwck (8) - verify integrity of password files
pwrite64 (2) - read from or write to a file descriptor at a given offset
py_compilefiles (1) - byte-compile python .py files
pyclean (1) - removes .pyc and .pyo files
pycompile (1) - byte compiles Python source files
rcp (1) - secure copy (remote file copy program)
read (2) - read from a file descriptor
readahead (2) - perform file readahead into page cache
readelf (1) - Displays information about ELF files.
readlink (1) - print value of a symbolic link or canonical file name
readlinkat (2) - read value of a symbolic link relative to a directory ...
readprofile (1) - a tool to read kernel profiling information
regdbdump (8) - parse and print out regulatory rules file
reiserfsck (8) - The checking tool for the ReiserFS filesystem.
reiserfstune (8) - The tunning tool for the ReiserFS filesystem.
remap_file_pages (2) - create a nonlinear file mapping
remote-filesystems (7) - event signalling that remote filesystems have been m...
remove (3) - remove a file or directory
rename (1) - renames multiple files
rename (2) - change the name or location of a file
rename.ul (1) - Rename files
renameat (2) - rename a file relative to directory file descriptors
request-key.conf (5) - Instantiation handler configuration file
resize2fs (8) - ext2/ext3/ext4 file system resizer
resize_reiserfs (8) - resizer tool for the ReiserFS filesystem
resolv.conf (5) - resolver configuration file
resolver (5) - resolver configuration file
rev (1) - reverse lines of a file or files
rhythmbox (1) - music player and library for tagged files using GStreamer
rm (1) - remove files or directories
rsyncd.conf (5) - configuration file for rsync in daemon mode
rsyslog.conf (5) - rsyslogd(8) configuration file
run-mailcap (1) - execute programs via entries in the mailcap file
samba (7) - A Windows SMB/CIFS fileserver for UNIX
sane-find-scanner (1) - find SCSI and USB scanners and their device files
savelog (8) - save a log file
scp (1) - secure copy (remote file copy program)
sdiff (1) - side-by-side merge of file differences
securetty (5) - file which lists ttys from which root can log in
see (1) - execute programs via entries in the mailcap file
sendfile (2) - transfer data between file descriptors
sendfile64 (2) - transfer data between file descriptors
sensors.conf (5) - libsensors configuration file
sepermit.conf (5) - configuration file for the pam_sepermit module
setfsgid (2) - set group identity used for file system checks
setfsgid32 (2) - set group identity used for file system checks
setfsuid (2) - set user identity used for file system checks
setfsuid32 (2) - set user identity used for file system checks
setgrent (3) - get group file entry
setmntent (3) - get file system descriptor file entry
setpwent (3) - get password file entry
setspent (3) - get shadow password file entry
setttyent (3) - get ttys file entry
setup (2) - setup devices and file systems, mount root file system
setutent (3) - access utmp file entries
setutxent (3) - access utmp file entries
sftp (1) - secure file transfer program
sgetspent (3) - get shadow password file entry
sgetspent_r (3) - get shadow password file entry
shred (1) - overwrite a file to hide its contents, and optionally ...
signalfd (2) - create a file descriptor for accepting signals
signalfd4 (2) - create a file descriptor for accepting signals
smb.conf (5) - The configuration file for the Samba suite
smbcacls (1) - Set or get ACLs on an NT file or directory names
smbget (1) - wget-like utility for download files over SMB
smbgetrc (5) - configuration file for smbget
smbpasswd (5) - The Samba encrypted password file
smbspool (8) - send a print file to an SMB printer
snmp.conf (5snmp) - configuration files for the Net-SNMP applications
snmp_config (5snmp) - handling of Net-SNMP configuration files
sort (1) - sort lines of text files
split (1) - split a file into pieces
spufs (7) - the SPU file system
ssh_config (5) - OpenSSH SSH client configuration files
stat (1) - display file or file system status
stat (2) - get file status
stat64 (2) - get file status
statfs (2) - get file system statistics
statfs64 (2) - get file system statistics
statvfs (2) - get file system statistics
stdio_ext (3) - interfaces to stdio FILE structure
strings (1) - print the strings of printable characters in files.
strip (1) - Discard symbols from object files.
subdomain.conf (5) - configuration file for fine-tuning the behavior of the...
subscriptions.conf (5) - subscriptions file for cups
suffixes (7) - list of file suffixes
sum (1) - checksum and count the blocks in a file
swapoff (2) - start/stop swapping to file/device
swapon (2) - start/stop swapping to file/device
swapon (8) - enable/disable devices and files for paging and swapping
switch_root (8) - switch to another filesystem as the root of the mount ...
symlink (2) - make a new name for a file
symlinkat (2) - create a symbolic link relative to a directory file de...
sync (1) - flush file system buffers
sync_file_range (2) - sync a file segment with disk
sysctl.conf (5) - sysctl(8) preload/configuration file
sysfs (2) - get file system type information
syslinux (1) - install the SYSLINUX bootloader on a FAT filesystem
tac (1) - concatenate and print files in reverse
tail (1) - output the last part of files
tailf (1) - follow the growth of a log file
tap2deb (1) - create Debian packages which wrap .tap files
tap2rpm (1) - create RPM packages which wrap .tap files
tar (5) - format of tape archive files
tee (1) - read from standard input and write to standard output ...
tempfile (1) - create a temporary file in a safe manner
tempnam (3) - create a name for a temporary file
term (5) - format of compiled term file.
test (1) - check file types and compare values
testparm (1) - check an smb.conf configuration file for internal corr...
testparm.samba3 (1) - check an smb.conf configuration file for internal corr...
time.conf (5) - configuration file for the pam_time module
timerfd_create (2) - timers that notify via file descriptors
timerfd_gettime (2) - timers that notify via file descriptors
timerfd_settime (2) - timers that notify via file descriptors
tmpfile (3) - create a temporary file
tmpnam (3) - create a name for a temporary file
touch (1) - change file timestamps
truncate (1) - shrink or extend the size of a file to the specified size
truncate (2) - truncate a file to a specified length
truncate64 (2) - truncate a file to a specified length
tty (1) - print the file name of the terminal connected to stand...
ttyslot (3) - find the slot of the current user's terminal in some file
tune2fs (8) - adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4...
tzfile (5) - time zone information
ubuntu-bug (1) - file a bug report using Apport, or update an existing ...
ucf (1) - Update Configuration File: preserve user changes in co...
ucf.conf (5) - site-wide configuration file for ucf
ucfr (1) - Update Configuration File Registry: associate packages...
ulckpwdf (3) - get shadow password file entry
umask (2) - set file mode creation mask
umount (2) - unmount file system
umount (8) - unmount file systems
umount2 (2) - unmount file system
uncompress (1) - compress or expand files
unconfined (8) - output a list of processes with tcp or udp ports that ...
ungetwc (3) - push back a wide character onto a FILE stream
unlink (1) - call the unlink function to remove the specified file
unlink (2) - delete a name and possibly the file it refers to
unlinkat (2) - remove a directory entry relative to a directory file ...
unxz (1) - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
unzip (1) - list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive
update-catalog (8) - create or update entry in SGML catalog file
update-fonts-alias (8) - compile fonts.alias files
update-fonts-dir (8) - compile fonts.dir files
update-fonts-scale (8) - generate fonts.scale files
update-initramfs.conf (5) - configuration file for update-initramfs
update-pangox-aliases (8) - Update wrapper script for the Pango X aliases file.
update-xmlcatalog (8) - maintain XML catalog files
updatedb.conf (5) - a configuration file for updatedb(8)
updwtmp (3) - append an entry to the wtmp file
updwtmpx (3) - append an entry to the wtmp file
ureadahead (8) - Read files in advance during boot
URI::file (3pm) - URI that maps to local file names
userdel (8) - delete a user account and related files
ustat (2) - get file system statistics
utime (2) - change file last access and modification times
utimensat (2) - change file timestamps with nanosecond precision
utimes (2) - change file last access and modification times
utmpname (3) - access utmp file entries
utmpxname (3) - access utmp file entries
vdprintf (3) - print to a file descriptor
vigr (8) - edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-gr...
vimdiff (1) - edit two, three or four versions of a file with Vim an...
vipw (8) - edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-gr...
virtual-filesystems (7) - event signalling that virtual filesystems have been...
visudo (8) - edit the sudoers file
vstp (1) - VisioBraille file transferring
wc (1) - print newline, word, and byte counts for each file
whereis (1) - locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a...
wipefs (8) - wipe a filesystem signature from a device
wpa_supplicant.conf (5) - configuration file for wpa_supplicant
write (2) - write to a file descriptor
WWW::RobotRules::AnyDBM_File (3pm) - Persistent RobotRules
xauth (1) - X authority file utility
xdg-mime (1) - command line tool for querying information about file ...
xdg-open (1) - opens a file or URL in the users preferred application
xfs (5) - layout of the XFS filesystem
xfs_admin (8) - change parameters of an XFS filesystem
xfs_bmap (8) - print block mapping for an XFS file
xfs_check (8) - check XFS filesystem consistency
xfs_copy (8) - copy the contents of an XFS filesystem
xfs_db (8) - debug an XFS filesystem
xfs_estimate (8) - estimate the space that an XFS filesystem will take
xfs_freeze (8) - suspend access to an XFS filesystem
xfs_fsr (8) - filesystem reorganizer for XFS
xfs_growfs (8) - expand an XFS filesystem
xfs_info (8) - expand an XFS filesystem
xfs_io (8) - debug the I/O path of an XFS filesystem
xfs_logprint (8) - print the log of an XFS filesystem
xfs_mdrestore (8) - restores an XFS metadump image to a filesystem image
xfs_metadump (8) - copy XFS filesystem metadata to a file
xfs_mkfile (8) - create an XFS file
xfs_quota (8) - manage use of quota on XFS filesystems
xfs_repair (8) - repair an XFS filesystem
xml2po (1) - program to create a PO-template file from a DocBook XM...
xmlcatalog (1) - Command line tool to parse and manipulate XML or SGML ...
xscreensaver-getimage-file (1) - put a randomly-selected image on the root wi...
xz (1) - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
xzcat (1) - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
xzcmp (1) - compare compressed files
xzdiff (1) - compare compressed files
xzegrep (1) - search compressed files for a regular expression
xzfgrep (1) - search compressed files for a regular expression
xzless (1) - view xz or lzma compressed (text) files
xzmore (1) - view xz or lzma compressed (text) files
zcat (1) - compress or expand files
zcmp (1) - compare compressed files
zdiff (1) - compare compressed files
zegrep (1) - search possibly compressed files for a regular expression
zfgrep (1) - search possibly compressed files for a regular expression
zforce (1) - force a '.gz' extension on all gzip files
zgrep (1) - search possibly compressed files for a regular expression
zip (1) - package and compress (archive) files
zipcloak (1) - encrypt entries in a zipfile
zipgrep (1) - search files in a ZIP archive for lines matching a pat...
zipnote (1) - write the comments in zipfile to stdout, edit comments...
zipsplit (1) - split a zipfile into smaller zipfiles
zless (1) - file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text
zmore (1) - file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text
znew (1) - recompress .Z files to .gz files
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ man
PASSWD(5) File Formats and Conversions PASSWD(5)
NAME
passwd - the password file
DESCRIPTION
/etc/passwd contains one line for each user account, with seven fields
deli ited y olo s : . These fields are:
· login name
· numerical user ID
· numerical group ID
· user name or comment field
· user home directory
· optional user command interpreter
Manual page passwd(5) line 1
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$
PASSWD(5) File Formats and Conversions PASSWD(5)
NAME
passwd - the password file
DESCRIPTION
/etc/passwd contains one line for each user account, with seven fields
deli ited y olo s : . These fields are:
· login name
· optional encrypted password
· numerical user ID
· user name or comment field
· user home directory
· optional user command interpreter
Manual page passwd(5) line 1
Percobaan 7 : Menghapus layar
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ clear
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$
Percobaan 8 : Mencari perintah yang deskripsinya mengandung kata kunci yang dicari.
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ apropos date
updatedb.conf (5) - a configuration file for updatedb(8)
aa-update-browser (8) - update browser profiles with browser abstractions
apport-bug (1) - file a bug report using Apport, or update an existing ...
apport-collect (1) - file a bug report using Apport, or update an existing ...
asctime (3) - transform date and time to broken-down time or ASCII
asctime_r (3) - transform date and time to broken-down time or ASCII
byobu-reconnect-sockets (1) - Sourcable script that updates GPG_AGENT_INFO an...
cal (1) - displays a calendar and the date of Easter
catman (8) - create or update the pre-formatted manual pages
chgpasswd (8) - update group passwords in batch mode
chpasswd (8) - update passwords in batch mode
ctime (3) - transform date and time to broken-down time or ASCII
ctime_r (3) - transform date and time to broken-down time or ASCII
date (1) - print or set the system date and time
Date::Format (3pm) - Date formating subroutines
Date::Language (3pm) - Language specific date formating and parsing
Date::Language::Hungarian (3pm) - Magyar format for Date::Format
Date::Parse (3pm) - Parse date strings into time values
ddate (1) - converts Gregorian dates to Discordian dates
desktop-file-validate (1) - validate a .desktop file
elfedit (1) - Update the ELF header of ELF files.
feupdateenv (3) - floating-point rounding and exception handling
ftime (3) - return date and time
getdate (3) - convert a date-plus-time string to broken-down time
getdate_err (3) - convert a date-plus-time string to broken-down time
getdate_r (3) - convert a date-plus-time string to broken-down time
ginstall-info (1) - update info/dir entries
Glib::ParamSpec (3pm) - Wrapper to encapsulate metadate needed to specify par...
gmtime (3) - transform date and time to broken-down time or ASCII
gmtime_r (3) - transform date and time to broken-down time or ASCII
Gnome2::DateEdit (3pm) - wrapper for GnomeDateEdit
gtk-update-icon-cache (1) - Icon theme caching utility
hp-timedate (1) - Time/Date Utility
HTTP::Date (3pm) - date conversion routines
ip6tables-apply (8) - a safer way to update iptables remotely
iptables-apply (8) - a safer way to update iptables remotely
localtime (3) - transform date and time to broken-down time or ASCII
localtime_r (3) - transform date and time to broken-down time or ASCII
Mail::Field::Date (3pm) - a date header field
mandb (8) - create or update the manual page index caches
mktime (3) - transform date and time to broken-down time or ASCII
ncal (1) - displays a calendar and the date of Easter
nsupdate (1) - Dynamic DNS update utility
ntpdate (8) - set the date and time via NTP
ntpdate-debian (8) - set the date and time via NTP
pam-auth-update (8) - manage PAM configuration using packaged profiles
pam_lastlog (8) - PAM module to display date of last login
strftime (3) - format date and time
ubuntu-bug (1) - file a bug report using Apport, or update an existing ...
ucf (1) - Update Configuration File: preserve user changes in co...
ucfr (1) - Update Configuration File Registry: associate packages...
unix_update (8) - Helper binary that updates the password of a given user
update-alternatives (8) - maintain symbolic links determining default commands
update-apt-xapian-index (8) - rebuild the Apt Xapian Index
update-binfmts (8) - maintain registry of executable binary formats
update-ca-certificates (8) - update /etc/ssl/certs and certificates.crt
update-catalog (8) - create or update entry in SGML catalog file
update-default-aspell (8) - rebuild aspell database and emacsen stuff
update-default-ispell (8) - update default ispell dictionary
update-default-wordlist (8) - update default wordlist
update-dictcommon-aspell (8) - rebuild aspell database and emacsen stuff
update-dictcommon-hunspell (8) - rebuild hunspell database and emacsen stuff
update-fonts-alias (8) - compile fonts.alias files
update-fonts-dir (8) - compile fonts.dir files
update-fonts-scale (8) - generate fonts.scale files
update-gconf-defaults (8) - generate GConf defaults shipped in Debian packages
update-grub (8) - stub for grub-mkconfig
update-grub2 (8) - stub for update-grub
update-icon-caches (8) - Update wrapper script for the icon caches
update-inetd (8) - create, remove, enable or disable entry in /etc/inetd....
update-info-dir (8) - (re-)create /usr/share/info/dir from all installed inf...
update-initramfs.conf (5) - configuration file for update-initramfs
update-manager (8) - graphical management of software packages updates
update-mime (8) - create or update MIME information
update-mime-database (1) - a program to build the Shared MIME-Info database c...
update-motd (5) - dynamic MOTD generation
update-openoffice-dicts (8) - rebuild dictionary.lst for OpenOffice.org
update-pangox-aliases (8) - Update wrapper script for the Pango X aliases file.
update-passwd (8) - safely update /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow and /etc/group
update-pciids (8) - download new version of the PCI ID list
update-python-modules (8) - byte-compile python modules
update-rc.d (8) - install and remove System-V style init script links
update-rc.d-insserv (8) - obsolete
update-software-center (8) - Update the database for software-center
update-usbids (8) - download new version of the USB ID list
update-xmlcatalog (8) - maintain XML catalog files
updatedb (8) - update a database for mlocate
useradd (8) - create a new user or update default new user information
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ apropos mail
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ apropos mail
mailcap.order (5) - the mailcap ordering specifications
bogolexer (1) - Utility program for separating email messages into tokens
bogolexer-bdb (1) - Utility program for separating email messages into tokens
bsd-from (1) - print names of those who have sent mail
compose (1) - execute programs via entries in the mailcap file
edit (1) - execute programs via entries in the mailcap file
evolution (1) - groupware suite for GNOME containing e-mail, calendar,...
from (1) - print names of those who have sent mail
lockfile-check (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ...
lockfile-create (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ...
lockfile-remove (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ...
lockfile-touch (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ...
logrotate (8) - rotates, compresses, and mails system logs
mail-lock (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ...
mail-touchlock (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ...
mail-unlock (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ...
Mail::Address (3pm) - Parse mail addresses
Mail::Cap (3pm) - Parse mailcap files
Mail::Field (3pm) - Base class for manipulation of mail header fields
Mail::Field::AddrList (3pm) - object representation of e-mail address lists
Mail::Field::Date (3pm) - a date header field
Mail::Field::Generic (3pm) - implementation for inspecific fields
Mail::Filter (3pm) - Filter mail through multiple subroutines
Mail::Header (3pm) - manipulate MIME headers
Mail::Internet (3pm) - manipulate email messages
Mail::Mailer (3pm) - Simple interface to electronic mailing mechanisms
Mail::Send (3pm) - Simple electronic mail interface
Mail::Util (3pm) - mail utility functions
mailaddr (7) - mail addressing description
mailcap (5) - metamail capabilities file
mailname (5) - the visible mail name of the system
mailto.conf (5) - configuration file for cups email notifier
nautilus-sendto (1) - convenience application to send a file via email or in...
pam_mail (8) - Inform about available mail
print (1) - execute programs via entries in the mailcap file
run-mailcap (1) - execute programs via entries in the mailcap file
see (1) - execute programs via entries in the mailcap file
xbiff (1) - mailbox flag for X
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ aprospos telnet
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ apropos telnet
telnet (1) - user interface to the TELNET protocol
telnet.netkit (1) - user interface to the TELNET protocol
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$
Percobaan 9 : Mencari perintah yang tepat sama dengan kunci yang dicari.
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ whatis date
date (1) - print or set the system date and time
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$
Percobaan 10 : Manipulasi berkas (file) dan direktori
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ ls
Desktop Downloads Music Public Videos
Documents examples.desktop Pictures Templates
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ ls -l
total 36
drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x 3 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:13 Documents
drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Downloads
-rw-r--r-- 1 anistofa anistofa 179 2014-03-09 10:55 examples.desktop
drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Music
drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Public
drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Templates
drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Videos
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$
Desktop Downloads Music Public Videos
Documents examples.desktop Pictures Templates
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ ls -l
total 36
drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x 3 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:13 Documents
drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Downloads
-rw-r--r-- 1 anistofa anistofa 179 2014-03-09 10:55 examples.desktop
drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Music
drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Public
drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Templates
drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Videos
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ ls -a
. Documents .gtk-bookmarks Public
.. Downloads .gvfs .pulse
.bash_history .esd_auth .ICEauthority .pulse-cookie
.bash_logout examples.desktop .local .recently-used.xbel
.bashrc .fontconfig Music Templates
.cache .gconf .nautilus .thumbnails
.config .gconfd .openoffice.org Videos
.dbus .gnome2 Pictures .xsession-errors
Desktop .gstreamer-0.10 .profile .xsession-errors.old
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ ls -f
.bash_history . .pulse .local
Public .thumbnails .fontconfig .gvfs
Videos .gstreamer-0.10 .nautilus Downloads
Templates .openoffice.org .. Music
.gnome2 .gconf examples.desktop .cache
.xsession-errors.old .bashrc .bash_logout Documents
.xsession-errors .dbus Pictures .gtk-bookmarks
.recently-used.xbel .ICEauthority .esd_auth .config
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ ls /usr
bin games include lib local sbin share src
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ ls /
bin dev initrd.img media proc selinux tmp vmlinuz
boot etc lib mnt root srv usr
cdrom home lost+found opt sbin sys var
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ ls -f /etc
. profile inputrc
.. wgetrc chatscripts
rc6.d doc-base ssl
host.conf ld.so.conf.d modprobe.d
gdb zsh_command_not_found wpa_supplicant
rc4.d profile.d usb_modeswitch.d
dbus-1 rsyslog.d groff
couchdb ca-certificates.conf gtk-2.0
mtab debian_version hdparm.conf
gnome manpath.config security
apparmor.d brlapi.key apm
locale.alias kernel-img.conf pam.conf
anacrontab firefox protocols
bluetooth bash_completion networks
kernel iproute2 brltty
speech-dispatcher udev rc.local
xml sysctl.conf hosts.allow
rpc emacs bash.bashrc
checkbox.d gshadow- computer-janitor.d
crontab login.defs apt
cron.hourly pam.d gnome-vfs-2.0
update-notifier foomatic NetworkManager
securetty fuse.conf issue.net
modules gamin magic
wodim.conf acpi localtime
ghostscript adduser.conf pulse
issue grub.d papersize
mime.types gnome-system-tools defoma
kbd sensors3.conf snmp
mailcap.order nanorc avahi
byobu gnome-vfs-mime-magic rc0.d
samba rmt insserv.conf.d
cron.daily mke2fs.conf lftp.conf
hostname pnm2ppa.conf calendar
magic.mime nsswitch.conf w3m
init.d init at.deny
update-motd.d lsb-release mtab.fuselock
ca-certificates cron.monthly hosts.deny
resolvconf python debconf.conf
screenrc skel compizconfig
pango logrotate.conf crypttab
gre.d cups network
netscsid.conf shells opt
xulrunner-1.9.2 hp depmod.d
default bogofilter.cf fonts
deluser.conf passwd gai.conf
cron.d insserv xdg
sound sudoers.d motd
X11 gnome-settings-daemon ufw
blkid.tab shadow- dhcp3
mtools.conf hosts console-setup
.pwd.lock group ConsoleKit
xul-ext rsyslog.conf ppp
alternatives pcmcia update-manager
UPower environment timezone
bindresvport.blacklist resolv.conf gnome-app-install
dictionaries-common usb_modeswitch.conf initramfs-tools
services ldap rc1.d
dpkg sgml blkid.conf
rc5.d rc2.d rc3.d
gconf ifplugd ltrace.conf
obex-data-server insserv.conf bonobo-activation
ssh shadow gshadow
kerneloops.conf fstab sensors.d
gdm apparmor sudoers
ld.so.conf rcS.d vim
passwd- lsb-base openoffice
dhcp pm polkit-1
apport updatedb.conf terminfo
ld.so.cache sysctl.d ucf.conf
popularity-contest.conf libpaper.d logcheck
lsb-base-logging.sh group- legal
logrotate.d python2.6
anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ ls -l /etc
total 1100
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:12 acpi
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:15 alternatives
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 395 2010-06-20 15:11 anacrontab
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:03 apm
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:11 apparmor
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:15 apparmor.d
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:15 apport
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 2014-03-09 11:00 apt
-rw-r--- 1 root daemon 144 2010-06-28 02:36 at.deny
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:12 avahi
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1939 2010-08-11 02:58 bash.bashrc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 57236 2010-08-07 06:39 bash_completion
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:15 bash_completion.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 344 2010-09-11 00:01 bindresvport.blacklist
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 321 2010-03-23 00:50 blkid.conf
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 2014-03-09 10:44 blkid.tab -> /dev/.blkid.tab
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:12 bluetooth
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7439 2010-07-11 19:57 bogofilter.cf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:10 bonobo-activation
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 33 2010-10-07 23:14 brlapi.key
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12288 2010-10-07 23:14 brltty
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:15 byobu
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:01 ca-certificates
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6332 2010-10-07 23:02 ca-certificates.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:11 calendar
drwxr-s--- 2 root dip 4096 2010-10-07 23:11 chatscripts
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:15 checkbox.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:12 compizconfig
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:15 computer-janitor.d
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:01 ConsoleKit
drwxrwxr-x 4 couchdb couchdb 4096 2010-10-07 23:12 couchdb
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:12 cron.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:15 cron.daily
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 22:58 cron.hourly
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:12 cron.monthly
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 724 2010-08-25 06:01 crontab
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:15 cron.weekly
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 54 2010-10-07 23:17 crypttab
drwxr-xr-x 4 root lp 4096 2010-10-07 23:12 cups
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:10 dbus-1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2969 2010-09-28 04:04 debconf.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12 2010-04-23 16:45 debian_version
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2014-03-09 10:59 default
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:09 defoma
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 600 2010-01-27 17:26 deluser.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 22:58 depmod.d
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:08 dhcp
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2010-10-07 22:58 dhcp3
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:17 dictionaries-common
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:04 doc-base
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2010-10-07 22:57 dpkg
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:03 emacs
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 79 2010-10-07 22:57 environment
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:05 firefox
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:02 fonts
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:10 foomatic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 681 2014-03-09 10:44 fstab
-rw-r--- 1 root fuse 216 2010-09-27 16:20 fuse.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3343 2010-09-11 00:02 gai.conf
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:00 gconf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:13 gdb
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 2014-03-09 10:56 gdm
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:04 ghostscript
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:10 gnome
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:12 gnome-app-install
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:01 gnome-settings-daemon
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:14 gnome-system-tools
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:00 gnome-vfs-2.0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10852 2007-04-28 09:27 gnome-vfs-mime-magic
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:11 gre.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:11 groff
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 856 2014-03-09 10:56 group
-rw--- 1 root root 848 2014-03-09 10:56 group-
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:13 grub.d
-rw-r--- 1 root shadow 714 2014-03-09 10:56 gshadow
-rw--- 1 root root 706 2014-03-09 10:56 gshadow-
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:02 gtk-2.0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4728 2010-06-15 07:09 hdparm.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 92 2010-04-23 16:45 host.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20 2014-03-09 10:55 hostname
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 580 2010-10-07 23:10 hosts.allow
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 880 2010-10-07 23:10 hosts.deny
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:15 hp
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:08 ifplugd
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2014-03-09 10:59 init
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2014-03-09 10:59 init.d
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 2010-10-07 22:58 initramfs-tools
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2010-05-09 21:49 insserv
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 882 2010-05-09 21:49 insserv.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-05-09 21:49 insserv.conf.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 22:58 iproute2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20 2010-10-07 16:15 issue
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 2010-10-07 16:15 issue.net
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 22:58 kbd
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:08 kernel
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 111 2014-03-09 10:57 kernel-img.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1309 2010-10-01 16:37 kerneloops.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:02 ldap
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 50194 2014-03-09 11:00 ld.so.cache
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 34 2010-10-07 22:56 ld.so.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:11 ld.so.conf.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 267 2010-04-23 16:45 legal
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3587 2010-05-09 22:03 lftp.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-05-09 22:44 libpaper.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2570 2010-08-05 22:57 locale.alias
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 344 2014-03-09 10:55 localtime
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2010-10-07 22:58 logcheck
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10788 2010-09-03 17:28 login.defs
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 599 2009-02-19 18:57 logrotate.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:15 logrotate.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-02-23 17:51 lsb-base
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3239 2009-12-04 18:46 lsb-base-logging.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 101 2010-10-07 15:47 lsb-release
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15752 2009-07-25 22:13 ltrace.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 111 2010-04-01 14:28 magic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 111 2010-04-01 14:28 magic.mime
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 449 2010-06-02 04:21 mailcap.order
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5173 2010-08-17 22:10 manpath.config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 22275 2010-06-02 04:21 mime.types
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 801 2010-08-18 23:00 mke2fs.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:12 modprobe.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 198 2014-03-09 10:56 modules
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:15 mono
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 2014-03-09 10:44 motd -> /var/run/motd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 797 2014-03-09 12:25 mtab
-rw--- 1 root anistofa 0 2014-03-09 11:29 mtab.fuselock
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 624 2010-05-16 18:07 mtools.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8453 2010-05-09 23:32 nanorc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2064 2006-11-24 02:33 netscsid.conf
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 2010-10-07 22:58 network
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:15 NetworkManager
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 91 2010-04-23 16:45 networks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 513 2010-10-07 23:13 nsswitch.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:13 obex-data-server
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:03 openoffice
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 22:56 opt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 552 2010-08-17 09:47 pam.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2014-03-09 10:59 pam.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:02 pango
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7 2014-03-09 10:56 papersize
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1631 2014-03-09 12:23 passwd
-rw--- 1 root root 1606 2014-03-09 10:56 passwd-
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:14 pcmcia
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2010-10-07 22:59 perl
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:03 pm
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:01 polkit-1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 350 2014-03-09 10:56 popularity-contest.conf
drwxr-xr-x 8 root dip 4096 2010-10-07 23:14 ppp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 497 2010-10-07 22:57 profile
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:11 profile.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2626 2009-12-03 23:11 protocols
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:13 pulse
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 22:58 python
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 22:57 python2.6
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2014-03-09 10:59 rc0.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:14 rc1.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:14 rc2.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:14 rc3.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:14 rc4.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:14 rc5.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2014-03-09 10:59 rc6.d
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drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:14 rcS.d
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:03 resolvconf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 30 2014-03-09 12:25 resolv.conf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 268 2010-06-15 16:51 rmt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 887 2009-12-03 23:11 rpc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1217 2010-02-25 01:26 rsyslog.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:11 rsyslog.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:13 samba
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:14 sane.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3663 2010-06-18 19:42 screenrc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1192 2010-09-03 17:28 securetty
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2010-10-07 22:57 security
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:13 sensors.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18832 2009-12-03 23:11 services
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:10 sgml
-rw-r--- 1 root shadow 1012 2014-03-09 10:56 shadow
-rw--- 1 root root 915 2014-03-09 10:55 shadow-
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 181 2010-10-07 23:12 shells
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:12 skel
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:13 snmp
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:00 sound
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:13 speech-dispatcher
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:11 ssh
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:02 ssl
-r--r--- 1 root root 567 2014-03-09 10:56 sudoers
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 22:58 sudoers.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2084 2010-06-09 01:38 sysctl.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 22:58 sysctl.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 22:57 terminfo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 2014-03-09 10:55 timezone
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1260 2008-05-30 13:22 ucf.conf
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2010-10-07 22:58 udev
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:11 ufw
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 300 2010-03-24 17:16 updatedb.conf
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:15 update-manager
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:15 update-motd.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-09-03 18:05 update-notifier
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:13 UPower
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 571 2010-09-08 19:30 usb_modeswitch.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 23:14 usb_modeswitch.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-10-07 22:58 vim
