Presented
By : DR Tumiran
Member of
The National Energy Council Republic of
Indonesia.
Dean Of Engineering Faculty,
Gadjah Mada University.
G E O G R A P H I C S P R E A D
•
INDONESIA IS TE
WORLD’S FOURTH MOST POPULOUS NATION WITH 240 MILLION
PEOPLE
•
IT IS SPREAD OVER A LARGE ARCHIPELAGO TROPICAL REGIONS OF MORE THAN 6000 INHABITED ISLANDS, BUT
BACKGROUND
NATIONAL ENERGY COUNCIL DUTY
ACCORDING TO
UU RI
NOMOR 30 TAHUN 2007
( PASAL 12 AYAT 2 )
INDONESIA N ENERGY CONDITION
National Energy
Security and
Sustainability
1
TO DESIGN AND FORMULATE THE
NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY To be
Adopted by Government with Approval of
the House of People’s Representatives,
2
TO DETERMINE NATIONAL ENERGY
Planning PROPOSED BY THE
GOVERNMENT
3
To Determine the Crisis and Emergency of
National Energy Condition and Taken a
necessary action.
4
TO MONITOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF
CROSS-SECTORAL ENERGY POLICY
1. INDONESIA HAS AN ABUNDANT ENERGY
RESOURCES.
2. OIL FUEL CONSUMPTION IS STILL DOMINANT,
CONSISTING 47% OF TOTAL ENERGY
CONSUMPTION
3. LARGE QUANTITIES OF ENERGY are Exported.
DATA:
CRUDE OIL EXPORTted IN 2008: 399 THOUSAND
BARRELS A DAY, DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION :
248,19 THOUSAND BARRELS A DAY AND
CRUDE OIL IMPORTS IN 2008: 254THOUSAND
BARRELS A DAY
EXPORTS OF NATURAL GAS IN 2008: 4.114,3
MMSCFD PER DAY, DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION:
3.769,2 MMSCFD PER DAY
EXPORTS OF COAL: 211 MILLION TONS PER
YEAR, DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION: 75,43
MILLION TONS PER YEAR
4. FOR GAS AND COAL, EXPORT MARKET PRICE
ARE HIGHER THAN DOMESTIC MARKET
5. DOMESTIC LOW PURCHASING POWER ON
COAL AND GAS, AND NO FISCAL OR
NON-FISCAL ECONOMIC INCENTIVE TO
BACKGROUND OF LAW’S
NATIONAL ENERGY COUNCIL (DEN)
1
UUD 1945
UU NO. 30/2007
ABOUT ENERGY
PERPRES NO. 26/2008 about
regulation
National Energy council policy
establisment
MEI 7, 2008
KEPPRES NO. 17/P/ 2009
Appointment of National Energy
council Members
MARCH 18, 2009
KEPPRES NO. 11 / 2009 About
ORGANITATION STRUCTURE DAN
WORKING PROCEDURES OF
GENERAL SECRETARY OF NATIONAL
ENERGY COUNCil
APRIL 22, 2009
PERMEN ESDM NO. 14 TAHUN 2009
ABOUT MAIN TASK OF NATIONAL
ENERGY COUNCIL
JULY 31, 2009
2
CHAIRMAN
: PRESIDENT
VISE CHAIR
: VICE PRESIDENT
DAILY CHAIR
: MINISTER OF ENERGY AND MINERAL
RESOURCES
MEMBERS
7 MINISTER
INDEPENDENT MEMBERS
1. FINANCE MINISTER
2. NATIONAL PLANNING AGENCY
(BAPPENAS)
3. MINISTER OF RESEARCH AND
TECHNOLOGY
4. MINISTER OF TRANSPORTATION
5. MINISTER OF INDUSTRY
6. MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE
7. MINISTER OF ENVIRONMENT
1. IR. AGUSMAN EFFENDI (CONSUMERS);
2. PROF. DR. HERMAN AGUSTIAWAN (CONSUMERS);
3. DR. IR. TUMIRAN, M.ENG (AKADEMIC);
4. PROF. IR. RINALDI DALIMI, M.SC, PH. D
(AKADEMIC);
5. IR. EDDIE WIDIONO S, M.SC (INDUSTRIAL);
6. DR. IR. HERMAN DARNEL IBRAHIM, M.SC
(INDUSTRIAL)
7. PROF. WIDJAJONO PARTOWIDAGDO, PH.D
(TECHNOLOGY);
8. DR. IR. MUKHTASOR, M. ENG. PH.D
(ENVIRONMENT);
(Law Number 30 of 2007 on Energy )
ENERGY
SEC
URITY
Sustaina
bil
ity
EXPLORATION-PRODUCTION
CONSERVATION
(PRODUCTION
OPTIMIZATION)
DIRECT
SUBSIDY
DIVERSIFICATION
CONSERVATION
(EFFICIENCY)
SUPPLY SIDE
POLICY
DEMAND SIDE
POLICY
SECURITY OF
SUPPLY
COMMUNITY
AWARENESS
ENERGY PRICE
SH
IF
T
IN
G
P
AR
AD
IGM
7
DOMESTIC ENERGY DEMAND 2007 – 2010
HOUSEHOLD AND COMMERCIAL SECTOR 2007
HOUSEHOLD AND COMMERCIAL SECTOR 2010
INDUSTRIAL SECTOR 2007
INDUSTRIAL SECTOR 2010
INDONESIA ENERGY
RESERVE
NATURAL ENERGY PRODUCTION AND
RESERVE (2007)
Fossil Energy
Potential
Resources
Reserves
Production
Res./Prod.
(years)
Oil
56,5 billion
barrel
8,4 billion
barrel*)
348 million
barrel
24
Natural Gas
334,5 TSCF
165 TSCF
2,79 TSCF
59
Coal
90,5 billion
ton
18,7 billion ton
201 million
ton
93
Coal Bed
Methane
(CBM)
453 TSCF
-
-
-*) Including Cepu
CASES:
1.ELECTRICITY SECTOR
2.RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR
1. THE ELECTRICAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT AND
ITS PROSPECTIVE IN INDONESIA
SISTEM PEMBANGKIT
SISTEM TRANSMISI
SISTEM DISTRIBUSI
KONSUMEN
BISNIS
BISNIS
GARDU
STEP-UP
GARDU
STEP DOWN
RUMAH
SOSIAL/
PUBLIK
PLTA
PLTD
PLTP
PLTG
PLTU
PLTGU
TRAFO
STEP DOWN
MW
Social + Public
Bisnis
Industry
Total tanpa Rumah
Tangga
POLA KONSUMSI
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Waktu
WBP
Rumah Tangga
Total termasuk
Rumah Tangga
Waktu
22
18
24
06
12
POLA PRODUKSI
00
ROR (2%)
WBP
COAL (42%)
GAS (19%)
GEO (5%)
Daya Mampu
Pembangkit
MW
Rp/kWh
115-161
150-300
400-450
5-18
MFO (7%)
HSD (17%)
Hydro (7%)
1650-2475
5-18
Pasar
En
er
g
i
Pr
imer
Sistem Besar
terintegrasi vertikal
PILIHAN
•
FULFILLMENT OF ELECTRICITY DEMAND
−
EXPAND SUPPLY CAPABILITIES;
−
ENHANCEMENT OF ELECTRICITY ACCESS, ELECTRIFICATION RATIO
93% IN 2025.
•
CREATION OF EFFICIENT ELECTRICITY BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
−
ELECTRIC POWER UTILITIES CARRY OUT THEIR BUSINESSES IN
EFFICIENT, EFFECTIVE, TRANSPARENT AND ACCOUNTABLE MANNER
(GOOD UTILITY PRACTICE).
•
DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURES
−
TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM;
−
SUPPORTING INFRASTRUCTURES (OIL PIPELINES, GAS PIPELINES,
LNG TERMINALS, COAL TRANSPORT FACILITIES).
NAD
74,91%
Sumut
69,32%
Sumbar
68.72%
Riau + Kepri
54,66%
Sumsel
49,80%
Babel
72,45%
Lampung
47,66%
Jakarta
100%
Banten
72,11%
Jabar
64,95%
Jateng
70,60%
Jambi
48.85%
Jogya
79,64%
Jatim
71,08%
Bali
74,42%
NTB
31.99%
NTT
24.24%
Kalbar
45,65%
Kalteng
44,33%
Kalsel
71,39%
Kaltim
68,37%
Sulut
66,62%
Gorontalo
48,70%
Sulteng
47,64%
Sultra
38,21%
Sulsel
54,90%
Malut
47,81%
Maluku
55,36%
Papua + Irjabar
32,05%
Kategori:
> 60 %
41 - 60 %
20 - 40 %
Sumber: ESDM, per propinsi
Bengkulu
50.08%
Electrification Ratio to The
GDP per Capita
Malaysia
India
China
Philipina
Bolivia
Asia
Eropa
Rusia
Brasil
Afrika Selatan
Thailand
INDONESIA
Nigeria
Ghana
World
Amerika Serikat
Jepang
40
60
80
100
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
GDP per Kapita [ US$ ]
R
a
s
io
El
e
k
tr
ifi
k
a
s
i [
%
]
Malaysia
INDONESIA
Brasil
India
China
Amerika Serikat
Inggris
Myanmar
Vietnam
Nigeria
Perancis
Korsel
Pakistan
Thailand
Argentina
Rusia
Jepang
Philipine
Kenya
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
10
100
1,000
10,000
Penduduk [Juta]
K
a
p
a
s
it
a
s
T
e
rp
a
s
a
n
g
[
G
W
]
Sumber Data : IAEA, US DOE
Existing Installed Capacity Compared
To the Poppulation
KALIMANTAN
2009
2010
Demand (GWh)
:
5,047
5,456
Peak Load (MW)
:
1,084
1,171
Additional (MW)
:
134
137
SUMATERA
2009
2010
Demand (GWh)
: 17,071
18,371
Peak Load (MW)
: 3,564
3,832
Additional (MW)
:
404
431
PAPUA
2009
2010
Demand (GWh)
: 672
735
Peak Load (MW)
: 151
165
Additional (MW)
:
22
21
SULAWESI
2009
2010
Demand (GWh)
: 4,351
4,643
Peak Load (MW)
: 1,039
1,108
Additional (MW)
:
104
112
JAMALI
2009
2010
Demand (GWh)
: 122,483
133,856
Peak Load (MW)
:
21,141
23,084
Additional(MW)
:
2,678
2,848
NUSA TENGGARA
2009
2010
Demand (GWh)
: 958
1.029
Peak Load (MW)
: 237
254
Additional (MW)
:
26
28
MALUKU
2009
2010
Demand (GWh)
:
455
489
Peak Load (MW)
:
100
108
Additional (MW)
:
11
12
(based on RUKN 2008 – 2027)
KALIMANTAN
Core Project
•SCPP : 840 MW
•CCPP : 120 MW
SUMATERA
Core Project
•HEPP : 174 MW
•GeoP : 1.590 MW
•SCPP : 1.114 MW
•CCPP : 120 MW
PAPUA
Core Project
• SCPP : 114 MW
SULAWESI
Core Project
• Geopp : 145 MW
• SCPP : 418 MW
JAMALI
Core Project
•HEPP : 1.485 MW
•GeoP : 2.000 MW
•SCPP : 1.200 MW
•CCPP : 1.000 MW
NTT
Core Project
• Geopp : 46 MW
• SCPP : 30 MW
MALUKU
Core Project
• Geopp : 40 MW
• SCPP : 40 MW
(based on RUKN 2008 – 2027)
NTT
Core Project
• Geopp : 30 MW
• SCPP : 70 MW
Total
Core Project
•HEPP : 1.174MW
•GeoP : 3.336 MW
•SCPP : 4.630 MW
•CCPP : 1.440 MW
• Total : 10.580 MW
(Conceptual Approach)
Profit
Revenue
(R)
Subsidi (S)
Biaya
(BPP = P)
Biaya
(BPP = P)
Revenue
(R)
Subsidi (S)
Profit
Z
Y
X
IDEAL
Profit + Z + Y > X
Revenue total > X
0
200
400
600
800
1.000
Year
TWh
Jam a l i
112
160
256
415
684
Outside Jamali
28
38
56
84
129
Indonesia
140
198
312
499
813
2008
2012
2017
2022
2027
ASSUMPTIONS:
• NATIONAL GDP GROWTH: 6.1%
• NATIONAL POPULATION GROWTH : 1.3%
• NATIONAL ELECTRICITY DEMAND GROWTH : 9.2% P.A.
• ELASTICITY : 1.5
Development of Electricity Infrastructure
GENERATOR
Power PLANT
INFRASTRUCTURE
TRANSMITION
Infrastructure
DISTRIBUTION
Infrastructure
SUPPORTED BY
COMPONENT
INDUSTRI
INFRASTRUCTURE
Technology
HUMAN
RESOURCE
RENEWABLE ENERGY
DEVELOPMENT
NATIONAL NON-FOSIL ENERGY POTENTIAL
NON-FOSSIL ENERGY
RESOURCES
EXISTING CAPACITY
HYDRO
75.670,0 MWe
4.200,0 MW
GEOTHERMAL
28.170,0 MWe
1.189,0 MW
MINY/MICRO HYDRO
500,0 MWe
86,1 MW
BIOMASS
49.810,0 MWe
445,0 MW
SOLAR
4,8 kWh/m
2
/hari
12,1 MW
WIND
9.290,0 MWe
1,1 MW
URANIUM
*)
34.112,0 ton
-
THORIUM
*)
1.500,0 ton
-
Natural Gas,
28.57%
Coal, 15.34%
Oil
51.66%
Geothermal,
1.32%
Hydro Power,
3.11%
Coal , 33%
Gas, 30%
Oil,
20%
BIOFUELS, 5%
Geothermal, 5%
Biomass, Nuclear, Hydro
Solar Energy, Wind
Power, 5%
Coal Liquefaction
2%
New &
RE,17%
National (Primary) Energy Mix 2006
OPTIMIZING
ENERGY
MANAGEMENT
National (Primary) Energy Mix of 2025
(BaU Scenario)
(Presidential Decree No. 5/2006)
National Energy Mix 2025
Gas, 20.6% Coal 34.6% Oil, 41.7% Geothermal, 1.1%
Mini/micro Hydro Power Plant, 0.1% Power Plant, 1.9%
