Male Genetic Diversity of Siwa Brahmin Clan in Bali Based on Y Chromosomal Microsatellites DNA.

Journal

of

Biotogy

Agriculture

and

Heatthcare

ts'==='',,5*",,,,..

i'

r

[image:2.612.59.560.14.745.2]

VoI

4,

No

I

Q0l4)

Table of

Contents

frrticles

otsody

to Assess the Knowledge Regarding prevention of pneumonia among

DtBc

Aged Adults in Selected Rural Areas of Moodbidri with a

view

to

etdop

an Informational Booklet

Yathi Kumara Swamy Gowda, Ashok Nayak

il&lcscent's

and Drugs Abuse in Nigeria

Hanisu Mamman, Ahmad Tajuddin Othman, Lim Hooi

Liqn

EEct

of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte _ex

o'Rorke)

_{seeds on the}

Liver

dGonads

ofMale

Albino Rats

Hannah Edim Etta, Cornelia Chinomso Olisaeke, Cletus Inah lboh Efrctiveness of Treatment outcomes of public private

Mix

_Tuberculosis

Cmol

Program in Eastern Nigeria

Henry A. Efegbere, Arthur E. Anyabolu, prosper O. _{Adogu, Ebruke K.} Efegbere, Emeka H. Enemuo, Robert C. Okonkwo, Obiefuna p. Eze,

Nasiru Sani-Gwqrzo, Amos Omoniyi, Amobi L. Ilika, Anthony O.

Igwegbe, Cyprian I.A. Oyeka

Efects of Different concentrations of Biocides on Fungal populations, Isolated from Biofilms of corroded

oil

pipelines, _{Nigei Delta Region, Nigeria}

Godwin U. Akpan, Marian G. Solomon, Godwin Abah Male Genetic Diversity of Siwa Brahmin Clan in Bali Based on

y-Chromosomal Microsatellites

DNA

I

Ketut Junilha, Ni Luh Watiniasih

A comparative study on Growth, carcass Traits and rissue Distribution

of

Awassi _{and Hamdani Lambs}

Rabee A. Oramari, Jalat E. Alkass, Kanyaw I. Mahmud

Effectiveness of Enterobacter cloacae to promote the Growth and Increase the Yield of Rice

Datta Ngurah Suprapn, Ni Made Intan Maulina, Khamdqn

Khalimi

Effect of Protein Level on Gonadal Developmont of the African

catfish

IBIMA.7.,

F. D.

SIKOK]

Impact of Bat Guano otonycteris hemprichii camd and Seaweed Extract on

Some Growth and Yield Traits of Barakaseed Nigella Sativa

L

ASEEL N. ALMOHAMMEDI, ALI F. ALMEHEMDI,

MFAT

K. AL

AJEELEE

Phosphate and Sulphate Adsorptions in Bungor Series Soil

Adzemi Mat Arshad, Ibrahim W

Qualitative Land Evaluation for

oil

palm

cultivation

_{in peninsular Malaysia}

Adzemi Mat Arshad

The Efficacy of a _{Herbal Drug, Schitozim over praziquantel in the} Management of Schistosoma mansoni Infection in

BALB/c

mice

Lynda A Allan, Helen L. Kutima, Shadrack Muya, Darlene Ayonga,

Dorcas Yole

The _{Influence of Adoption of Improved}

oil

parrn production practices _{on the}

Livelihood Assets of

oil

Palm Farmers in Kwaebibirem District of Ghana

Jonathan N. Anaglo, Seth Danlqi Boateng, Felix K. M. Swanzy

10-15

t6-22

23-29

30-35

5 t-56

57-6s

Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare

ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225493X (Online)

Vol.4, No.l,20l4

Abstract

The Brahmin clan

in

Bali

consisted

of

two

groups,

th1!

are Siwa Brahmin the descendant

of

Dang

Hy4

Nirartha

and

Boda Brahmin, the descendant'or narrg Hyang Asqnaka. Dang Hyang Nirartha

came

to

B{

around

l4g0

and

a"."J"Jiirr"

Brahmin

a"r,

*rttt

"i,.ri.t

oi-s

sub-clans (Kemenuh,

Manuaba' Keniten'

Ml

and Patapan).

ffris

nesearch was conducted to ietermine the molecular characters

of Siwa Brahmin clan' The research was conducted by employi"g

th";;i;;;i;; -*[*

-i"tosatellite

Y-chromosomal

DNA

from

Jtrc

to october

zor:.

*rere

was;ri;;

oi utLt" rot"'a,

o""

in

the

DYS,9

locus (200bp)' three

in DYS390 loc,s

(

z03,2o.7and

21lbp)

""d.'""

alleles were found in

Dys393

locus

(

129 and

il:upi

and in DYS395 locus

(lzl

and 131bp). The highest frequency

o!

!n|o^tpe,

from

6 haglot.lrngs recorded, was found

in

haplotype 2 (0.54)

with

the allete

combin"ii",

i,i

ZfiO, ZOl,

Oqi

t'Zi.

fhis

ilaplo,tipe was found

in all of

sub-clans: Kemenub"

Manuaba, Keniten, Mas, including sample from unidentified

sub-ilan'

Haplotype

2

could be as the

origirnl

haplotyPe of Siwa Brahmin'

^fir*iiO*,

Siwa Brahmin clan,

DNA

microsatellite' allele' haplotype

l;r1l#ilirlll;"rociety

today is divided into groups b.ase$ on paternal genealogical lineage ca[ed clan

or soroh (Balinese). The society

a"r"ilp"a

from the acculturation between

p"opi*

who Jame to

Bali

island earlier' which

isknownasBaliMulaandpeoplewhocametutott'utU'oughtnewthoughtwhatiscalledasReligionbasedon

holly book of Hindu,

v;;.'

Based on trre

tristoiy,'naii;1".r;d

w^a_s inhab]ted by people who came from various

place such as China,

r,,jiu,

C*t

a

and East

lr*i'C"",*uias,

1956; Bellwood' 1985; Ardika

'

1996;

Wikarman"

1994). The profile

"r

*ipNe

"ouected

from the

ieeth

excavated from the tomb at Sembiran village' Buleleng

Regency was found

,i-itu,

io

that of Indian

(1[,i*

et

al',,2004)'

farafet

et

at'"

(2005) found that 83'7%

of

Balinese men have Austronesian genes,

l2ohd";"I"di;"'genes-and

oriy

2,2Yo

representing gene

from

pre-Neolithic society.

ffr" .r"*

"o*".Jf.o*

.'ru.ioo.

ptu"",

entariing Balinese tommunity certainly brought various new genetic prohles

*a

"rr*t"

*ttich will

enrich the genetic structurg

as well as the culture of Balinese'

Many people

in

Balinese society groups are

functioi

as Brahmin (Balinese: Sulinggih\

to

assist the cultural

ceremony. They are many

Sulingsih]hai

u."

"uff"J

afr"rently

depend on the

clan'

For example' Brahmin from

Brahmin (Brahmana)

"lui

i*

"uit;'-

p"donda, Brahmin frorn-Ksatria clan

called Begawan, and Brahmin from

pasek clan called Sri Mpu. Brahmins (pedandal

a"r"""a*t

in_Balinese society was based genealogical lineage'

which

is

grouped

into two from two

ancestois. Those are

the

group

or

clan

of

Siwa (Siva) Brahmin who

descendant

of

Dang Hyang Nirartha and the _"tuo or Boda Brahmin, tire descendant

of

f)ang Hyang Astapaka' The descendants of Brahmin clan was

character*d

bt

ih"

name b-egin with lda Bagus for the men and lda Ayu

for

the woman (Dharma Gosana

of n"g"rr.y

i"t"Urana,

2008;

Wi;

and

Santeii'

1993)'

The

existence

of

Brahmin in Bali was known far earlier than those-the division of Brahmin clans (Siwa and

Boda)'

They existed

since the arrival

"r

nJ

r"r*t"raea

at the

cutu

v"u'

of

80 ( 152

AD)'

the founder

of

the

-Besakift

Temple (the

largestTempleinBali),thenfollowedltYn]Gana,MpuSemeru,MpuGnijaya,andMpuKuturan(Gingsir,

2000; Dharma Gosana Kab' Jembrana' 2008; Sastrodiwiryo'

2010)'

l

The population

of

siwa Brahmin in

Bali

*u.

Inot"

then

tlBoda

Brahmin' which represented

by the number

of

people and

families.

il;;;;

Brahmin

*a

it.

i'edanda were widespreaa

tto"gtr

out

Bali, while

the Boda Brahmin was limited and can only be found in Bodakeling and wanasari villages, Karangasem Regency;

Tusan

village, Klungkung Regency, ana SlIaw.ati village,

Gianyar-Reglncy'

The Jynutty

or

clan

of

Siwa Brahmin

was started in

fifty

aentury (1430

AD)

*h"t

the Foundingfath"',

O*g

Hyang

Nirartha came from Java to

Bali

with his family.

At

that time, Gelgel

**

'h:-;l"pd,fi;1tf::::*::,'95,:'r:ffl1**:*:"ftt"11ffi'ffi

Male

Genetic

Diversity

of

siwa Brahmin

clan

in Bali

Based on

Chromosomal

Microsatellites

DNA

I Ketut Junitha* and

Ni

Luh Watiniasih

Biology Department,

r;*hy

of Mathemltic and Natural Science, udayana University

Jalan Raya

K;;;;t

Bukit Jimbarano Kuta'

Bali'

Indonesia' 80361

*

_{E-mail of} ctrresponding authorjunithaketut@yahoo.com

;ft,T#ru'il;#51t15rffi?tl.il

"lt.

Jembrana,

ioos;

sastroaiwirvo, 2010;.

Ho*"ver,

Riana

(201r)

reported that Dang

Hyu-;;;;-t"t

h;

i.i*d.

in

sati

ubout

y"u'

1489' -The Siwa Brahmin

was devided into five

groups (sub-clans)

wrrichtsed

on their

*ir"*

Jbu"g

H;-g

Nirartha'

He had five wives'

the

fint

was from

Daha (Kediri-East Java) who descended Srahmin

;u;clan

Iiemenuh'

The second

wife from

Pasuruan (East

Java) descendeo

sruh-'irr-roi-clan

Manuaba. The,third

wife

from Blambangan

(East Java) desdended Brahmin sub-clan Keniten. The fourth

wife

from vras

tcianvar-outif a"o"rra"d

grah;in

sub-clan Mas, and the frfth

wife

www.lrste.org

Ifltl

ffifi

descended Brahmin

*b-:tl_p."qpan

_(Bek,

1959; Gingsir ,2OOA).

ffi::,:,f,_.::":j^1,1"-"f,rNA.ui"t

af1'-""t

J.,"od" protein, so

it

does not

hn'

Microsaterrite

s"o"ii"

_markers

rr;;

i""r

rr"J'ffi;1T""k;",il"TlJl:

n

rcrcby

it

is

goJi io

ue

empmyeJ;;;;,;;G;"Tff#il1;#1,:ll,.J

rlff

?,Xt

H

;;ffir*,;"X",:":i

:i

:.

:!?!:

;L,r".,.:

i

;sl;j.

rjiri.,,,

at,

tee6; ₎

:'Y

DNA

markers that are located

rt

"r,r*"r"*i1i

ffi.#::#:Xff;*ri::",lrl

l[ffi

]_H:.,,::::::

ji:f

"*i"ri,""-g'J"rsai"*,h"-,i,""i"_r,",arebasedon

trur&

r.Ean

(bride) _{move and}

ri*

_{to th"}

-ui.1brid"g.o"il

rr""r"

.,,fl*|f,"jfl:"?H;

nrir

cbromosom-y _{markers rrur}

u"",

"r.a_to

determine genetic flows between caste

d-

ffi61-

Balinese _society

tx*rr"-

i-"i.,ioosl

*a

for

oene,r^-inor

^*

,._^

--

-r

@r.

D.rurcsc _socretv

$Trt:1

et

al.,

2005) and

for

genialogical groups _{or clans in}

3]: ry*,

et at.,ZOOO; tunitha

eia't.:;;i;;

ffi#ffi

?Ji*:'Jj[i,i;ii*".Brahminsub-crant"3:]rh,-uaruaba,

m"

il

rh

r-",il;;;.'.o*rerr

resrtts _{were re-corded and used} a-.{ r,oo,r +^

,"

^-,^Io.To:1T3-J

nlarkers,

DYslg,

nrys:so,

"*r"ifi"

;iil;:,frf$?"ii,ll,lft

ffi:i:3*

ffi3l:|'j,]:::"t'nt

molecular marker microsateuite y-chromosomar

DNA

fiom June

,h

,E

mrne nom

nam _s,

from

r

r

_^,"1

X|ff:siv1

;amrting

method,

b;;J;;;ri,t"s

people

of

_Siwa "i

tv

r

?:ip:.Ti 1d

;;:ffi

,E:::;rlr",,H1:Iil:,fi:r,1il:.:ff

;"*Xffi

f"l.rllml

_",1],

:,::

I |e.

:t,,r::rum

mucosa

ceil

was swab using sterilized

'ft

frcvolunteers.a"g*r"rrnr"."u".,r""r,'ffi

il#?"".:::,T::;il"ilr:ffi:X*:l

mT":i"'i:1":1j,;1f

I

rifr

ar coho

I

prec i p i tat i o:

r#f

::::-";::-"-::Triprtrvasextractedusingphenor-:

DIa,

;;;;t,

;,:.

;;;iiliil

?#

ililil:$.H

tr

rp"Tffii

TL-f

"li:U;::::,lf

;ili;i;;'

rorr,

r,

Dys 3 e 0, Dys 3 e 5 and Dy S 3 e s

)

rr,

l

n s

cl.Ies

in

52-55'c

annearing- iemferatures,

then

visuarrr"n'#tij,'j;'?"'rfi::tl;,*:

ffiikT3..Y:^y::'":iropn:tj'^i;

6yo

potvacilamide _{ger (pAGE) runnins}

in

r ro r,^rr

DNArypingwasdetermin"auvpi"t,i"g;""#;::"fr

_|il;ff

:i'J"^fiTlrTffi:r#;f,l:X

lirru-

2001). The genetic

ai".i.iiy

.,ur'""i""i""a

foilowing

parra _{et ar., (1999).}

htr

r

hqr-r

ce[s

_{samples were collected}

from

mal-e Siwa

Brahmin clan.

_{Those were collected}

from *."qr

rd

otter

eijht

_regencies

i,

e"ii,-r;"f, r-rngu;, iil.gk

ng, Bangri, Gianyar, Badung,

fir*---

and Bulelens

,

u"ro11"ut"lv, i;;'t';iJ., sub-crir

""riJ;;;because,

therefore _{the samples}

ffi#

*tl:;:,:**:lt.tfu[f1fem1uh,

2e rrom manuaba, r

r

_{rrom Keniren and}

F,r*or55volunte"'p."u""a,';ilffi

#;l'ilTJl;',1,'"'it#ffi

;ll;i:il5"T1?n1

min in Bali.

UX=

rntnownJ,rtE

r-fl

ry

fu

0f

dl

55 buccal _{cell samples collected,}

two of them leaked on the

tilting

process, therefore only 53 samples

ffi*T#[i".];ffi1';"X:i:*:,,:j":*i::i:1"-'1111"

#:;*

amprined

in

_{two primers out}

orrour

ErililDFrs _{emploved, which}

were not showing uoy

t*i

i,

Joumal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare

ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225493X (Online)

Vol.4, No.l,20l4

[image:5.612.39.577.33.743.2]

0t6}{6.{ ,{t }t lrlr

Figure

l.

Amplificauon results and electrogram of

A:

locus DYS19; B: locus DYS390, C: locus DYS393, and D: locus DYS395. Note:

L:

DNA

ladder (from l00bp). The number on

each tract is the sample sizes. The blank tract is the sample that was fails to be amplified.

The allele sizes

of

an amplicon were expressed as a set of numbers of nucleotide.

Allele

size

of

each locus and

its frequency are presented in Table 2. There were eight alleles found from all

of

the primer used. One

of

them was monomorphic

in

DYS19 locus, and polymorphic

with

three allele sizes were found

in DyS390 (203,207

and2ll

bp), and two allele sizes

were

found in DYS393 (129 and 133 bp) and DYS395 (127 and

l3l

bp). tr_u

E

&

ffiil

MYffi

ffi*ffi

ffi*ry

siit*

W

&i.

{r

,&S

,ffiffi

::::::\ :: ) W

ffi& t

zffi

::ffi

*

**m*"

!'

fiffiM*

il*

zi

H

*

*

ffiffi#r

ffi

,*

ffiw

!

--'

ffi[

size and allele

Locus Alelle size (base oair/bo) Frequancv

DYS19 200 1.00

DYS390 203

207

211

0,38 0,58 0.04

DYS393 129

133

0,96

0.04

DYS395 127

l3l

0,960,04

Geneticdiversitywasvariedoneachlocus(Table3).Therrigtr@foundinDYS390

locus and the lowest (0.00) was found in

DYSI9

locus, with mean diversity of 0.267 + 0.023.

Table2.

Locus. Alelle

Table 3. Genetic . Uenetrc didlversl ofeach locus

Locus _Diversiw

+

SE

DYSI9

DYS390 DYS303 DYS395

0,00 + 0,00

0,782+0,026

0,143

+0,034

0.143 + 0.034

Mean _0,267

+0.023

This research was founded six haplotype based and DYS395), there are haplotype

no

1 to 6 is

on alleles combination

for

four

loci

(DYSI9,DYS390,DYS393 presented at table 4. The haplotype 2 owning highest frequency

d

Healthcare

l[S{ U5{93X

(Ontine)

*own

zub-clan

www.iiste.org

t$l3l

ffi[

itt\'12w'207,129,r27

bp)

_{0.53s folowed}

by

haploype

no

r

_{(20a,203,r2g,r27) 0.3g4}

,

f

d

oo

6

u/ith each frequency _{are 0.19.}

U+ttype'

alelles coritbinations, _{frequency and the distribution of}

sub-clan _{of Balinese Siwa}

Brahmin

f,ryFtaplotp",

Iod@q:

_Freouencv

=

Kmuh,

Manb= Manuaba,

Kenie

Keniten, and-

---"";-.,

frrs

6at

there was

no

Patapan sub-clan

of

_{Siwa Brahmin found}

in

this study.

_Based

on

the

:3pf:r"1,?:qlf*

irir,artlra

",.it,*

uv

e"[?leJt;;;

that regarized to be a siwa

uely4

_{sub-clans, those are sub-clan Kemenuir, Mauuaba,}

["rri,*

""jirr"r";fifi;:"rH.H#;

}!ft"ll,:r;:"

"::"*1

Hy_","_"::r^f-:,"rv_aia

""ip,""r"il""uJ*u,uor.,,

but

they

might

be

*ancetves

^

Mu* sub-clan.

rhis

is,*",r,"i

r,"iil#."ii:";fiT*';ir1'tXlil.t,}1"j[L,ffr,#:

ryks

amplified using-4 pair ofprimers

(DySl9, Dys390, Dys393

_{dan DyS395),}

one sample was

Ht?XX;3,f"'::"i::::::x****:'*

a

due _{to mutation occurred on the}

prr-o'rit"

$i;;:'i1,.L,y

o,e

to the rai,ure in sample which is

,"f..J;;;ilffii:

ifirftf:fiT}:f

of _{alleles varied among}

loci'

_{Eight variety of}

alleles were found, which the highest frequency (1.0)

Ir?Illrrl:::'jy::T,.,:g:1*li,"f

rg9!o.

rhis

means

tr,"iir,".'*,s

_{no mutation occurred}

since

-e

father, Dang Hvang

Nirartha.

This

aneri

*u,

"o*ooro;;';;;;:#tH:ff:tffiil,tT

ffijH:.'2n','it:2:

liz-Linares

_et

3,!::':)*,::'.:'*-;";;;;;

pr,:,!

r

the worrd (Hammer _{and Horai,}

at.

tee6;.-Harmer

"i

,i.,

tsitl.

rhe

aueleif

ffi;:

["rff'[fr#ff';l*H#]

frT*::".t"tt"r"::"(r;jr]:_l"yrj-r^ljo,:u)-":1"nslI]

rose]"."]p.o*ry.

rhe

arrere or207bp

wal

,ffi

ia

arrnost every caste

or

sociar group

in

india

(Rama

";

;i."i1liY9ii;'iil;j"1"1#j"

:::y:"iry;;

k

&e

earlier study

in

other BalineJe cian

6ayu

slr"r.rlirrra

_{thar the highest frequency}

of

alrere

in

mf

2llbp

(Junitha ai<t., zoosy.

5.

Conclusion

t

lxias _{found that the siwa Brahmin clan}

has low genelic diversity

*iq-6

_{different haplotypes. The haplotype} 2

rith

the _{allele combinations of 200}

,207,12g,127 could be as the _{original haplotlpe of Siwa Brahmin.}

Achowledgement

This

research

was

possible

due

funded

by

pNBp

lm

lLlcst

Genetic _{diversity was'found}

in DyS390 with

the value

of 0.7g*0.23.

This due to the number

of

ft hd

in this locus

Yut

th" highest

(3).

The total average

oig"*,i"

_{diversity was low (0,27 +.0,02). This}

k=

of

the low diversity

of

dlJe

o,

"u"r,

locus and

siwa'g.ah-;

clan was relatively established recently

fiM$tr-rug

(Sastrodiwiryo,

20rc\.

c*"ii"

_airr"rsity

of siwa

s;;;in

_{clan was}

ro*",

tt

,

_renrnyan

society

m.4

hrt

higher than the men

ort"r,g*u.,

_{r"grirrgsirgu., t.aaitiorrrl society (0.14)}

(Junitha

et

al,2[l2;Junitha

,f,

_{2009, Junitha dan Sudirga 2007;}

;;ith;-,iaO+1.

h

six haplotlpe wel?

fou3d,

rripr"rle"'i..*i

,n:

_{highest frequency}

and

widely

spread

in all

_sub-clans

rding

the sample

with

_{unidentineo cran.}

nre

_rraptotyie

z

t"r

liLr"-combinations

;ir&,

_207,

tzg,

_r2,1,

'*h

could be the oriqinal haplotype

"ro".g

rrvr"g

xirurthu,-ine rourroing father

of

siwa _{Brahmin clan. The}

hTeacy

of haplotype

t

"at

o.rs,

trr"

*"""ir"gfri

"1"rl

rr"pr"typ"s.

The data shown that haplotype

I

with

&

lnplotpe

_combinations

of

20a,

_203,

l;g,

127 and

*u,

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Joumal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare

ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)

Vo1.4, No.1,2014

17 4.2NN14.2/PNL.0 1.03 .00 120 13, Year 20 I 3

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