ANALYSIS PSAK 24 (2013)
IMPLEMENTATION
IN INTERIM FINANCIAL REPORT 2015
Agenda
Introduction
Introduction
Literature Review
Literature Review
Research Method
Research Method
Result and Analysis
Result and Analysis
Conclusion and Implication
Conclusion and Implication
Introduction
– background• PSAK 24 Employee Benefit – changes in 2013 and effective in
2015. PSAK 24 (2013) is the adoption of IAS 19 Revised 2011.
• Each company have employees, so this standard relevant for all
companies.
• PSAK 24 had an impact on the presentation of reclassification and
so the company had to apply the new method retrospectively.
– the company would present three statements of financial position
comparative year are 2015, 2014 and early comparative period of 2014.
– Changes in PSAK 24 will also produce other comprehensive income
(OCI) that reported in statement of income and other comprehensive income and also OCI in equity. Based on PSAK 24, gain or loss of actuarial recognized in OCI.
Introduction
– background• Fasshauer et al., (2008) conducted a study on the implementation of
accounting standards, IAS 19 Employee Benefit, on companies in 20 European countries.
• The companies are analyzed using three methods in the
measurement of employee benefits:
– full recognition through the Statement of Recognized Income and
Expense (SORIE) (ie through shareholders’ equity)
– full recognition through Profit & Loss (P&L), or – the ‘standard’ corridor approach
• The results of these studies show that companies that apply IAS 19
that uses the latest full recognition method through the Statement of Recognized Income and Expense (SORIE) better in disclosing
information related to employee benefits.
Introduction
– background• Harahap (2010) had research about the decision to adopt
and implementing PSAK 24 (1999).
– Larger company tends to be faster in applying PSAK 24 – Estimated implementation cost later applying
– Debt agreement does not affect the timing of adoption
– Companies with positive changes ROE would be faster to apply
PSAK 24, and
– Company that audited by big public accounting firms (Big 4),
faster in adoption of PSAK 24.
Literature Review
– PSAK 3PSAK 3
• Interim report is a financial reporting that have shorter periode than
a full financial year.
• According to PSAK No. 3 (2010) Interim Financial Reporting,
interim financial report is a financial report that contains either a complete financial statement (as described in PSAK 1 (2009) Presentation of Financial Statements) or a financial report
summary (as described in this Statement) to an interim period.
• Based on PSAK 3, the interim financial statements are prepared
using the same accounting policies with the annual financial statements.
• The new standard should be implemented on first interim report not
only for the annual financial report.
Introduction
– research objective• This research aims to analyze how the implementation of
PSAK 24 changes in the interim financial report 2015.
• Using interim financial report will be interesting because
there are many companies that turned out to not apply it in the beginning of the interim period, even though the application of IAS 24 Revised 2013 effective starting January 1, 2015.
• Based on Hararap (2010), this paper will analyze the companies characteristic that influence of PSAK 24 implementation.
Literature Review
Employee Benefit
• Employee benefits are all forms of benefits granted an entity in
exchange for services rendered by employees or for the termination of the employment contract.
• Employee benefits include benefits granted to workers or their
dependents or beneficiaries and may be settled by payments (or the provision of goods or services). The type of employee benefit:
– Short tem employee benefit – Long tem employee benefit – Post employee benefit
– Termination benefit
– Stock option (out of scope PSAK 24; will be regulated on PSAK 53)
Literature Review
– PSAK 24PSAK 24
• There are three major changes in the PSAK 24 (2013) – only for defined benefit plan (long term and post employee benefit) :
– Calculation pension cost– current cost, net interest and past service cost
using single interest cost parameter.
– The recognition of actuarial gains and losses – part of the other
comprehensive income
– Additional disclosures.
• Revised PSAK 24 will have an impact on the presentation of
reclassification and so companies should apply retrospectively using the new method. According to PSAK 25 (accounting policies, changes in accounting policies, estimates and correction of errors), the
companies should restate financial statements have been published .
Literature Review
– research on accounting changes• Investor focused on large, so companies tend to be
applying accounting policies early (Castello et al. 1994).
• Companies that have larger debts will perform faster
adoption of standards (Sami and Welsh, 1992) but
according Castello et al. (1994) actually found the opposite -
contracting theory
• Company audited by big four - (Trombley, 1989).
• Harahap (2010) found that the total assets, changes in ROE
and auditors have a positive influence on the early adoption of accounting standards.
Literature Review
– hyphotesis 1• Investors generally invest focused on the companies that have
big capitalization.
• Financial statement including interim financial report are very
important information in the decision making for investors and prospective investors.
• The company should pay more attention to information presented in the interim financial statements if they have a big market
capitalization.
• H1: Companies with larger market capitalization have the
possibility in implementing PSAK 24 (2013) earlier
Literature Review
– hyphotesis 2• Companies with a large number of employees, tend to
spend more for employee expense and have more liability related to employee benefit.
• PSAK 24 more relevant to companies that have more
employees.
• Companies with larger number of employees is expected to be faster in applying PSAK 24 (2013) because the
standard is closely related to the company's obligation to its employees and also government regulations relating to the welfare of employees.
• H2: Companies with a larger number of employees
have possibility in implementing PSAK 24 (2013) earlier.
Literature Review
– hyphotesis 3• To run its business activities the company needs funds from creditor. • The companies that have high debt equity ratio should have more
accountability and transparency, because creditor need the information to analyze the credit investment.
• The application of IAS 24 Revised 2013 influence to changes in the
value of liabilities and equity.
• Companies with a larger debt to equity is expected to be faster in applying IAS 24 Revised, 2013. The companies wanted to disclose impact of changes in accounting standard earlier to creditors.
• H3: Companies with a larger Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) have
possibility in implementing PSAK 24 (2013) earlier.
Literature Review
– hyphotesis 4• Harahap (2010) found that companies that have large changes
of return on equity (ROE) would adopted PSAK 24 earlier.
• PSAK 24 result significance change in equity because
unrealized gain or loss actuarial will present as part of equity. If the company have unrealized actuarial losses, the total equity will decrease.
• The company with the change of positive ROE (favorable) is expected to be faster in applying PSAK 24 (2013).
• H4: Companies with a larger change in Return On Equity
(ROE) have possibility in implementing PSAK 24 (2013) earlier.
Literature Review
– hyphotesis 5• Harahap (2010) also mentions that companies audited by public
accounting firms were great also faster in applying PSAK 24 (2013).
• Large public accounting firm will generally be offered to clients to
implement the new standards as soon as possible, due to maintain its reputable and quality of services to client.
• Large public accounting firms have a better understand of new accounting standards than small ones. Generally big four
accounting firm issue module and give a training of the new standards
• The companies audited by big four accounting firms are expected to be faster in implementing PSAK 24 (2013).
• H5: Companies audited by a public accountant's office "Big 4" have possibility in implementing PSAK 24 (2013) earlier.
Research Method
16 Adoption Timingi = α0 + α1CAPi + EMPLOYEEi + α3DERi +
α4ROECHANGEi + α5AUDITORi + εi • Descriptive analysis
• This research uses regression model similar to the regression model on research Harahap (2010) with modifications.
Adoption Timing
: Dummy variable, the value 1 to companies that adopt PSAK 24 (2013) of the interim financial statements and the value 0 for companies that do not adopt in the interim financial report 2015
CAP : The market capitalization value in 2015
EMPLOYEE : The number of employees of the company in 2014 DER : Debt to Equity Ratio 2014
ROECHANGE : Return On Equity change from 2013 to 2014
Result and Discussion
- Data17
Criteria Amount of
Companies Companies listed in the Indonesia Stock
Exchange until December 31, 2015 518 The company which is newly registered in 2015 13 Companies that do not submit the Financial
Statements 2014 15
Companies with incomplete data 3 Total Observations (Sample) 487
• The research use the listed companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) until December 31, 2015.
• Purposes sample with criteria:
• Listed from Jan, 1 2015 and 2014
Result and Analysis -
18
Variabel N Mean DeviationStandard Minimum Maximum
Independent Variable:
CAP (Jutaan) 487 9.211.790 35.842.644 10.200 437.355.969
EMPLOYEE 487 3.577,40 10.287,56 2 156.097,00
DER 487 1,49 5,22 -64,71 28,19
ROECHANGE 487 0,52 66,14 0,01 946,3
Variabel Dummy:
Variabel N Sample Conditions Amount Percentage
Dependent Var - Adoption
Q1 487 Not yet Applied (0)Applied (1) 41572 14,80%85,20%
Q2 487 Not yet Applied (0)Applied (1) 115372 23,60%76,40%
Q3 487 Not yet Applied (0)Applied (1) 194293 39,60%60,40%
Independent Variable:
Data and Analysis
19
Description Q1 Q2 Q3
B Sig B Sig B Sig
CAP 0,458 0,000** 0,452 0,000** 0,372 0,000**
EMPLOYEE 0,051 0,134 0,066 0,035** 0,054 0,083*
DER -0,010 0,847 -0,030 0,534 -0,022 0,590
ROE 0,008 0,492 0,002 0,826 0,000 0,972
AUDITOR 0,393 0,183 0,060 0,812 0,275 0,202
Observation 487 487 487
Prob>Chi-Square
0 0 0
Data and Analysis - sensitivity
20
Description Q1 Q2 Q3
Coefficient P value Coefficient P value Coefficient P value
EMPLOYEE 0,137 0,000** 0,152 0,000** 0,135 0,000**
DER 0,002 0,962 -0,016 0,718 -0,013 0,730
ROE 0,001 0,935 -0,003 0,712 -0,005 0,565
AUDITOR 0,716 0,011** 0,393 0,097* 0,537 0,008**
Conclusion
21
Conclusion
There are many companies that have not applied PSAK 24 (2013) in interim
financial statements, even until the third quarter (Q3) 2015.
In Q1 there are 72 companies;
Q2 cumulatively there are 115 companies that have applied, while 372
companies have yet to implement.
In Q3 cumulatively There are 194 companies that have applied and 293
companies have not implemented.
Despite the increase of the company applying the PSAK 24 (2013) in an
interim financial report in 2013, but the company did not apply the amount still greater.
• Market capitalization and number of employees have significant effect on the application of PSAK 24 (2013) in the interim financial statements of 2015. • The results of the sensitivity test showed that the auditor has significant
Conclusion
22
Implication
• Regulators should provide more oversight or, if necessary sanctions for companies that do not implement the standard as appropriate. • The standard setters are expected to promote new standard to
financial statements prepare
Further Research