vii
KARAKTERISASI SIMPLISIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS
ANTIINFLAMASIEKSTRAK ETANOL TERIPANG
(Holothuria atra Jaeger) TERHADAPTIKUS PUTIH
JANTAN DIINDUKSI λ
-KARAGENAN
ABSTRAK
Teripang termasuk dalam filum Echinodermata merupakan salah satu biota laut yang banyak ditemukan di perairan Aceh. Teripang (timun laut) di kenal oleh masyarakat di Pulo Kapuk (Pantai Cemara) Lhoknga, Aceh Besar dengan sebutan “kulong”. Sejauh ini pemanfaatan teripang masih belum dilakukan secara optimal, dalam artian masih banyak manfaat teripang yang belum diketahui oleh masyarakat disekitar Pulo Kapuk.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik simplisia teripang Holothuria atra Jaeger, golongan senyawa kimia dan uji aktivitas antiinflamasi terhadap tikus putih jantan yang diinduksi λ-karagenan.
Tahapan penelitian ini meliputi pengumpulan dan pengolahan teripang, karakteristik simplisia, pembuatan ekstrak etanol teripang dengan metode perkolasi dan uji aktivitas antiinflamasi dengan metode paw edem menggunakan alat pletismometer, hewan percobaan 25 ekor tikus dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, masing-masing kelompok berjumlah 5 ekor tikus. Penginduksi digunakan λ -karagenan 1% diberikan secara intraplantar. Natrium-karboksimetilsellulosa (Na-CMC) 0,5% sebagai kontrol negatif, natrium diklofenak dosis 4,50 mg/kg bb sebagai kontrol positif dan ekstrak etanol teripang 200 mg/kg bb, 300 mg/kg bb dan 400 mg/kg bb sebagai bahan uji diberikan secara oral. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 6 jam. Data hasil pengujian dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan ANAVA satu arah dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan.
Hasil karakteristik serbuk simplisia hewan teripang diperoleh kadar air 9,33%, kadar sari larut air 38,96%, kadar sari larut etanol 29,34%, kadar abu total 27,75%, dan kadar abu yang tidak larut dalam asam 4,05%. Hasil pemeriksaan golongan senyawa menunjukkan serbuk simplisia mengandung senyawa saponin, glikosida dan steroid/triterpenoid. Hasil uji antiinflamasi ekstrak etanol teripang (EET), EET dosis 200 mg/kg bb, 300 mg/kg bb dan 400 mg/kg bb memiliki aktivitas sebagai antiinflamasi terhadap radang buatan terhadap telapak kaki tikus yang diinduksi dengan λ-karagenan 1% secara intraplantar. EET dosis 400 mg/kg bb memiliki aktivitas inhibisi radang rata-rata yang paling besar dibandingan EET dosis 300 mg/kg bb dan dosis 200 mg/kg bb. Hasil uji Duncan antara EET dosis 400 mg/kg bb dengan pembanding tidak berbeda nyata (p > 0,05), namun berbeda nyata dengan kontrol (p ≤ 0,05). EET dosis 300 mg/kg tidak berbeda nyata dengan 200 mg/kg bb (p > 0,05), namun berbeda nyata dengan kontrol (p ≤ 0,05).
Kata Kunci : teripang Holothuria atra Jaeger, antiinflamasi, karagenan,
pletismometer.
viii
SIMPLEX CHARACTERIZATION AND EXTRACT ETHANOL ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES TEST OF SEA CUCUMBER
(Holothuria atra Jaeger) TO THE WHITE MALE RATS
INDUCED BY λ-CARRAGEENAN
ABSTRACT
Sea cucumbers belonging to the phylum Echinodermata is one of the most of marine life that found in the waters of Aceh. Sea cucumber is known as “kulong” in Pulo Kapuk (Pine Beach) Lhoknga, Aceh Besar. So far the utilization of sea cucumbers are still not optimal, in case there are many benefits of sea cucumbers are not known yet by the people around Kapuk Pulo.
The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the sea cucumber Holothuria atra Jaeger, chemical compounds and testing of anti-inflammatory activity with λ-carrageenan induced in male rats.
The stages of this research involved the collection and processing of sea cucumbers, characterization simplex, preparation of sea cucumber ethanol extract by percolation method and antiinflammatory activity assay method using a paw
edema pletismometer, 25 rats were used as animal experiment that were divided
into 5 groups, each group had 5 rats. λ-carrageenan 1% was used as inducer that was given intraplantarly of carboksimetilsellulosa sodium (Na-CMC) 0.5% as a negative control, diclofenac sodium at dose of 4.50 mg/kg bw as a positive control and the ethanol extract of sea cucumber 200 mg/kg bw, 300 mg/kg bw and 400 mg/kg bw as the test material were administered orally. Observations carried out for 6 hours. The data were statistically analyzed by used one-way ANOVA and followed by Duncan test.
The results of the characteristics of sea cucumber simplex powder were obtained water content of 9.33%, water soluble extract content was 38.96%, ethanol soluble extract content was 29.34%, total ash content was 27.75%, and acid insoluble ash content was 4.05%. Screening of chemical compounds showed that simplex powder contained saponins, glycosides and steroid/triterpenoid. The test results of antiinflammatory ethanolic extract of sea cucumber (EET), EET at dose of 200 mg/kg bw, 300 mg/kg bw and 400 mg/kg bw shoated antiinflammatory activity of the artificial inflammation on rats paw that was induced by intraplantarly injection of 1% λ-carrageenan. EET dose of 400 mg/kg bw reucalced the greatest activity of average inflammatory inhibition that was compared to EET a dose of 300 mg/kg bw and 200 mg/kg bw. Duncan test between EET dose of 400 mg/kg bw and the positive control was not significantly different (p > 0.05), but significantly different from the negative control (p ≤ 0.05). EET dose of 300 mg/kg was not significantly different from the 200 mg/kg bw (p> 0.05), but significantly different from the negative control (p ≤ 0.05).
Keywords: sea cucumber Holothuria atra Jaeger, antiinflammatory, carrageenan,
pletismometer.
