VAN6 DlHASllKAlhl DWRl KULTUR IN VITRO

VAN6

DlHASllKAlhl DWRl KULTUR

IN VITRO

Oleh

SUZANNA LAMRIA SIREGAR A 23. 0 8 0 2

JURUSAN BUD1 DAYA PERTANIAN FAKULTAS PERTANIAN INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

SUZANNA L M R I A SIREGAR.

S t u d i P e r t u m b u h a n d a n P e r k e m b a n g - a n E m b r i o S o m a t i k Kakao ( T h e o b r o m a c a c a o L . ) y a n g D i h a s i l - k a n d a r i K u l t u r I n V i t r o ( d i bawah b i m b i n g a n L I V Y

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SUDIRHAN YAHYA).

P e r c o b a a n i n i b e r t u j u a n m e m p e l a j a r i p e r t u m b u h a n d a n p e r k e m b a n g a n e m b r i o s o m a t i k k a k a o Amelonado p a d a b e r b a g a i t a r a f n i t r o g e n d a n s u k r o s a d a l a m m e d i a M u r a s h i g e - S k o o g (MS) s e r t a m e m p e l a j a r i r e s p o n n y a t e r h a d a p z a t p e n g a t u r t u m b u h NAA. P e r c o b a a n d i l a k s a n a k a n d i L a b o r a t o r i u m K u l t u r J a r i n g - a n J u r u s a n B u d i Daya P e r t a n i a n , I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r , m u l a i Mei 1 9 9 0 s a m p a i F e b r u a r i 1 9 9 1 . P e r c o b a a n d i l a k u k a n dalam t i g a t a h a p . Media d a s a r y a n g d i g u n a k a n u n t u k s e l u - r u h p e r l a k u a n d a l a m p e r c o b a a n i n i a d a l a h m e d i a MS p a d a t . T a h a p pertama a d a l a h p e n a n a m a n e m b r i o z i g o t i k k a k a o u n t u k m e n d a p a t k a n e m b r i o s o m a t i k . M e d i a y a n g d i g u n a k a n dalam t a h a p i n i a d a l a h m e d i a MS p a d a t d i t a m b a h 1 0 % ( v / v ) a i r k e l a p a , 1 . 0 g / l c a s e i n h i d r o l i s a t , 1 . 5 ppm NAA d a n 3 0 g / l s u k r o s a . T a h a p i m i m e n g g u n a k a n 5 0 u l a n g a n d a n t i a p u l a n g a n t e r d i r i d a r i s a t u e m b r i o z i g o t i k k a k a o . T a h a p k e d u a a d a l a h s u b k u l t u r e m b r i o s o m a t i k d a l a m me- d i a p e r l a k u a n n i t r o g e n - s u k r o s a . N i t r o g e n d i b e r i k a n d a l a m b e n t u k ammonium n i t r a t d e n g a n k o n s e n t r a s i 8 2 5 mg/l (N1), 1 6 5 0 mg/l ( N 2 ) d a n 3 3 0 0 m g / l (N3) a t a u s e t a r a d e n g a n 1 / 2 ,

I d a n 2 k a l i k o n s e n t r a s i ammonium n i t r a t d a l a m m e d i a MS s t a n d a r . S u k r o s a d i b e r i k a n d e n g a n k o n s e n t r a s i : 1 5 g / l ( S l ) , 3 0 g / l ( S 2 ) , 6 0 g / l ( S g ) d a n 1 2 0 g / l ( S q ) T i a p p e r l a k u a n d i u l a n g 1 0 k a l i d a n s e t i a p u l a n g a n t e r d i r i d a r i s a t u e m b r i o s o m a t i k k a k a o . T a h a p k e t i g a a d a l a h s u b k u l t u r e m b r i o s o m a t i k k a k a o d a l a m m e d i a p e r l a k u a n N A A . K o n s e n t r a s i NAA y a n g d i b e r i k a n a d a l a h : 0 . 0 ppm. 0 . 1 ppm, 1 . 0 ppm d a n 1 . 5 ppm. K e t i g a p e r l a k u a n d i u l a n g 1 7 k a l i , s e t i a p u l a n g a n t e r d i r i d a r i s a - t u e m b r i o s o m a t i k k a k a o . K u l t u r e m b r i o s o m a t i k k a k a o p a d a s e m u a p e r l a k u a n n i t - r o g e n - s u k r o s a m e n g a l a m i p e r t a m b a h a n p a n j a n g . K u l t u r y a n g membentuk a k a r d i d a p a t k a n p a d a p e r l a k u a n 8 2 5 mg/l ammonium n i t r a t d e n g a n k o n s e n t r a s i s u k r o s a 1 2 0 g / l , p e r l a k u a n 1 6 5 0 m g / l ammonium n i t r a t p a d a t a r a f s u k r o s a 3 0 , 6 0 d a n 1 2 0 g / l d a n p e r l a k u a n 3 3 0 0 m g / l ammonium n i t r a t d e n g a n 6 0 d a n 1 2 0 g / l s u k r o s a . K u l t u r y a n g m e m b e n t u k e m b r i o s o m a t i k k e m b a l i ( b e r e m b r i o g e n e s i s ) d i d a p a t k a n p a d a p e r l a k u a n 8 2 5 n g / l a m - monium n i t r a t d e n g a n 6 0 d a n 1 2 0 g / l s u k r o s a s e r t a p e r l a k u - a n 3 3 0 0 m g / l ammonium n i t r a t d e n g a n 30 g/1 s u k r o s a . E m b r i o s o m a t i k k a k a o p a d a t a h a p k e t i g a m e n g a l a m i p e n - c o k l a t a n , p e m b e n t u k a n a k a r d a n k a l u s . P e n i n g k a t a n k o n s e n - t r a s i N A A m e n y e b a b k a n p e n i n g k a t a n j u m l a h k u l t u r y a n g mem- b e n t u k a k a r d a n k a l u s . Semua p e r l a k u a n d a l a m p e r c o b a a n i n i t i d a k m e n g h a s i l k a n k u l t u r y a n g b e r t u n a s .

STUD1 PERTUHBUWBN D M P E m H B B N G B N EMBRIO SOHATIB ( Theobroma cacao L

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gelar Sarjana P e r t a n i a n pada F a k u l t a s P e r t a n i a n I n s t i t u t P e r t m i a n Bogor

JURUSBN BUD1 DAYA PERTBNIBN PAKULTAS PERTBHIBN INSTITUT P E R T M I A N BOGOR

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INSTITUT PERTBWIBN BOGOR

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JURUSBN

BUD1 DAYA PERTBNIBN

K a m i m e n y a t a k a n bahwa L a p o r a n Karya I l m i a h y a n g d i s u - s u n o l e h :

Nama : SUZANNA LAMRIA SIREGAR

Nomor Pokok : A 23.0802

J u d u l : STUD1 PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN

EMBRIO SOMATIK KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L . )

YANG DIHASILKAN D A R I KULTUR I N VITRO d i t e r i m a s e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u s y a r a t u n t u k m e m p e r o l e h g e l a r S a r j a n a P e r t a n i a n p a d a J u r u s a n B u d i Daya P e r t a n i a n , F a k u l - t a s P e r t a n i a n , I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r .

Dosen Pembimbin Dosen P e m b i n b i n g I1

D r I r S r i S e t y a t i H a r j a d i

RIWAYAT BIDUP

P e n u l i s d i l a h i r k a n d i J a k a r t a p a d a t a n g g a l 1 9 Septem- b e r 1 9 6 8 s e b a g a i a n a k k e d u a d a r i d u a b e r s a u d a r a , p u t r i p a - s a n g a n L . S i r e g a r d a n A . P o h a n . P e n u l i s m e n y e l e s a i k a n p e n d i d i k a n s e k o l a h d a s a r p a d a t a h u n 1 9 8 0 d a r i SD PSKD I1 J a k a r t a , m e l a n j u t k a n p e n d i d i k a n k e SMP N e g e r i 1 J a k a r t a d a n l u l u s t a h u n 1 9 8 3 . P e n u l i s me- nempuh p e n d i d i k a n s e k o l a h l a n j u t a n a t a s d i SMA N e g e r i 4 J a k a r t a d a n l u l u s t a h u n 1 9 8 6 . P a d a t a h u n 1 9 8 6 m e l a l u i j a - l u r P e n e l u s u r a n M i n a t d a n Kemampuan (PMDK), p e n u l i s d i t e - rima d i I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r . S e t a h u n k e m u d i a n , p e n u - lis d i t e r i m a d i J u r u s a n B u d i Daya P e r t a n i a n , P r o g r a m S t u d i A g r o n o m i , P r o g r a m S t u d i K e k h u s u s a n P e r k e b u n a n . P e n u l i s t e r c a t a t s e b a g a i a s i s t e n p r a k t i k u m B i o l o g i Umum d a r i t a h u n a j a r a n 1 9 8 9 / 1 9 9 0 s a m p a i 1 9 9 0 / 1 9 9 1 d a n Bo- t a n i Umum p a d a t a h u n a j a r a n 1 9 9 0 / 1 9 9 1 , k e d u a n y a p a d a J u - r u s a n B i o l o g i , F a k u l t a s M a t e m a t i k a d a n I l m u P e n g e t a h u a n A l a n , I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r .

KATA PENGMTAR P u j i s y u k u r p e n u l i s p a n j a t k a n k e h a d i r a t Tuhan A l l a h k a r e n a h a n y a d e n g a n k a s i h - N y a , p e n u l i s d a p a t m e n y e l e s a i k a n p e n e l i t i a n d a n p e n y u s u n a n l a p o r a n k a r y a i l m i a h i n i . P e n u l i s m e n g h a t u r k a n t e r i m a k a s i h k e p a d a : 1. I b u D r I r L i v y W i n a t a Gunawan d a n B a p a k D r I r S u d i r m a n Y a h y a s e b a g a i d o s e n p e m b i m b i n g y a n g t e l a h membantu p e l a k s a n a a n p e n e l i t i a n d a n p e n y u s u n a n l a p o r a n i n i . 2 . B a p a k D r I r Roedhy P o e r w a n t o d a n B a p a k I r Agus P u r w i t o s e b a g a i d o s e n p e n g u j i y a n g m e m b e r i b a n y a k m a s u k a n b a g i p e r b a i k a n l a p o r a n i n i . 3 . S t a f L a b o r a t o r i u m K u l t u r J a r i n g a n d a n r e k a n - r e k a n m a - h a s i s w a J u r u s a n B u d i D a y a P e r t a n i a n , I P B . 4 . Fanny,SW d a n warga B e l i t u n g 2 1 s e r t a s e m u a p i h a k y a n g t e l a h membantu p e l a k s a n a a n p e n e l i t i a n d a n p e n y u s u n a n l a p o r a n i n i . Semoga l a p o r a n y a n g s e d e r h a n a i n i b e r m a n f a a t b a g i s e - mua p i h a k y a n g m e m b u t u h k a n n y a . B o g o r , A g u s t u s 1 9 9 1 . P e n u l i s