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Late M iocene Plankt ic Foraminifera Biostratigraphyof Central Bogor Through, Indonesia*
Biostratigrafi ForaminiferaPlanktik M iosen Akhir Cekungan Bogor Bagian Tengah, Indonesia*
Isnaniaw ardhani, V, Adhiperdana, B.G., Nurdrajat Faculty of Geology, Padjadjaran University
* Penelit ian Hibah Bersaing 2012
ABSTRACT
M icropaleontology clues, part iculary foram inifera are st udied in Lat e M iocene m arine sedim ent from cent ral Bogor Through, Indonesia. Detailed biost ratigraphic fram e work is provided by t he occurrence of diverse and preserved foram inifera. The plankt ic foram inifera event s used to dat e t he Lat e M iocene of 11.3 t o 5.3 M a durat ion are based on the appearanceof m arker species. In t he Lat e M iocene int erval of Cent ral Bogor Through, a t ot al
of four plankt ic foram inifera m arker species have been select ed; am ong all: Globorotalia
acostaensis, Globorotalia plesiotumida, Globorotalia t umida, and Sphaeroidinella dehiscens.The first appearance of t he marker species m arked significant biodat ums t o regional correlat ion.
Based on t hese biodat um s, t he four int erval zones are est ablished. Those are st art ing from
t he oldest : Globorot alia menardii – Globorot alia acostaensis Int erval Zone (N.15 of Blow ’s
zones on M iddle - Lat e M iocene or >11.3m y BP), Globorotalia acost aensis – Globorotalia
plesiotumida Int erval Zone (N.16or 11.3 – 6.2 m y BP) , Globorot alia plesiot umida – Globorotalia tumida Int erval Zone (N.17or< 6.2 m y BP),andGloborotalia tumida – Sphaeroidinella dehiscens Int erval Zone (N.18 on M iocene-Pliocene Boundary or<5.3 m y BP). This st udy indicat e t hat t hroughout Lat e M iocene int erval in cent ral Bogor Through, plankt ic foram inifera assem blages provide a high accurat e biost rat igraphy and it is a good t ool for correlat ion.
Geodynam ic act ivit ies and sea level fluct uat ions in t he Bogor Trough asym m et ric back arc basin recorded part icularly in m arine clast ic sedim ent sequencescan be int ercorrelat ed. Those event s can be reconst ruct ed using foram inifera biost rat igraphic st udies.
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ABSTRAKPet unjuk-pet unjuk m ikropaleont ologi, khususnya foram inifera t elah dipelajari dalam sedim en laut M iosen Akhir dari Cekungan Bogor bagian t engah, Indonesia. Kerangka biost rat igrafi det il dit ent ukanoleh kehadiran foram inifera yang beragam dan t eraw et kan. Even-even foram inifera plant ik digunakan unt uk m enent ukan um ur M iosen Akhir atau kurun w akt u 10.8 hingga 5.3 juta t ahun lalu, berdasarkan kehadiran spesies pet unjuk. Dalam int erval M iosen Akhir di Cekungan Bogor bagian t engah, t erdapat empat spesies-spesies
pet unjuk yang dipilih, yait u:Globorot alia acostaensis, Globorotalia plesiotumida,
Globorotalia tumida, dan Sphaeroidinella dehiscens. Pem unculan aw al spesies-spesies pet unjuk m enandai biodat um yang pent ing unt uk korelasi regional.
Berdasarkan biodat um-biodat um t ersebut , dapat disusun em pat buah zona selang.
Zona-zona ini m ulai dari yang paling t ua adalah: Zona Selang Globorotalia menardii –
Globorotalia acostaensis(N.15 dari zonasi Blow , pada Tengah – Akhir M iosen atau lebih dari
11,3jut a t ahun lalu),Zona Selang Globorot alia acostaensis – Globorotalia plesiot umida
(N.16 at au sekit ar 11,3 – 6,2 jut a t ahun lalu), Zona Selang Globorotalia plesiotumida –
Globorotalia tumida (N.17 at au< 6,2 jut a t ahun lalu), Zona Selang Globorotalia tumida – Sphaeroidinella dehiscens (N.18, pada batas M iosen-Pliosen at au<5,3 m y).St udi ini m enunjukkan bahw a dalam int erval M iosen Akhir di Cekungan Bogor bagian tengah, kum pulan foram inifera plankt ic m em bent uk suatu t at anan biost rat igrafi akurasi t inggi and baik digunakan unt uk korelasi.
Akt ifit as-akt ifit as geodinam ik dan flukt uasi-flukt uasi m uka air laut dari bagian t engah Cekungan Bogor yang t erekam t erut ama pada urut an-urutan sedim en klast ik m arin akan dapat dikorelasikan. Even-even ini akan dapat direkonst ruksi berdasarkan st udi-st udi biost rat igrafi foram inifera.
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INTRODUCTIONSince t he st rat igraphy significance of foraminifera first proposed by Cushman & St ainfort h (1945), much w ork has been done t o describe Tert iary zonat ion based on plankt ic foraminifera, bot h for Paleogene and Neogene.
The Tert iary plankt ic foraminifera zonal schem e haveproposed byBolli in 1957, Bolli & Bermudez in 1965, Banner & Blow in 1965, Blow in 1969, Bolli & Permoli Silva in 1973, Post uma in 1971, Kennet t & Srinivasan in 1983 (Bolli & Saunders, 1986; van Gorsel, 1988). Blow ’s num bered st andard biozonat ion (Blow , 1969, 1979) increasing from oldest t o youngest , emended several of t he zonal definit ions is t he most popular zonat ion t o be used in Indonesia. The 22plankt ic foram inifera zones in Paleogene (numbered P.1 t o P.22) and t he 23 zonein Neogene t o Quat ernary (numbered N.1 t o N.23) are supposed for a st andard Tert iary and Quat ernary plankt ic foraminifera zonat ions.
The changes of exist ing zones definit ions, ret aining t he same name or number, as w ell as t he applicat ions of zonal names already in use t o zones different ly defined, have repeat edly occurred. M any aut hors w rit e out fossils name or zonal marker t o t he sequence of zone giving inherent clue t o st rat igraphic level. Bolli & Saunders (1986) suggest ed 24 plankt ic foraminifera zones during Oligocene t o Holocene in low lat it ude province w hich divided int o several subzones.
Foraminifera is w idely used for det ermining age and correlation. Reffering ofzone schemes w it h t he different marker or definit ions is necesarry t o lead t o biost rat igraphic int erpret at ion and correlat ion. In t he east ern West Java, Indonesia, t he high qualit y surface dat a of M iosen marine sediment can be used t o st udy of foram inifera biost rat igraphy.That is w ay t he st udy covered Lat e M iocene foram inifera biost rat igraphic zonat ion is t o be done in cent ral Bogor Through.
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M art odjodjo (2003). A succession of st rat a of Lat e M iocene sect ions cont aining foram inifera commencing from t he Cinambo and Halang Form at ions can be observed in t his region.Det ailed biost rat igraphic frame w ork is provided by t he occurence of diverse and preserved foraminifera used t o dat e t he Lat e M iocene of 5.3 t o 11.3 my durat ion. This st udy aims to est ablish foram inifera biost rat igraphic zone based on t he appearance of marker species from sediment ary sect ions in cent ral part of Bogor Through.
For purpose of est ablishing level of correlat ion bet w een surface sect ions in Lat e M iocene in cent ral Bogor Through, t he foraminifera biost rat igraphy, part iculary Lat e M iocene age can be int erest ed t o be st udied. The select ed plankt ic foram inifera event s det ermine by first appearance of marker species should coincide w it h t he dat um planes of t he previous w orker dealing w it h ot hers area for correlat ion purposes concerning t he st rat igraphyc sequence. The co-appearances of t he charact erist ic t axa of foram inifera t ogether w it h t he dat um planes can be used as t ool for regional correlat ions.
M ATERIALS AND M ETHODS
The st udy area occupies t he cent ral part of Bogor Through, Java Indonesia (Figure 1). The st udy w as made on t he basis oft hree sect ions in t he st udy field. Tot al 113 out crop samples obt ained from sect ions, st rat igraphically respect ivelly: Sect ion 1 Sungai Cilut ung (Pasir Ew ekranda), Sect ion 2 Sungai Cilut ung (Sungai Cipit ung – Sungai Cibujur), and Sungai Cilut ung (Bant arujeg area).
The met hods of t he st udy include: (1) collect ing secondary regional geologic dat a, (2) collect ing field dat a record (geological mapping) and sample, (3) laborat ory w ork, and (4) int egrat ing all of t he analysis result .
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Bolli & Saunders (1986) and Loeblich & Tappan (1988). The preserved foraminifera assemblages in sediment is det ermined quant it at ively.The est ablishmment of foram inifera marker species are based on crit eria t hat t he select ed t axon is dist inct ive as w ell as easy recognized so it should be significant and have a wide geographic dist ribut ion. The select ed event s w ere det erminated by t he fisrt appearance of t he marker species. Biost rat igraphyc zone w ere arranged based on t he dat um t o dat e t he Lat e M iocene age.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
1) Stratigraphy
The area includes cent ral area of Bogor Through. The st rat igraphyc coloums consist of Cinambo and Halang Format ions, and aluvium. The low er part of Cinambo consist of most ly t uffaceous sandst one w it h calcareous clay-sandst one int ercalat ions, while the calcareous clayst one laminat ionsare m ore dominant at t he upper part . Gradded bedding, parallel laminat ion, convolut e, flute cast and biot urbat ion sediment st ruct ures are recorded in t he t urbidit e deep marine sediment s of Cinambo Format ions. The low er part of Halang Format ion st art ed by breccia, t uffaceous sandst one and calcareous clay-sandst one overlied t he erosional basal. The upper part of t his format ion is com posed by t uffaceous sandst one, calcareous clayst one, sandst one and conglomerat ic sandst one, as w ell as conglomerat e w it h some coral and mollusc fragment . Gradded bedding, parallel laminat ion, convolut e, slump sediment st ruct ures, are founded at t he sect ions.
2) Planktic Foraminifera M arker
From t he Lat e M iocene of cent ral Java Through, a t otal of four plankt ic foram inifera marker species have been select ed; among all: Globorotalia acostaensis, Globorotalia plesiotumida, Globorot alia t umida,and Sphaeroidinella dehiscens.
Syst emat ic descript ion and synonym of t hese m arker species refers t oPost uma (1971), St ainfort h, et al. (1975), Sait o, et al. (1981), Kennet t & Srinivasan (1983), Bolli & Saunders (1986), and Loeblich & Tappan (1988) are as follow :
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Synonym:Globorotalia (Turborotalia) acostaensis Blow in Banner & Blow , 1967 Globoquadrina continuosa (Blow ) in Parker, 1967
Globorotalia (Turborotalia) acostaensis acostaensisBlow in Blow , 1969 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) acostaensis tegillat a Bronnimann & Resig, 1971 Descript ion:
Test :t hick discoidal low t rochospiral; equat orial periphery lobulat e; axial periphery rounded. Spiral out line subcircular, strongly lobat e; side profile parallel-side w it h blunt y rounded periphery, t hickness more t han half diamet er. Wall: dist inct ly perforat e, rat her t hick, pust ulose around umbilicus; Surface of w all: pit t ed. Chambers: ovat e t o subspherical, arranged in about t hree t o six w horls, w it h five t o six chambers in last w horl, increasing regularly in size. Oft en t he last chamber is much reduced in size and occasionally somew hat displaced t ow ards t he umbilical side. Sut ures:st raight , on spiral side radial t o slight ly curved, depressed; on umbilical side radial, depressed, more dist inct t han on spiral side. Umbilicus:indist inct , narrow , deep. Apert ure int eriomarginal, ext raumbilical-umbilical, a low arch, usually bordered by a dist inct ive lip or rim. Size: diamet er 0.25 t o 0.5 mm.
b) Globorotalia plesiotumidaBlow and Banner, 1965 Synonym:
Globorotalia (Globorotalia) t umida plesiotumidaBlow and Banner in Banner & Blow , 1965
Globorotalia tumida plesiotumida Blow and Banner in Bolli, 1966 Globorotalia plesiotumida Blow and Banner in Bermudez & Bolli, 1969
Descript ion:
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spiral side curved, limbat e; lat er depressed t o sunken, oblique t o recurved, coalescing int o keel, ones becom ing alm ost sub-radial; t heir dist al part s being st rongly curved, flush t o raised; on umbilical side incised, radial, almost st raight , t o slight ly curved, shallow ly depressed. Umbilicus: narrow t o closed, deep, umbilical shoulders developed only on last t hree chambers. Apert ure: int eriomarginal, ext raumbilical-umbilical, a rat her low arch from umbilicus alm ost t o keel, bordered by a t hick lip along w hole lengt h. Size:diamet er 0.5 t o 0.7 mm.c) Globorotalia tumida(Brady, 1877) Synonym:
Pulvinulina menardii tumida Brady, 1877 Globorotalia tumida (Brady) in Cushman, 1927
Globorotalia (Globorot alia) tumida tumida (Brady) in Banner & Blow , 1965 Globorotalia tumida tumida (Bardy) in Bolli, 1970
Descript ion:
Test :a large, m oderat ely low t rochospiral, biconvex; spiral side more convex t han umbilical side, compressed; equat orial periphery subcircular t o slight ly lobulat e in t he final st age, equat orial profile ear-shaped, slight ly lobat e; axial periphery, t umid t rochospire rimmed by heavy, acut e w it h a massive keel, axial profile rhomboid t o dropshaped. Wall: finely perforat e, t hick; Surface of w all: smoot h except for t he umbilical side of t he early chambers of t he last w horl and t he umbilical margins of t he lat er chambers, cent ered on umbilicus, w hich are heavily pust ulose. Chambers: compressed, arranged in about t hree w horls; t he six chambers of t he last w horl increase regularly t o irregularly in size as added, especially in radial lengt h. Sut ures: on spiral side limbat e, init ially smoot hly curved, later more sharply curved t o hooked obliquely backw ards, coalescing int o t hick keel, t heir proximal ends almost st raight and nearly radial, t heir dist al ends re-curved almost t angent ially t o t he periphery, raised; on um bilical side almost radial t o slight ly sinuous, depressed. Umbilicus: fairly narrow , deep. Apert ure:a slit or low arch bet w een umbilicus and keel, int eriomarginal, ext raumbilical-umbilical, a rat her high arch, part ially bordered by a broad, t hick lip or flap.Size: diamet er 0.7 t o 1.0 m m.
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Sphaeroidina bulloides dehiscens Parker & Jones, 1865Sphaeroidinella dehiscens (Parker & Jones) in Bolli, Loeblich & Tappan, 1957 Sphaeroidinella dehiscens excavata Banner & Blow , 1965
Sphaeroidinella dehiscens dehiscens (Parker & Jones) in Blow , 1969 Descript ion:
Test : t rochospiral, compact ; equat orial periphery very slight ly lobulat e; axial perpihery rounded. Gross from egg-shaped, gashes by apert ural slit s.Wall: primarily coarse perforat e, covered by secondary layers of shell mat erial great ly reducing t he ext ernal openings of t he pores of t he primary w all or sealing t hem; Surface of w all: smoot h and glassy in appearance. Chambers: subglobular, becom ing increasingly embracing in t he adult , arranged in about t hree w horls; t he t hree chambers of t he last w horl increasing raidly in size, somet imes relat ive sizes variable and t rochoid pat t ern not obvious, only last 3 chambers visible ext ernally. Sut ures: indist inct , radial, slight ly depressed t o flush w here not m odified by apert ures, t ypically smoot h and vit reous ow ing t o secondary covering, but abrasion or solut ion may reveal coarsely perforat e, almost lat t icelike primary shell. Primary apert ure int eriomarginal, umbilical; one or t w o sut ural secondary apert ures on opposit e side of t he final chamber are present . Umbilicus: a deep irregular pit . Apert ures: primary apert ure umbilical ext ended by reent rant a along int ercameral sut ures; secondary/ supplement ary apert ures of similar aspect also on spiral side, at least in adult s. Apert ures may be part ially obscured or w it h lips variying from t he smoot h or crenulat e rims overhanging chamber flanges. Size: diamet ercomm only t o 1.0 mm.
3) Stratigraphyc Distribution of Planktic Foraminifera M arker
The previous st udies have recorded t he apperance of t he proposed plankt ic foram inifera marker, as follow s:
a) Globorotalia acostaensis
The first apperance of Globorot alia acostaensis is est imat ed at about 10 M a (Berggren, 1972 and Sait o, 1977). Bolli & Saunders (1986) dat ed t he first appearance of t his species is 11.3 M a.
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The first apperance of Globorotalia plesiot umidaare recognized slight ly bellow Pulleniat ina primalisdat umat about 6.2 M a (Sait o, 1977)c) Globorotalia tumida
The first appearance of Globorotalia t umidahas been know n by many w orker t o be very close t o t he M iocene – Pliocene boundary. No radiomatric t ime-scale are recorded t he dat um in Asia Region.
d) Sphaeroidinella dehiscens
The first appearance of Sphaeroidinella dehiscens has been recognized as a marker horizon for t he M iocene-Pliocene Boundary dat ed 5.3 M a (Salvador, 1985). Bergreen (1972) dat ed t he first appearance of t his species about 5 M a.
e) Late M iocene Planktic Foraminifera Biostratigraphy
For t he purpose of est ablishing plankt ic foraminifera biost rat igraphy in cent ral Bogor Through, int erval zone are det erm inat ed (Figure 2). The int erval zone are biost rat igraphic zone lying bet w een t w o horizon first appearance of plankt ic foram inifera marker species. On t he basis of t hese event s, t he four Lat e M iocene zones w ere est ablished. There are, st art ing from t he oldest t o youngest :
a) Globorot alia menardii – Globorotalia acostaensisInt erval Zone
Definit ion: The appearance of relat ively common Globorot alia menardii t o t he first appearance of Globorotalia acostaensis.
Age: M iddle M iocene
Remarks: Bolli & Saunders, 1986 report ed t hat the zone as defined originally by St ainford (1948), emended by Bronnimann (1951), redefined by Bolli (1966) as t he int erval zone defined int erval w it h zonal marker, from last occurrence of Globorot alia mayeri t o t he first occurrence of Globorotalia acostaensis. This zone is defined as N.15 zone (Blow , 1969, 1979) on M iddle t o Lat e M iocene.
b) Globorot alia acost aensis – Globorot alia plesiotumidaInt erval Zone
Definit ion: Int erval w it h zonal marker, from Globorotalia acost aensis first appearance t o first appearance of Globorotalia plesiot umida
Age : Lat e M iocene
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c) Globorot alia plesiotumida – Globorot alia t umidaInt erval ZoneDefinit ion: Int erval w it h zonal marker, from Globorotalia plesiotumida t o first appearance ofGloborot alia t umida
Age : Lat e M iocene
Remarks: The first of Globorot alia (Globorotalia) tumida plesiotumida is used t o define t he base of N.17 zone (Blow , 1969, 1979) on Lat e M iocene.
d) Globorot alia t umida – Sphaeroidinella dehiscensInt erval Zone
Definit ion: Int erval w it h zonal marker, from Globorotalia tumida t o first appearance ofSphaeroidinella dehiscens
Age : Lat est M iocene
Remarks: The first of Globorot alia (Globorotalia) tumida t umidais used t o define t he base of N.18 zone (Blow , 1969, 1979) near t heM iocene-Pliocene Boundary.
The Figure 3 show s t he Lat e M iocene plankt ic foraminifera biost rat igraphy of cent ral Bogor t hrough, and it ’s correlat ion w it h previously st andard foraminifera zonat ion. The biost rat igraphy zones indicat e t hat t houghout Lat e M iocene int erval, foraminifera provides a high accurat e biost rat igraphy and it is a good t ool for correlat ion.
Abundancy, diversit y and appearance of indicat or species reflect ed several event s marked sea level fluct uat ion, t ransgressive and regressive w hich can be reconst ruct ed on t he basis of foraminifera dat a analysis.
CONCLUSSION
1. A t ot al of four plankt ic foraminifera marker species have been select ed and marked t he Lat e M iocene int erval of cent ral Bogor Through, among all: Globorotalia acostaensis, Globorotalia plesiotumida, Globorotalia tumida,and Sphaeroidinella dehiscens.
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acostaensisInt erval Zone (N.15 of Blow ’s zones on M iddle - Lat e M iocene or >11.3 my BP),Globorot alia acostaensis – Globorot alia plesiotumidaInt erval Zone (N.16 or 11.3 – 6.2 my BP),Globorot alia plesiotumida – Globorotalia t umidaInt erval Zone (N.17 or < 6.2 my BP),andGloborot alia tumida – Sphaeroidinella dehiscensInt erval Zone (N.18 on M iocene-Pliocene Boundary or < 5.3 my BP).3. The Lat e M iocene plankt ic biost rat igraphy of cent ral Bogor Through is correlat ed w it h previously st andard foram inifera zonat ion. The select ed event s used t o dat e t he Lat e M iocene of 11.3 t o 5.3 M a durat ion should be useful for st rat igraphic correlat ion in Bogor Through. In t his int erval, plankt ic foraminifera provides a high accurat e biost rat igraphy and it is a good t ool for correlat ion.
4. Abundancy, diversit y and appearance of indicat or species reflect ed t he environment al changes concerning t he sedim ent at ion and geodynamic act ivit ies.
SUGGESTION
M ore st udy is suggest ed t o be done in nort hern, sout hern and east ern of Bogor Through t o record several plankt ic foram inifera event s as dat um planes defines biost rat igraphyc correlat ion in reconst ruct ion t he assymet rical basin.
ACKOW LEDGM ENT
The aut ors t hank t o Rect or of Padjadjaran Universit y and Dean of Geology Facult y for encouragement and permission to publish t his paper. The research made possible by t he grant “ Hibah Bersaing” from Higher Educat ion Direct orat e, Nat ions Educat ion M inist ry t o w hich t he aut ors are grat eful. Thanks also t o colleagues and st affs at t he Paleont ological Laborat ory in Padjadjaran Universit y and M icropaleont ology Laborat ory in Inst ut ut e of Technology Bandungfor support during laborat ory w ork.
REFERENCES
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Blow , W.H., 1969, Late M iddle Eocene to Recent Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy, Int ernat ional Conference Plankt onic M icrofosil 1 st ., Geneva (1967), Proc. Leiden, E.J. Brill, V.1, p. 199 – 422.-, 1979, The Cenozoic Globigerinida, Leiden, E.J Brill
Bolli, H. M ., and Saunders, J. B., 1986, Oligocene to Holocene Low Latitude Planktic Foraminifera in Plankton Stratigraphy, edit ed by Bolli, H.M ., Saunders, J.B., and Perch-Nielsen, K., Cambridge Universit y Press, p. 155 – 262.
Cushman, J.A., St ainfort h, R.M., 1945, The Foraminifera of The Cipero M arl Formation of Trinidad, B.W.I, Cushman Lab. Foram Res., Special Publicat ion no. 14, p. 1-75.
Djuhaeni& M art odjojo, S., 1989, Stratigrafi Daerah M ajalengkadanHubungandenganTatanamaSatuanLitostratigrafi di Cekungan Bogor, Jurnal IAGI Vol. 12 no. 1, p. 227-257.
Djuri, 1973, PetaGeologiBersistemPulauJaw a, LembarArjaw inangun, Skala1 : 100.0000, Direkt orat Geologi Bandung.
Kennet t , J.P and Srinivasan, M.S., 1983, Neogene Planktonic Foraminifera, A Phylogenetic Atlas, Hut chinson Ross Publishing Company, St roudsburg, Pennsylvania, 265 p. Koolhoven, W.C.B., 1936, Report on a Trip Cirebon (Sheet 48 M ajalengka and 53 Cirebon), Direkt orat Geologi Bandung.
Loeblich, A.R. Jr. & Tappan, H., 1988, Foraminiferal Genera and Their Classification, Jilid 1 & 2, van Nost rand Reinhold, New York, 970 p.
M art odjojo, S., 2003, EvolusiCekungan Bogor, Penerbit ITB, 239p.
M arks, P., 1957, Stratigraphic Lexicon of Indonesia, Scient ific Publicat ion no. 31, Geology Series, Geological Division Cent re, Bandung.
Post uma, J.A., 1971, M anual of Planktonic Foraminifera, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amst erdam, London, New York, 398 p.
Sait o, T, 1977, Late Cenozoic Planktonic Foraminiferal Datum Level: The Present State of Know ledge Tow ards Accomplishing Pan-Pasific Stratigraphic Correlation, Procc. First Int ernat ional Congress Pasific Neogene St rat igraphy, Tokyo, p. 61 – 80.
Sait o, T., Thompson, P.T., Dee Breger, 1981, Systematic Index of Recent and Pleistocene Planktonic Foraminifera, Universit y of Tokyo Press, 190 p.
Salvador, A., 1985, Chronostratigraphic and Geochronometric Scales in COSUNA Stratigraphyc Nomenclature Charts of the United States, Am. Assoc. Pet roleoum Geologist Bull, v. 69, Figs. 1-3, p. 182 – 184, reprint ed by permission of AAPG, Tulsa, Okla.
St ainfort h, R.M ., Lam b, J.L., Lut erbacher, H., Beard, J.H., and Jeffords, 1975, Art icle 62 : Cenozoic Planktonic Foraminiferal Zonation and Characteristics of Index Forms, The Universit y of Kansas, Law rence, Paleont ological Cont ribut ions, 426 p.
van Bemmelen, R. W., 1949, Geology of Indonesia, The Hague M art inus Nijhoff, Vol. 1 A, Nederlands, p. 25 – 31.
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5 5.3 Sphaeroidinella dehiscens Sphaeroidinella dehiscens
B Pulleniatina primalis D
Coiling change
6.2 A Globorotalia plesiotumidaS Gr. acostaensis Globorotalia plesiotumida
Globorotalia acostaensis Globorotalia acostaensis
10 11.3
N17
MIO
CEN
E
MA
Banner & Blow (1965); Bolli (1957); Bolli & Bermudez (1965), Blow (1969); Bolli & Permoli Silva (1973); Postuma
(1971) Kennett & Srinivasan (1983) in van Gorsel, 1988 Globorotalia tumida Gr. margaritae
Haq. Hardenbol & Vail (1987) in van Gorsel, 1988
ZONES
N18
N16
N15 CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY
PLIOCENE
UPP
ER
DATUM LEVEL
Globorotalia tumida
Figure 3. Correlation of the Late Miocene Planktic Foraminifera Biostratigraphy in Central Bogor Through with Previously Standard Foraminifera Zonation
THIS STUDY
TORTONIAN MESSINIAN
