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H I D U P D A L A M M A S Y A R A K A T D A L A M
K ON T EK S ASAS L E G A L I T A S
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1 9 8 7
B E H L A I O J H T A . H U K U I f T I D A K . T E R T U L I S Y A N G H I D U P D A L A M M A S Y A R A K A T
D A L A H K D N T E K S A S A S L E G A L I T A S
D I A J U K A N U 1TTU K M E L E 1 T G K A P I T U G A S D A W M B M T O H I S Y A R A T - S Y A R A T O T T U K
M E N C A P A I G E L A R S A R J A J f A IiU K U M
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0 3 8 3 1 1 5 7 5
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1 9 8 7
S K R I P S I
B E R L A K U N Y A HUKUM T I D A K T E R T U L I S Y A N G H ID U P D A L A M M A S Y A R A K A T
DALAIN ICONTEKS A S A S L E G A L I T A S
S K R I P S I
D IA J U K A IT UNTUIC M E L E N G K A P I T U G A S
D A N M E M E N U H I S Y A R A T -S Y A R A T U N TU K
M E N C A P A I G E L A R S A R J A N A HUKUM
D O S U J I
H A R I P U R W A D I
OLEH M
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K.p e r p u s t a k a a n
U N I V E R S I T A S A l R L A N O Q A '
S U R A B A Y A j
033311575
D O SE N P E N G U J I
D A R W O T O , S . H
E A IC U L T A S HUICUM U N I V E R S I T A S A IR L A N G G A
S U R A B A Y A
1987
M o t t o
t
H i d u p d i d u n i a i n i t i d a k l a i n h a n y a l a h s e n d a g u r a u d a n
p e r m a i n a n . S e s u n g g u h n y a , a k h i r a t i t u l a h k e b i d u p a n y a n g
K A T A P E N G A H T A R
M e n g i n g a t b a h v /a a s a s l e g a l i t a s s e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u
a s a s y a n g f u n d a m e n t a l d a l a i n s u a t u n e g a r a h u l a u n , m a k a d a l a m
r a n g k a P o l i t i k H u k u m N a s i o n a l I n d o n e s i a , a s a s t e r s e b u t
t e t a p d i p e r t a h a n k a n e k s i s t e n s i n y a . N a m u n , k o n s e p s i a s a s l e g a l i t a s y a n g k i n i t e m m u s d a l a m p a s a l 1 a y a t ( 1 ) KUHP
p e r l u d i t i n j a u k e m b a l i d a l a m r a n g k a p e m b e n t u k a n KUHP b a r u .
H a l t e r s e b u t d i s e b a b k a n s e c a r a p r a k t i s d a l a m s i s t e m H u k u m
P i d a n a I n d o n e s i a , I iu k u m t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g h i d u p d a l a m
m a s y a r a k a t d i b e r l a k u k a n s e j a l a n d e n g a n b e r l a k u n y a K U H P s e
b a g a i H u lcu m t e r t u l i s . S e d a n g k a n p a s a l 1 a y a t ( 1 ) KUH P y a n g
r a e n g a n d u n g k o n s e p s i a s a s l e g a l i t a s t e r s e b u t t i d a k m e m u n g -
k i n k a n d i t e r a p k a n n y a H u k u m . t i d a k t e r t u l i s .
I d e p e n u l i s a n i n i m u n c u l s e t e l a h s a y a m e n g a d a k a n
p e n g a n a l i s i s a n t e r h a d a p b e b e r a p a p u t u s a n p e n g a d i l a n d a n
M a h k a m a h A g u n g , y a n g d a r i s e m u a p u t u s a n i t u d a p a t d i k e t a h u i b a h w a p e r b u a t a n p i d a n a y a n g d i d a k w a k a n d i g a l i ( d i d a s a r k a n )
d a r i H u k u m t i d a k t e r t u l i s . A k i b a t n y a , k e t e n t u a n p a s a l 1
a y a t ( t ) KUHP t e l a h d i s i m p a n g i *
D a l a m k e s e m p a t a n i n i , s e g a l a p u j i s y u k u r s a y a p e r - s e m b a h k a n k e p a d a A l l a h s u b h a n a h u w a t a f a l a k a r e n a h a n y a d e
n g a n r a h m a t , k a r u n i a d a n b e r k a h - N y a s e m u a p e k e r j a a n b e r a t
u n t u k p e n u l i s a n s k r i p s i i n i d a p a t d i s e l e s a i k a n . K i r a n y a
s e m u a c o b a a n - c o b a a n s e r t a h a m b a t a n - h a m b a t a n y a n g d i b e r i k a n
o l e h A l l a h s u b h a n a h u w a t a f a l a d a l a m m e n y e l e s a i k a n p e n u l i s a n
s k r i p s i I n i m e r u p a k a n u j i a n k e h i d u p a n y a n g h a r u s s a y a t e
r i m a s e b a g a i t e m p a a n u n t u k m e r a p e r t e b a l i m a n d a n m e n t a l .
K e p a d a y a n g t e r h o r m a t B a p a k H a r j o n o M i n t a r o e m , S . H .
y a n g b e r k e n a n m e n j a d i p e m b i m b i n g , s a y a m e n g u c a p k a n t e r i m a
k a s i h s e b e s a r - b e s a r n y a d a n s e m o g a A l l a h s u b h a n a h u w a t a ' a l a
b e r k e n a n m e n e r i m a s e g a l a a m a l b a k t i b e l i a u s e r t a m e l i m p a h -
k a n r a h m a t - N y a y a n g b e r l i p a t g a n d a * D i s e l a - s e l a k e s i b u k a n
y a n g s a n g a t p a d ' a t , b e l i a u t e l a h b e r k e n a n u n t u k m e m b i m b i n g
p e n u l i s a n s k r i p s i i n i .
D a l a m k e s e m p a t a n i n i p u l a , s a y a m e r a s a w a j i b m e n g u
c a p k a n t e r i m a k a s i h y a n g t u l u s k e p a d a P r o f • • H e r m i e n H a d i a t i K o e s w a d j i , S . H * y a n g d e n g a n c a r a n y a t e r s e n d i r i t e l a h m e n -
d i d i k d i r i s a y a u n t u k d a p a t b e r p i k i r k r i t i s d a n a n a l i t i s s e h i n g g a s a m p a i s a a t - s a a t s e k a r a n g i n i m a s i h t e r a s a b u a h -
n y a * S e c a r a k h u s u s , s a y a m e n y a m p a i k a n t e r i m a k a s i h y a n g
s e b e s a r - b e s a r n y a k e p a d a Y a y a s a n B e a s i s w a S u p e r s e m a r y a n g
s e l a m a i n i t e l a h m e m b e r i k a n b e a s i s w a k e p a d a d i r i s a y a s e
h i n g g a b a n y a k m e m b a n t u d a n m e n d o r o n g s e m a n g a t d a l a m s t u d i
s a y a . U c a p a n t e r i m a k a s i h j u g a s a y a s a m p a i k a n k e p a d a T im
p e n g u j i i y a n g d e n g a n t e l i t i t e l a h m e m e r i k s a d a n m e m b e r i k a n
s a r a n , n a s i h a t u n t u k l e b i h m e n y e m p u r n a k a n s k r i p s i i n i *
y a n g d a p a t s a y a u c a p k a n , s e l a i n p e r a s a a n b a h a g i a d a n t e r i -
m a k a s i h k e p a d a s e g e n a p k e X u a r g a y a n g t e l a h m e m b e r i k a n p e n g o r b a n a n d a n b a n t u a n b e r u p a a p a p u n s e l a m a w a k t u m e m p e r -
s i a p k a n s a m p a i m e n y e l e s a i k a n s k r i p s i i n i ,
T i a d a g a d i n g y a n g t a k r e t a k , s k r i p s i i n i s a y a p e r -
s e m b a h k a n k e p a d a a i m a m a t e r d a n N e g a r a k u I n d o n e s i a , S e m o g a , s k r i p s i i n i b e t a p a p u n k e c i l n y a d a p a t m e m b e r i k a n s u m b a n g a n
s e r t a m a n f a a t y a n g b e s a r , .
S u r a b a y a , M e i 1 9 8 7
H a r i P u r v / a d i
D A P T A R I S I
K A T A P E N G A N T A R
D A F T A R I S I . . .
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PENDAH U LU AH
1 . P e i m a s a l a h a n : L a t a r B e l a k a n g d a n R u
-m u s a n n y a ... ...
1
2 * P e n j e l a s a n d a n A l a s a n P e m i l i h a n
J u d u l ... . . . ... ..
8
3 * T u j u a n P e n u l i s a n . . . 9
4 . M e t o d o l o g i P e n u l i s a n . . . ... 1 0
5 * P e r t a n g g u n g j a v / a b a n S i s t e m a t i k a ... 1 0
HUKUM T I D A K T E R T U L I S Y A N G H I D U P D A LA M M A S Y A R A K A T
1 . P e n g e r t i a n ... ... 1 4
2 . R e l e v a n s i H u k u m T i d a k T e r t u l i s y a n g H i d u p d a l a m M a s y a r a k a t d e n g a n D i n a -
m i k a S o s i a l ... . . . . ... 2 0 3 * E f e k t i f i t a s B e r l a k u n y a H u k u m T i d a k
T e r t u l i s y a n g H i d u p d a l a m M a s y a r a
k a t ... ... ... ... ... 2 5
A S A S L E G A L I T A S D A L A M IC IT A B U H D A N G -U N D A N G
HUKUM P I D A H A
2 . K o n s e p s i d a n P e n g e r t i a n A s a s L e g a
l i t a s ( P a s a l 1: A y a t ( 1 ) K U H P ) ... 4 0
B A B I V : P E N G A R U H B E R L A K U N Y A HUKUM T I D A K 'J W T U L I S
Y A N G H ID U P D A LA M M A S Y A R A K A T T E R H A D A P P A
S A L 1! A Y A T ( 1 ) KUHP
1 . E f e k t i f i t a s P a s a l 1: A y a t ( 1 ) KUHP 4 9
2 . S u a t u P e r s p e k t i f ... 5 3
3 . P o k o k P i k i r a n D a s a r H a k i m d a l a m M e n g -
k o n k r i t i s a s i P a s a l 1 A y a t ( 1 ) KUHP . 5 6
4 * K r i m i n a l i s a s i T e r h a d a p P e r b u a t a n
P i d a n a y a n g B e r s u m b e r p a d a H u k u m
T i d a k T e r t u l i s d a l a m M o d i f i k a s i I I u
-k u m P i d a n a • . . ... 6 0
B A B V : P E N U T U P
1:* K e s i m p u l a n ...
66
2 . S a r a n - s a r a n ... ... 6 9
D A P T A R B A C A A N
P E N H A E U I i U A N
1 » P e i m a s a l a h a n : L a t a r B e l a k a n g d a n R u m u s a n n y a
P e r k e m b a n g a n i l m u p e n g e t a h u a n d a n t e k n o l o g i ( I P T E K )
s u d a h b a r a n g t e n t u a k a n d i i k u t i d e n g a n p e r u b a h a n - p e r u b a h a n
s o s i a l # - S e j a l a n d e n g a n h a l i t u , m a k a a k a n m e m b o w a p e n g a r u h
t e r h a d a p k e h a d i r a n H u k u m P i d a n a , y a i t u , t i m b u l n y a i c e t e g a n g a n -
k e t e g a n g a n a n t a r a s t r u k t u r u n d a n g - u n d a n g d e n g a n p e : ; t u m b u h a n
m a s y a r a k a t # K e t e g a n g a n - k e t e g a n g a n t e r s e b u t a d a l a h t e r j a d i -
n y a s i t u a s i k e j a r - m e n g e j a r a n t a r a u n d a n g - u n d a n g d e n g a n
p e r a b a h a r u a n - p e m b a h a r u a n s o s i a l . s e r t a p e r u b a h a n n y a . ' a d a
s u a t u s a a t a k a n . t e r j a d i k e t e g a n g a n " e v o l u s i o n e r
" 1
v y a i t u ,u n d a n g - u n d a n g m e n j a d i t e r b e l a k a n g a t a u t e r k e j a r o l e h k e j a -
d i a n - k e j a d i a n k e m a s y a r a k a t a n , s e h i n g g a t e r j a d i k e t i d a k s e i m -
b a n g a n a n t a r a h a l - h a l y a n g d i a t u r o l e h u n d a n g - u n d a n g d e n g a n a s p e k - a s p e k k e h i d u p a n m a s y a r a k a t # D e n g a n . k a t a l a i n , H u lcu m
P i d a n a t i d a k l a g i d a p a t m e n c u k u p i k e b u t u h a n m a s y a r a k a t d a
l a m m e n y e l e s a i k a n m a s a l a h - m a s a l a h y a n g t i m b u l d a l a m m a s y a
r a k a t # A t a s d a s a r p o k o k p i k i r a n t e r s e b u t , m a lc a d a l a m b i d a n g B A S I
**R o e s l a n S a l e h , S e f t i L a i n H u k u m P i d a n a , G h a l i a I n d o n e s i a , J a k a r t a , 1 9 8 4 ( s e l a n j u t n y a d i s i n g k a t R o e s l a n S a l e h I ) , h *
50
.p e l a k s a n a a n H u lcu m P i d a n a , f a k t o r - f a k t o r p e r t u n i b u h a n a t a u
p e r k e m b a n g a n m a s y a r a k a t d a p a t d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n d a t a n g k a n
k e p u t u s a n h a k i m y a n g d a p a t m e m b e r i k a n k e p u a s a n k e p a d a p i -
h a k - p i h a k y a n g b e r s a n g k u t a n k a r e n a s e s u a i d e n g a n r a s a k e
a d i l a n * H a l t e r s e b u t a t a s d a s a r b a h v /a d a l a m p e n y e l e n g g a r a a n
p e r a d i l a n o l e h h a k i m , t e n t u s e l u r u h m a s y a r a k a t m e n g h a r a p k a n
b a h v / a h a k i m i t u a k a n m e n j a l a n k a n H u la u n y a n g b e r l a k u t e r h a
d a p p e r k a r a y a n g d i t a n g a n i n y a , t i d a k h a n y a s e s u a i d e n g a n
H u k u m s a j a , t e t a p i j u g a s e s u a i d e n g a n k e s a d a r a n H u k u m d a n r a s a k e a d i l a n m a s y n r a k a t *
S e h u b u n g a n d e n g a n h a l t e r s e b u t , m a k a p e r a n a n h a k i m
s e b a g a i p e n e g a k H u k u m m e n e n t u k a n s e k a l i , y a i t u , p a d a s a a t k e t e n t u a n - k e t e n t u a n H u lcu m n t i d a k j e l a s " a t a u " k u r a n g j e l a s " ,
l e b i h - l e b i h k e t i k a b e l u m a d a k e t e n t u a n H u la u n P i d a n a y a n g
m e n g a t u r n y a * P a d a h a l d i b a g i a n l a i n , d a l a m k o n s i s t e n s i n y a
d e n g a n p e r k e m b a n g a n t e n t a n g p a n c l a n g a n - p a n d a n g a n t e r h a d a p H u lcu m d a n f u n g s i n y a , m a k a h a k i m d i t u n t u t u n t u k m e m a n d a n g
b a h w a H u k u m b u k a n s e b a g a i " t o o l f o r s o c i a l e n g i n e e r i n g " ,
" a l a t u n t u k m e r u b a h m a s y a r a k a t " b e l a l c a , y a n g p a d a h a k i k a t n y a
s e n a n t i a s a m e n g u k u r n o r m a - n o r m a H u lcu m b e r d a s a r l c a n e f e k t i v i - t a s n y a ( b e k e r j a n y a d a l a m k e n y a t a a n ) s a j a . L e b i h d a r i i t u ,
H u k u m j u g a h a r u s m e r u p a k a n " a s p . i r a s i u n t u k k e a d i l a n " d a n
" l e g i t i m i t a s " . P a n d a n g a n i n i m e n e n t a n g p a n d a n g a n H u la u n y a n g
d o g m a t i s t r a d i t i o n a l d i s a t u p i h a k d a n m e n e n t a n g p a n d a n g a n
t e n t a n g H u lcum s e b a g a i i n s t m i n e n b e l a k a d a l a m m e l a l c u k a n k e -
b i j a l c s a n a a n ( b e l e i d s i n s t r u m e n t ) p e n g u a s a d i l a i n p i h a k *
P a n d a n g a n t e r s e b u t d i m a k s u d k a n u n t u k m e n a n g g u l a n g i p e n y a -
l a h g u n a a n p e n g e t a h u a n d a n k e k u a s a a n d a r i s e k e l o m p o k a h l i
y a n g k a r e n a k e d u d u k a n n y a m e m p u n y a i k e m a m p u a n u n t u k m e n e n
t u k a n s e s u a t u y a n g " b a i k " c . q . y a n g " f u n g s i o n a l
11
u n t u k m a - ps y a r a k a t . O l e h k a r e n a i t u , h a k i m h a r u s b e r g u l a t d i a n t a r a
" k e k a k u a n " u n d a n g - u n d a n g d a n " k e s i m p a n g s i u r a n " y a n g m u n g -
k i n d i t i m b u l k a n d a n h a r u s d i s e l e s a i k a n .
D a l a m l a p a n g a n H u lcu m I n d o n e s i a , p e r k e m b a n g a n p e r u n d a n g -
u n d a n g a n p i d a n a t a m p a k d i m u l a i d e n g a n k e l u a r n y a u n d a n g -
u n d a n g N o m o r 1 T a h u n 1 9 4 6 ( s e l a n j u t n y a d i s i n g k a t UU T T o.1
T h n .
1946
) y a n g m e n g a n d u n g k e t e n t u a n p e r a l i h a n , p a s a l - p a s a ly a n g p r e s u m t i f d a n p r o v i s o r i s s e r t a t r a n s i t o i r s i f a t n y a , y a n g a k a n m e n g h a n t a r l c a n k i t a p a d a K i t a b U n d a n g - u n d a n g H ulcum P i d a n a ( s e l a n j u t n y a d i s i n g k a t K U H P ) b a r u y a n g n a s i o n a l s i "
*
f a t n y a . T e r n y a t a , d a l a m k a i t a n n y a d e n g a n p e r k e m b a n g a n
p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n s e s u d a h n y a b a n y a k m e n l m b u l k a n p r o b l e m a *
S e j a r a h p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n r a e n u n j u k k a n b a J iv /a U U N o * 1
‘ ' S u d a r t o , H u k u m P i d a n a d a n P e r k e m b a n g a n M a s y a r a k a t ; k a . j i a n t e r h a d a p p e m b a h a r u a n h u lc u m - p i d a n a , S i n a r l - F a r u , B a n d u n g " , 1 § 8 3 , h . 1 2 .
•7.
T h n . 1 9 4 6 y a n g s e t e l a h m e l a m p a u i p a s e " p l u r a l i s m e " H u k u m
P i d a n a d i r a a s i n g - m a s i n g d a e r a h , y a i t u d a e r a h R e p u b l i k I n d o
n e s i a y a n g m e l i p u t i ; d a e r a h Y o g y a k a r t a ( d a h u l i ; ) d a n d a e r a l i
y a n g m e n g g a b u n g k a n k e p a d a R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a - Y o g y a k a r t a ,
s e r t a d a e r a h - d a e r a h y a n g t i d a k m e n g g a b u n g k a n d i r i d e n g a n
R e p u b l i k ‘ I n d o n e s i a - Y o g y a k a r t a , d i b e r l a k u k a n u n t u k s e l u r u h I n d o n e s i a s e j a k t a h u n 1 9 5 8 d e n g a n U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 7 3
T a h u n 1 9 5 8 L e r a b a r a n N e g a r a 1 9 5 8 - 1 2 7 ^ ( s e l a n j u t n y a d i s i n g k a t
UU I 'T o .7 3 T h n
.1958
LIT 1 9 5 8 - 1 2 7 ) . D e n g a n a d a n y a UU U o . 1 T h n .1946
j o . U U N o . 7 3 T h n . 1 9 5 8 t a m p a k j e l a s a d a n y a u s a h a p e m e -r i n t a h u n t u k m e n g a d a k a n " u n i f i k a s i " H u k u m p i d a n a y a n g m e -
n i t i k b e r a t k a n p a d a " H u k u m k o d i f i k a s i ” .
P a d a p a s e b e r i k u t n y a , r a u n c u l U n d a n g - u n d a n g D a r u r a t
I T o m o r 1 T a h u n 1 9 5 1 ( s e l a n j u t n y a d i s i n g k a t UU D a r . I T o .1
T h n . 1 9 5 1 ) y a n g m e n g a t u r t e n t a n g I C e s a t u a n S u s u n a n , K e k u a s a -
a n , d a n A c a r a P e n g a d i l a n S i p i l ; d i b i d a n g H u k u m P i d a n a m a
t e r i i l m e m b e r ! k e s e m p a t a n b a g i b e r l a k u n y a H u la u n y a n g " t i
d a k t e r t u l i s " . O l e h k a r e n a i t u , d a l a m p r a k t e k m e m b e r i k a n
v / e v / e n a n g p a d a h a k i m b a h v /a d i s a m p i n g h a r u s m e n e r a p k a n H u k u m
y a n g " t e r t u l i s " , j u g a h a r u s m e n e r a p k a n H u lcu m y a n g " t i d a k
t e r t u l i s " y a n g b e n a r - b e n a r m a s i h h i d u p d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t .
J a d i , u n i f i k a c i b e l u m d a p a t d i k a t a k a n t e l a h t e r c a p a i d a l a m
4 I b i d . , h . 3 5 .
H u k u m P i d a n a I n d o n e s i a , m e n g i n g a t d i s a m p i n g m a s i h d i p e r t a -
h a n k a n b e r l a k u n y a 'H u k u m P i d a n a A d a t u n t u k s e m e n t a r a w a k t u
b a g i k a u l a - k a u l a ( d a h u l u ) s w a p r a j a d i d a e r a h - d a e r a h : S u
m a t r a T i m u r , K a l i m a n t a n B a r a t , I n d o n e s i a T i m u r , d a n b a g !
o r a n g - o r a n g I n d o n e s i a a s l i y a n g d i b e r b a g a i d a e r a h t u n d u k
a t a u d a h u l u t u n d u k p a d a p e r a d i l a n a d a t , s e s u a i d e n g a n k e t e n
t u a n y a n g t e r c a n t u m d a l a m p a s a l 5 a y a t ( 3 ) b UU D a r . N o . 1
T h n . 1 9 5 1 , t e t a p i j u g a k a r e n a d i n e g a r a k i t a s a m p a i t a n g g a l
29
S e p t e m b e r1958
b e r l a k u J C i t a b U n d a n g - u n d a n g H u lcu m P i d a n a5
d a n H u k u m P i d a n a A d a t s e c a r a b e r d a m p i n g a n . B e r k a i t a n d e
n g a n h a l t e r s e b u t d i a t a s , m a k a p a s a l 1 4 U n d a n g - u n d a n g H o
m o 1 4 T a h u n
1970
( s e l a n j u t n y a d i s i n g k a t UU N o . 1 4 T h n . 1 9 7 0 )m e m b e r i k a n d o k t r i n p a d a h a k i m k h u s u s n y a , y a i t u , t i d a k b o l e h
m e n o l a k u n t u k m e m e r i k s a d a n m e n g a d i l i s u a t u p e r k a r a v a n g d i a j u k a n d e n g a n d a l i h b a h w a H u lcu m " t i d a k " a t a u " l e u r a n g "
j e l a s * B a h k a n d i d a l a m p a s a l 2 7 a y a t ( 1 ) UU N o . 1 4 T h n . 1 9 7 0
s e r t a p e n j e l a s a n n y a m e m b e r i k a n w e w e n a n g s e p e n u h n y a k e p a d a
h a k i m u n t u k m e m u t u s p e r k a r a y a n g d i h a d a p k a n k e p a d a n y a s e
s u a i d e n g a n r a s a k e a d i l a n y a n g h i d u p d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t .
L e b i h j a u h l a g i , p a d a h a k i k a t n y a UU N o - 1 4 T h n . 1 9 7 0 h e n d a k
m e n e m p a t k a n h a k i m p a d a f u n g s i n y a s e b a g a i " p e n e m u " d a n ” p e m -
b e n t u k " H u lc u m * D e n g a n d e m i k i a n , h a k i m m e r u p a k a n p e n g i s i
k e k o s o n g a n - k e k o s o n g a n H u k u m , s e m e n t a r a b c l u m d i k e j a r o l e h
p e m b e n t u k u n d a n g - u n d a n g ( l e g i s l a t i f ) d e n g a n p e n c i p t a a n
u n d a n g - u n d a n g b a r u *
M e n y a d a r i k e a d a a n - k e a d a a n s e b a g a i m a n a d i a t a s , m a k a
T a p M PR r v / r - I P R / 1 9 7 3 y a n g u n t u k p e r t '- a m a k a l i n y a m e m u a t " p o - l i t i k h u lc u m n a s i o n a l " d a l a m r a n g k a p e m b e n t u k a n Ilu lcu ra H a s i -
o n a l I n d o n e s i a , d i s a m p i n g u n i f i k a s i d a n k o d i f i k a s i , j u g a
s e j a u h m u n g k i n d i p e r h i t u n g k a n H u lcu m y a n g h i d u p d a l a m m a s y a
r a k a t *
B e r l a l c u n y a H u k u m t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g h i d u p d a l a m
m a s y a r a k a t , k h u s u s n y a H u lcu m P i d a n a A d a t k e d a l a m l a p a n g a n
H u lcu m I n d o n e s i a a k a n m e m b a v /a p e n g a r u h t e r h a d a p H ulcum P i d a n a N a s i o n a l , d a l a m a r t i , m e m p e n g a r u h i p e l a k s a n a a n KUHP*
K U H P s e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u m a n i f e s t a s i d a r i "H U IC U M ",
s u d a h b a r a n g t e n t u m e n g a n d u n g " V / a t a k H u k u m " y a n g t e r s e n d i r i ,
y a n g m e n j a d i t e n d e n s d a r i k e s e l u r u h a n s i s t e m H u k u m P i d a n a i t u . W a t a k H u lcu m t e r s e b u t t e r c e r m i n d a l a m a s a s - a s a s H u lc u m ,
y a n g b e r f u n g s i m e n g u r a n g i k e s e w e n a n g - w e n a n g a n p e n g u a s a
s e r t a m e l i n d u n g i h a k - h a k a s a s i m a n u s i a . XUTiP y a n g t e l a h
d i b e r l a k u k a n s e c a r a n a s i o n a l b e r d a s a r k a n UU H o . 1 T h n . 1 9 4 6
j o . UU 3 J o * 7 3 T h n . 1 9 5 8 , m e n g a n d u n g b e b e r a p a a s a s p o k o k , d i
a n t a r a n y a a d a l a h " a s a s l e g a l i t a s " y a n g d i k o n k r i t k a n d a l a m
p a s a l 1 a y a t ( 1 ) KUHP d e n g a n m e m p e r g u n a k a n i s t i l a h " a t u r a n p i d a n a d a l a m p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n " ( w e t t e l i j k e s t r a f b e p a l i n g )
y a n g m e n u n j u k p a d a "H u lcu m t e r t u l i s " a t a u y a n g d a l a m i l m u
H u k u m d i r u m u s k a n d e n g a n " E u l l u m d e l i c t u m n u l l a p o e n a s i n e
p r a e v i a l e g e p o e n a l i " , " N u l l a p o e n a s i n e l e g e " , " H u l l a
p o e n a s i n e c r i m i n e " , " N u l l u m c r i m e n s i n e l e g e " , a t a u " N u l l u m
c r i m e n s i n e p o e n a l e g a l i " .
S e h u b u n g a n d e n g a n p a s a l 1 4 d a n 2 7 UU N o . 1 4 T h n . 1 9 7 0
s e r t a p a s a l 5 a y a t ( 3 ) b UU D a r * N o . 1 T h n . 1 9 5 1 , y a n g m em
b e r ! k e s e m p a t a n b a g i b e r l a k u n y a H u k u m t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g
b e n a r - b e n a r h i d u p d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t , d a n s e h u b u n g a n d e n g a n
p o l i t i k h u k u m n a s i o n a l y a n g m e m b e r i a r a h k e p a d a u n i f i k a s i
d a n k o d i f i k a s i H u k u m P i d a n a N a s i o n a l s e r t a m e m p e r h a t i k a n
H u k u m y a n g h i d u p d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t , m a k a d a l a m k a i t a n n y a
d e n g a n p a s a l 1 a y a t ( 1 ) I C u u P , m e n i m b u l k a n p e r m a s a l a h a n . I d e n t i f i k a s i m a s a l a h y a n g d a p a t d i r u m u s k a n a d a l a h s e b a g a i
b e r i k u t :
1 * B a g a i m a n a k a n d a y a l a k u a s a s l e g a l i t a s ( p a s a l 1 a y a t ( 1 ) K U IIP ) t e r h a d a p b e r l a k u n y a H u k u m t i d a k
t e r t u l i s y a n g h i d u p d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t ?
2
. B a g a i m a n a k a h p e r s p e k t i f a s a s l e g a l i t a s d a l a mr a n g k a t e r c a p a i n y a p o l i t i k h u k u m n a s i o n a l s e b a g a i m a n a T a p M PR I V / M P R / 1 9 7 3 ( y a i t u , d a l a m r a n g k a
t e r b e n t u k n y a KUIIP b a r u ) ?
3 * S e b e r a p a j a u h k a h p e r a n a n H u k u m ' t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g
h i d u p d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t d a l a m r a n g k a m o d i f i k a s i
2 . P e n . j e l a s a n d a n A l a s a n P e m i l i h a n J u d u l
Y a n g d i m a k s u d d e n g a n " B e r l a l c u n y a H u la u n 'T i d a k T e r t u
l i s y a n g H i d u p d a l a m M a s y a r a k a t " d a l a m j u d u l s k r i p s i i n i
a d a l a h e f e k t i f n y a k e t e n t i ’. a n - k e t e n t u a n H u k u m t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g h i d u p d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t d a l a m m e n y e l e s a i k a n m a s a l a h *-
m a s a l a h y a n g t i m b u l d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t * D e n g a n k a t a l a i n ,
b e r f u n g s i n y a k e t e n t u a n - k e t e n t u a n H u la u n t i d a k t e r t u l i s d a l a i n
p r a k t e k p e r a d i l a n p i d a n a , a t a u d i t e r a p k a n n y a k e t e n t u a n -
k e t e n t u a n H u la u n t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g h i d u p d a l a i n m a s y a r a k a t
t e r h a d a p p e r b u a t a n - p e r b u a t a n p i d a n a , b a i k y a n g a d a p a s a l
b a n d i n g a n n y a d i d a l a i n K U H P , m a u p u n y a n g t i d a k m e m p u n y a i
k e t e n t u a n b a n d i n g a n d i d a l a m K U H P .
Y a n g d i m a k s u d d e n g a n " D a l a m X o n t e k s A s a s l e g a l i t a s "
a d a l a h d a l a i n r a n g k a d i a n u t n y a p a s a l 1 a y a t (1 ) KUIIP d a l a m
l a p a n g a n H u k u m P i d a n a I n d o n e s i a . A t a u d a l a m h a l p a s a l 1 a y a t (
1
) KUHP m a s i h d i j a d i k a n a s a s ( l a n d a s a n ) p o k o k d a l a mr a n g k a b e r l a k u n y a K U H P . D a l a i n k a i t a n n y a d e n g a n b e r l a k u n y a
H u la u n t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g h i d u p d a l a i n m a s y a r a k a t , m a k a a s a s l e g a l i t a s a k a n d i s o r o t i d a r i s e g i k o n s e p s i n y a .
. . D i g u n a k a n n y a i s t i l a h " H u k u m t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g h i d u p
d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t " d a n t i d a k d i g u n a k a n n y a i s t i l a h " H u la u n
P i d a n a A d a t " , m e n g i n g a t p a s a l 1 4 d a n 2 7 UU H o . 1 4 T h n . 1 9 7 0
d a n p e n j e l a s a n n y a s e r t a U U D a r . rTo.-1 T h n . 1 9 5 1 m e n g i n t r o d u -
s i r i s t i l a h " H u la u n t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g h i d u p d a l a m m a s y a r a
k a t , d e m i k i a n j u g a T a p M PR I V / M P R / T 9 7 3 y a n g r n e m u a t p o l i t i k
h u lc u m n a s i o n a l . S e d a n g k a n i s t i l a h “ H u k u m P i d a n a A d a t " d i
a n g g a p s e b a g a i b a g i a n d a r i H u k u m t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g h i d u p d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t , m e n g i n g a t H u k u m t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g h i
d u p , d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t d a p a t j u g a m e r u p a k a n k e b i a s a a n , y a n g
p a d a h a k i k a t n y a b u k a n H u lcum P i d a n a A d a t . D i s a m p i n g i t u ,
d i g u n a k a n n y a i s t i l a h ’ ’H u lcu m t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g h i d u p d a l a m
m a s y a r a k a t
’1
a d a l a h u n t u k r n e n g k o n t r a d i k s i k a n d e n g a n p e n g e r t i a n u n d a n g - u n d a n g , y a n g m e n u n j u k p a d a H u k u m t e r t u l i s , s e b a g a i
m a n a t e r u m u s d a l a m p a s a l 1 a y a t ( 1 ) K U H P .
5 . T u . j u a n P e n u l i s a n
P e n u l i s a n i n i s e c a r a k e s e l u r u h a n d i m a k s u d k a n u n t u k
m e l e n g k a p i t u g a s d a n m e m e n u h i s y a r a t - s y a r a t u n t u k m e n c a p a i
g e l a r " S a r j a n a H u l c u m " . L e b i h d a r i i t u , p e n u l i s a n i n i d i m a k
s u d k a n u n t u k m e n d a p a t k a n g a m b a r a n y a n g l e b i h j e l a s t e n t a n g
e k s i s t e n s i H ulcum t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g h i d u p d a l a m m a s y a r a
k a t d a l a m s i s t e m H u k u m P i d a n a I n d o n e s i a , d e n g a n t u j u a n m a k -
s i m a l :
T * M e n c a r i p e m b e n a r a n s e c a r a y u r i d i s d a n r a s i o n a l
s e r t a e m p i r i s t e n t a n g e k s i s t e n s i H u k u m t i d a k
t e r t u l i s y a n g h i d u p d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t d a l a m r a n g k a
b e r l a k u n y a p a s a l
J\
a y a t (1 ) K U I iP ;2
. M e n g i d e n t i f i k a s i h a l - h a l y a n g m e n j a d i p e n g h a m b a tb e r l a k u n y a H u lcu m t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g h i d u p d a l a m
3 « M e n c a r i k o r a n g k a k o n s e p s i o n a l t e n t a n g a s a s l e g a
l i t a s , s e h i n g g a m e n u n j a n g a t a u m e m u n g k i n k a n b e r
l a k u n y a H u k u m t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g h i d u p d a l a m
m a s y a r a k a t .
Am
M e t o d o l o g i P e n u l i s a nP e n i n j a u a n d a l a m s k r i p s i i n i m e r u p a k a n a n a l i o i s s e
c a r a i n t e r d i s i p l i n o r , d a l a w a r t i , d i s a m p i n g b e r a n j a k d a r i
s u d u t p a n d a n g I lu k u m P i d a n a , j u g a m e m a n f a a t k a n s u d u t p a n d a n g
k r i m i n o l o g i m a u p u n s o s i o l o g i , s e b a g a i m a n a t a i n p a k p a d a
p e r m u l a a n u r a i a n d i b a g i a n l a t a r b e l a k a n g d a n k e r a n g k a t e -
o r i t i s , s e b a g a i f a k t o r p e n u n j a n g .
P e n y a j i a n t u l i s a n i n i b a n y a k m e n g u n g k a p k a n h a s i l d a
r i s t u d i k e p u s t a k a a n d e n g a n m e m b a c a b u k u - b u . k u y a n g r e l e v a n
d e n g a n t u j u a n p e n u l i s a n i n i s e r t a a n a l i s i s b e b e r a p a p u t u
s a n p e n g a d i l a n d a n M a h k a m a h A g u n g , D i l a k u k a n n y a s t u d i d o - k u m e n d i m a k s u d k a n u n t u k m e m p e r o l e h b a h a n - b a h a n r u j u k a n ,
s e h i n g g a d i u s a h a k a n s e j a u h m u n g k i n m e m p e r o l e h b a h a n b e r u p a :
k o n s e p s i - k o n s e p s i , a s a s - a s a s H u lcu m d a n d o k t r i n i l m u p e n g e -
t a h u a n . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n , p a d a d a s a r n y a d a t a - d a t a y a n g d i -
p e r o l e h s e h u b u n g a n h a l t e r s e b u t d i a t a s b e r s i f a t " s e k u n d e r " .
5 * P e r t a n f t g u n g . i a v / a b a n S l s t e m a t i k a
D i d a l a m s k r i p s i i n i , t e r d a p a t 5 b a b , y a n g m a s i n g -
m a s i n g b e r j u d u l : P e n d a h u l u a n , H u k u m T i d a k T e r t u l i s y a n g
H i d u p d a l a m M a s y a r a k a t , A s a s l e g a l i t a s d a l a m K i t a b U n d a n g -
u n d a n g H u k u m P i d a n a , P e n g a r u h B e r l a k u n y a H u lcu m T i d a k T e r
t u l i s y a n g H i d u p d a l a m M a s y a r a k a t t e r h a d a p P a s a l 1 a y a t (
1
)KUIIP d a n P e r n t u p *
P a d a b a g i a n P e n d a h u l u a n ( B a b X ) m e m u a t a l a s a n t e n t a n g
p e r l u n y a ' p e n u l i s a n d i l a k u k a n , y a n g d i s e r t a i d e n g a n i d e n t i -
f i k a s i m a s a l a h , t u j u a n p e n u l i s a n s e r t a p e n j e l a s a n d a n a l a s a n p e m i l i h a n j u d u l . D e m i k i a n p u l a , d i u r a i k a n g a r i s b e s a r m e -
t o d o l o g i d a n s i s t e m a t i k a p e n u l i s a n d e n g a n m a k s u d a g a r m e m -
p e r j e l a s d a s a r p e n u l i s a n s e r t a u r u t a n p e n u a n g a n p o k o k k a -
r a n g a n y a n g t e r t u l i s d a l a m s k r i p s i i n i .
M a s a l a h H u k u m t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g h i d u p d a l a i n m a s y a
r a k a t , b a i k t e n t a n g k o n s e p s i , m a u p u n s e j a r a h n y a a k a n d i b a h a s
d a l a m B a b I I . K e m u d i a n , s e c a r a k h u s u s m e m a s u k i t e n t a n g
r e l e v a n s i b e r l a l a x n y a H u k u m t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g h i d u p d a l a m
m a s y a r a k a t d e n g a n d i n a m i k a s o s i a l ( s u b
2
) , s e l a n j u t n y a d i b a h a s t e n t a n g e f e k t i f i t a s H u lcu m t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g h i d u p
d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t ( s u b
3
) * B p r t o l a k d a r i s i s t e m a t i k a i n i , d i h a r a p k a n d a p a t d i k e t a h u i e k s i s t e n s i H u k u m t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g h i d u p d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t d a l a m ' s i s t e m H u k u m P i d a n a
I n d o n e s i a .
P e m b a h a s a n d a l a m B a b I I I t e n t a n g A s a s L e g a l i t a s d a
l a m K U H P , y a n g d i d a h u l u i d e n g a n u r a i a n t e n t a n g k o n s e p s i
k a n b e r l a k u n y a I lu k u m t i d a k t e r t u l i s . P a d a b a g i a n a k h i r d a -
r i b a b i n i , d i b a h a s t e n t a n g b e r l a k u n y a H u k u m t i d a k t e r t u l i s
y a n g h i d u p d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t d a l a m k a i t a n n y a d e n g a n u s a h a
k o d i f i k a s i d a n u n i f i k a s i I lu k u m P i d a n a N a s i o n a l .
P a d a a k h i r n y a , d i d a l a m B a b V , d i s u s u n k e s i m p u l a n
u m um b a h v /a k a r e n a p e r k e m b a n g a n i l m u p e n g e t a h u a n d a n t e k n o -
l o g i , k o n d i s i s e r t a k e n y a t a a n m a s y a r a k a t ; m a k a k o n s e p s i
a s a s l e g a l i t a s s e b a g a i m a n a p a s a l 1 a y a t (1 ) KUHP t i d a k m e -
m u n g k i n k a n u n t u k t e t a p d i p e r t a h a n k a n , m e n g i n g a t d a l a m s i s -
t e m H u k u m P i d a n a I n d o n e s i a d i m u n g k i n k a n b e r l a k u n y a H u k u m
t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g b e n a r - b e n a r h i d u p d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t .
K e m u d i a n , d i k e m u k a k a n t e n t a n g s a r a n - s a r a n d a l a m r a n g k a t e
t a p d i p e r t a h a n k a n n y a a s a s l e g a l i t a s d a n d i b e r l a k u k a n n y a
HUKUM T ID A IC T E R T U L I S Y A N G H I D U P D A L A M M A S Y A R A K A T B A B I X
T » P e n g e r t i a n
U n t u k m e m p e r o l e h s u a t u g a m b a r a n y a n g J e l a s t e n t a n g
H u k u m . t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g h i d u p d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t , m a k a
p e r t a m a - t a m a h a r u s d i i n e n g e r t i d a h u l u t e n t a n g p e n g e r t i a n n y a
a t a u d i k e t a h u i d a h u l u k o n s e p Hulcuirr t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g
h i d u p d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t . .
B e r b i c a r a t e n t a n g p e n g e r t i a n ( k o n s e p ) H u k u m t i d a k
t e r t u l i s y a n g h i d u p d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t , m a k a m u l a - m u l a y a n g
m e n j a d i p o k o k p a n g k a l b e r p i j a k a d a l a h k e t e n t u a n - k e t e n t u a n H u k u m y a n g m e n g a t u r t e n t a n g H u k u m t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g h i
d u p d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t . I r o n i n y a , b a i k p a s a l 5 a y a t ( 3 ) b
UU D a r * N o » 1 : T h n . 1 9 5 T , m a u p u n p a s a l 1 4 d a n 2 7 UU N o . 1 4
T h n . 1 :9 7 0 s e r t a T a p . M PR I V / M P R / 1 9 7 3
,
y a n g k e t i g a n y a m e n g -i n t r o d u s i r i s t i l a h H u k u m t i d a k t e r t u l i s a t a u H u k u m y a n g
h i d u p d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t , t i d a k s a t u p u n y a n g m e m b e r i k a n
p e n j e l a s a n t e r h a d a p i s t i l a h t e r s e b u t . O l e h k a r e n a i t u ,
m a s i h b e l u m t e r d a p a t k e s a t u a n p e n d a p a t t e n t a n g p e n g e r t i
a n n y a *
P a d a u m u m n y a p a r a s a r j a n a m e m a h a m i ( m e n a m a k a n )
H u k u m t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g h i d u p d a l a m . m a s y a r a k a t s e b a g a i
1 4
H u k u m A d a t * J i k a y a n g d i m a k s u d H u k u m . t i d a k t e i t t u l i s y a n g
h i d u p d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t a d a l a h H u k u m A d a t , m a k a i t u p u n t e r - d a p a t b a n y a k p e n g e r t i a n y a n g d i b e r i k a n o l e h p a r a s a r j a n a *
C . v a n V o l l e n h o v e n , y a n g d i a n g g a p s e b a g a i b a p a k
l l m u H u k u m A d a t m e m b a g i I n d o n e s i a d a l a m 1 9 l i n g k u n g a n H u k u m A d a t , y a i t u : l i n g k u n g a n H u k u m . A c e h , T a n a h G a y o ,
A l a s d a n B a t a k , N i a s , T a n a h M i n a n g k a b a u , H e n t a v / a i , S u m a t r a
S e l a t a n , T a n a h M e l a y u , B a n g k a d a n B e l i t u n g , K a l i m a n t a n ,
M i n a h a s a , G o r o n t a l o , T a n a h T o r a j a , S u l a w e s i S e l a t a n , K e -
p u l a u a n T e r n a t e , M a l u k u , A m b o n , I r i a n , K e p u l a u a n T i m o r ,
B a l i d a n L o m b o k , J a v a T e n g a h , J a v /a . T iir a u r s e r t a M a d u r a ,
D a e r a h I C e r a j a a n ( S o l o d a n Y o g y a k a r t a ) , d a n J a w a B a r a t .
D i d a l a m b u k u " H e t A d a t R e c h t v a n N e d e r l a n d I n d i e 11, v a n V o l l e n h o v e n m e m b e r i k a n p e n g e r t i a n t e n t a n g H u k u m A d a t
s e b a g a i H u k u m y a n g t i d a k b e r s u m b e r k e p a d a p e r a t u r a n
p e r a t u r a n y a n g d i b u a t o l e h p e m e r i n t a h H i n d i a B e l a n d a d a -h u l u a t a u a l a t - a l a t k e k u a s a a n l a i n y a n g m e n j a d i s e n d i n y a
7
d a n d i a d a k a n s e n d i r i o l e h k e k u a s a a n B e l a n d a d a h u l u * P a d a
b a g i a n l a i n , d i k a t a k a n b a h w a p e r a t u r a n - p e r a t u r a n a d a t i t u
b e r s i f a t H u k u m a p a b i l a p e r a t u r a n - p e r a ’t u r a n t i n g k a h l a k u
^ B u s h a r M u h a m m a d , A s a s - a s a s H u k u m A d a t ( S u a t u P e - n g a n t a r ) , P r a d n y a P a r a m i t a , J a k a r t a , 1 9 8 1 , h . 9 9 - 1 0 0 *
T e n t a n g y a n g d i m a k s u d H u lcum t i d a k t e r t u l i s d a l a m
p a s a l 5 R a n c a n g a n U n d a n g - u n d a n g t e r s e b u t , d a p a t d i p a h a m i
m e l a l u i p e n j e l a s a n p a s a l 2 - n y a , y a n g r a e n y a t a k a n b a h v /a " H u k u m t i d a k t e r t u l i s , y a n g b i a s a n y a d i s e b u t H u k u m A d a t ( g a -
r i s b a w a h d a r i s a y a ) , m e m p u n y a i p i k u k u h - p i k u k u h j u g a " .
J a d i , m e n u i u t R a n c a n g a n U n d a n g - u n d a n g t e n t a n g A s a s - a s a s d a n D a s a r - d a s a r P o k o k T a t a H u k u m P i d a n a d a n H u k u m P i d a n a
I n d o n e s i a , y a n g d i m a k s u d " H u k u m t i d a k t e r t u l i s " a d a l a h
"H u lc u m A d a t " .
T e r h a d a p h a l t e r s e b u t , M o e l j a t n o m e m b e r i k a n t a n g g a p
-a n b -a h v / -a b u i c -a n l -a h H u k u m A d -a t s -a j -a y -a n g d i m -a k s u d d e n g -a n
H u k u m t i d a k t e r t u l i s d a l a m p a s a l 5 R a n c a n g a n U n d a n g - u n d a n g
t e r s e b u t . N a m u n , j u g a t e r m a s u k " p e n e m u a n H u k u m s e c a r a b e
-b a s " ( v r i j e r e c h t s v i n d i n g ) , y a i t u , h a k i m b e r w e n a n g u n t u k
m e n e n t u k a n b a h w a s u a t u p e r b u a t a n i t u s e b a g a i p e r b u a t a n
p i d a n a , m e n g i n g a t k e a d a a n - k e a d a a n t e r t e n t u s e r t a p e r a s a a n
1
2
s e h a r u s n y a d i p a n d a n g d e m i k i a n .
A t a s d a s a r k e t e r a n g a n - k e t e r a n g a n d i a t a s , m a k a d a
p a t d i p a k a i s e b a g a i p e g a n g a n t e r h a d a p p e n g e r t i a n Ilu lcu m
t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g h i d u p d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t , y a i t u : d i -
s a m p i n g " H u k u m A d a t " , d e n g a n p e n g e r t i a n s e b a g a i m a n a t e l a h d i s i m p u l k a n d a l a m s e m i n a r H u lcu m A d a t d a n P e m b i n a a n H u k u m
N a s i o n a l t a h u n 1 9 7 5 d i Y o g y a k a r t a , j u g a s e b a g a i m a n a p e n d a -
p a t M o e l j a t n o t e r h a d a p p a s a l 5 R a n c a n g a n U n d a n g - u n d a n g
t e n t a n g A s a s - a s a s d a n D a s a r - d a s a r P o k o k T a t a H u k u m P i d a n a
d a n H u k u m P i d a n a I n d o n e s i a , y a k n i , " p e n e m u a n H u k u m s e c a r a
b e b a s ” ( v r i j e r e c h t s v i n d i n g ) .
P e n g e r t i a n H u k u m t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g h i d u p d a l a m
m a s y a r a k a t s e p e r t i t e r s e b u t d i a t a s p a d a h a k i k a t n y a a k a n
s e s u a i d e n g a n j i w a UU N o , 1 4 T h n . H 9 7 0 ( y a i t u : d i s a m p i n g
m e m b e r i k a n p e l u a n g k e p a d a h a k i m s e b a g a i ’ 'p e n e m u " H u k u m ,
j u g a s e b a g a i “ p e m b e n t u k " I lu k u m *
2 . R e l e v a n s i H u k u m T i d a k T e r t u l i s y a n g H i d u p d a l a m M a s y a
r a k a t d e n g a n D i n a m i k a S o s i a l
K a i d a h - k a i d a h H u k u m s e b a g a i k o n k r i t i s a s i d a r i n i l a i -
n i l a i s o s i a l d a n b u d a y a t i d a k a k a n m u n g k i n d i l e p a s k a n d a r i
m a s y a r a k a t . H a l t e r s e b u t d i s e b a b k a n k a i d a h - k a i d a h , n i l a i -
n i l a i s o s i a l , s e r t a b u d a y a y a n g d i p e r l u k a n u n t u k m e n g a t u r m a s a l a h - m a s a l a h k e m a s y a r a k a t a n m e r u p a k a n h a s i l r a s a d a r i
k e b u d a y a a n . S e d a n g k a n k e b u d a y a a n i t u s e n d i r i a d a l a h s e m u a
h a s i l d a r i k a r y a , r a s a , d a n c i p t a m a s y a r a k a t . O l e h k a r e n a i t u , t e p a t l a h y a n g d i i k r a r k a n o l e h C i c e r o p a d a k u r a n g l e
-1
"5 b i h 2 0 0 0 t a h u n y a n g l a l u , y a i t u , nU b i s o c i e t a s , i b i i u s " . ^D e n g a n d e m i k i a n d a p a t l a h d i k a t a k a n b a h w a H u lcum i t u t i d a k
S o e r j o n o S o e k a n t o , o - p . c i t . , h . 4 1 . 1 3
t e r l e p a s d a r i k e m a u a n - k e m a u a n y a n g h i d u p d a r i k a l a n g a n
a n g g o t a m a s y a r a k a t .
M a s y a r a k a t s e b a g a i s i s t e r a s o s i a l s e n a n t i a s a m e n g a -
l a m i p e r u b a h a n - p e r u b a h a n . D e n g a n k a t a l a i n , p e r u b a h a n da™
l a m s i s t e m s o s i a l a d a l a h m e r u p a k a n h a l y a n g w a j a r ( n o r m a l ) .
P e r u b a h a n - p e r u b a h a n t e r s e b u t b u k a n b e r a r t i p e r u b a h a n s t r u k -
t u r d a n f u n g s i m a s y a r a k a t b e l a k a , t e t a p i j u g a t e n t a n g
n i l a i - n i l a i , k a i d a h - k a i d a h , p o l a - p o l a t i n g k a h l a k u , i n t e r -
a k s i s o s i a l d a n s e b a g a i n y a . P e r u b a h a n n i l a i , s i k a p , s e r t a
p o l a t i n g k a h l a k u m a s y a r a k a t t e r s e b u t d i s a t u p i h a k m e n y e -
b a b k a n a d a n y a p e r u b a h a n p a n d a n g a n k r i m i n o l o g i s t e r h a d a p s e j u m l a h p e r b u a t a n t e r t e n t u d a l a m k e h i d u p a n d a n p e n g h i d u p a n
m a s y a r a k a t . S e h u b u n g a n d e n g a n h a l t e r s e b u t F r i e d m a n n r a e -
n g a t a k a n b a h w a p e r u b a h a n n i l a i m e n y e b a b k a n s e j u m l a h p e r
b u a t a n y a n g s e m u l a d i a n g g a p ( d i n i l a i ) t i d a k t e r c e l a d a n t i i d a k d i t u n t u t p i d a n a , b e r u b a h m e n j a d i p e r b u a t a n y a n g d i
-1 4 .
p a n d a n g t e r c e l a d a n p e r l u d i p i d a n a * 1~ D a l a m k o n t e k s m a s y a
r a k a t I n d o n e s i a , p r o k l a m a s i k e m e r d e k a a n y a n g k e m u d i a n d i i -
k u t i d e n g a n p e r i s t i w a - p e r i s t i w a s o s i a l p o l i t i k d a n b e r r a a -
c a m - m a c a m p e r i s t i w a l a i n n y a t e l a h m e n i m b u l k a n s u a t u p e -
n g u b a h a n s o s i a l d a l a m k e h i d u p a n m a s y a r a k a t I n d o n e s i a * H a l
1 4 .
i n i d a p a t d i b u k t i k a n t e r h a d a p K U H P .
KUHP y a n g s e k a r a n g t e l a h b e r l a k u s e c a r a n a s i o n a l , s e s u n g g u h n y a t e l a h m e n i r a b u l k a n k e a d a a n y a n g d i s e b u t d e n g a n
" k e t e g a n g a n e v o l u s i o n e r " , y a i t u , t e l a h t e r b e l a k a n g a t a u
t e r k e j a r o l e h k e j a d i a n - k e j a d i a n k e m a s y a r a k a t a n . O l e h k a r e -
n a i t u , m a s y a r a k a t y a n g p a d a u m u m n y a m e m a n d a n g b a h w a s u a t u
p e r b u a t a n . i t u j a h a t ( s e b a g a i p e r b u a t a n p i d a n a ) y a n g p a t u t
d i p i d a n a , m a k a a p a b i l a d ’i h a d a p k a n k e p a d a KUHP t i d a k a k a n
d i a n c a m ( d i k l a s i f i k a s i k a n ) s e b a g a i p e r b u a t a n p i d a n a . S e b a
g a i i l u s t r a s i : S e b e l u m k e l u a m y a p u t u s a n M a h k a m a h A g u n g
W o . 3 4 9 K / K r / 1 9 8 0 t a n g g a l 2 9 N o p e m b e r 1 9 8 0 , y a n g k e m u d i a n
d i s u s u l o l e h S u r a t E d a r a n M a h k a m a h A g u n g t a n g g a l 3 1 D e s e m -
b e r 1 ' 9 8 0 , p a s a l 2 8 4 KUHP t e r h a d a p o r a n g y a n g b e r z i n a h m e -
n g a d a k a n d i s k r i m i n a s i H u k u m . P e r l a k u a n y a n g d i s k r i m i n a t i f
t e r s e b u t t a m p a k a p a b i l a s e o r a n g s u a m i y a n g t i d a k t u n d u k
d i b a w a h p a s a l 2 7 BW m e l a k u k a n p e r z i n a h a n , m a k a i a t i d a k
d a p a t ; d i k e n a i p i d a n a . S e d a n g k a n s e o r a n g i s t r i y a n g b e r z i
n a h d a p a t d i s a n g k u t k a n d a l a m p e r k a r a e k s p a s a l 2 8 4 ICQHP
t e r s e b u t . D e n g a n p e r k e m b a n g a n a t a u p e r u b a h a n p a n d a n g a n
m a s y a r a k a t , m a k a m e l a l n i i n t e r p r e t a s i , " b y w a y i n t e r p r e t a
t i o n " , k e l u a r l a h p u t u s a n M a h k a m a h A g u n g t e r s e b u t d i a t a s
s e b a g a i j a l a n k e l u a r u n t u k m e n y e s u a i k a n d e n g a n p a n d a n g a n 1 5
m a s y a r a k a t . J a d i , d e n g a n k e l u a r n y a p u t u s a n M a h k a m a h A g u n g
^ O e m a r S e n o A d j i , o n . c i t . , h . 2 7 .
15
K o * . 3 4 9 E / K r / 1 ' 9 8 0 , m a k a s e o r a n g s u a m i y a n g t i d a k b e r l a k u
t e r h a d a p n y a p a s a l 2 7 BW d a p a t d i k e n a i p a s a l 2 8 4 X U H P . D a r i
h a l t e r s e b u t d a p a t d i p a h a m i b a h w a d e n g a n m e n e m p a t k a n H u k u m
t i d a k t e r t u l i s d a l a m k e r a n g k a b e r l a k u n y a KUHP s e b a g a i H u k u m . t e r t u l i s , m a k a a k a n m e m b u a t u n d a n g - u n d a n g t e r s e b u t
t i d a k k a k u , m e l a i n k a n l u w e s ( f l e k s i b e l ) , m e n g i n g a t p a n d a n g -
a n - p a n d a n g a n d a l a m ' m a s y a r a k a t y a n g s e l a l u b e r g e r a k a k a n
d a p a t d i r e a l i s i r * .
D i l a i n p i h a k , d i a n u t n y a p a h a m . " m a t e r i e e l e w e d e r r e c h -
t e l i j k h e i d " ( s i f a t m e l a w a n h u k u m ' d a l a m a r t i m a t e r i i l ) o l e h
M a h k a m a h A g u n g s e b a g a i m a n a t a m p a k p a d a p u t u s a n k a s a s i n y a
t a n g g a l
8
J a m a r i 1 9 6 6 N o . 4 2 K / K r / l i 9 6 5 , s e s u n g g u h n y a m e r u -p a k a n u p a y a u n t u k r a e n c a p a i r a s a k e a d i l a n d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t
d a n m e n y e s u a i k a n d e n g a n p a n d a n g a n - p a n d a n g a n m a s y a r a k a t ,
d i i s a m p i n g k e p a s t i a n H u k u m i t u s e n d ' i r i * D i d a l a m p e r t i m b a n g - a n H u k u m p u t u s a n M a h k a m a h A g u n g t e r s e b u t d i k a t a k a n b a h w a
p a d a u m u m n y a s u a t u t i n d a k p i d a n a i t u d a p a t h i l a n g s i f a t n y a
s e b a g a i p e r b u a t a n y a n g " m e l a w a n H u k u m " , d i s a m p i n g b e r d a -
s a r k a n s u a t u k e t e n t u a n u n d a n g - u n d a n g , j u g a b e r d a s a r k a n
a s a s - a s a s H u k u m y a n g t i d a k t e r t u l i s d a n b e r s i f a t um um
( g a r i s b a w a h d a r i s a y a ) , m i s a l n y a : d a l a m h a l i n i , f a k t o r
n e g a r a t i d a k d i r u g i k a n , k e p e n t i n g a n u m u m t e t a p d a p a t d i - l a y a n i , d a n t e r d a k w a s e n d i r i t i d a k m e m p e r o l e h k e u n t u n g a n
*1
^t u k a n k a i d a h k a i d a h H u lcu m s e s u a i d e n g a n k o b u t u h a n t a h a p
t a h a p p e m b a n g u n a n n a s i o n a l . U n t u k m e m e n u h i a t a u m e n j a l a n
k a n f u n g s i t e r s e b u t h a r u s d i p e n u h i s y a r a t s y a r a t a g a r t u -1 9
j u a n n y a t e r c a p a i .
A t a s d a s a r k e t e n t u a n - k e t e n t u a n t e r s e b u t d i a t a s ,
m a k a m e n u r u t H e i m i e n H a d i a t i K o e s w a d j i b a h w a p e n g e r t i a n
p e r b u a t a n p i d a n a b u k a n l a h s e k e d a r ( t e r b a t a s ) p a d a y a n g d i - a t u r d a l a m K U H P . U a m u n , h a r u s l a h d i a r t i k a n j u g a p e r b u a t a n
p i d a n a b e r d a s a r k a n p e r a t u r a n H u lcu m P i d a n a y a n g t i d a k t e r
t u l i s , d e n g a n s y a r a t h a r u s y a n g t e t a p h i d u p d a n d i d u k u n g
o l e h m a s y a r a k a t , b a h k a n a k a n t e t a p d i j a t u h i p i d a n a b a g i
y a n g m e l a n g g a m y a
. 20
E f e k t i f i t a s b e r l a k u n y a H u lcu m P i d a n a A d a t d a l a m k e -
r a n g k a b e r l a k u n y a KUHP d a p a t k i t a l i h a t d a r i Y u r i s p r u d e n s i
M a h k a m a h A g u n g a t a u p u n p u t u s a n - p u t u s a n p e n g a d i l a n n e g r i # .
S u d a h c u k u p b a n y a k - p u t u s a n M a h k a m a h A g u n g a t a u p e n g a d i l a n
n e g r i y a n g d a p a t d i a n g g a p t e l a h m e m p e r k e m b a n g k a n b e r l a l c u n y a
H u lcu m P i d a n a A d a t , m i s a l n y a m a s a l a h p e r b u a t a n p i d a n a a d a t
" z i n a h
11
a t a u p e r b u a t a n - p e r b u a t a n y a n g s e j e n i s n y a , y a n g s e -s u n g g u h n y a p e r b u a t a n p i d a n a a d a t t e r s e b u t t i d a k m e m p u n y a i
p a s a l b a n d i n g a n d a l a m KUHP t e n t a n g " z i n a h " . S e b a g a i r a a n a k i t a
19
I b i d . , h . 3 3 - 3 4 .20
I b i d . , h . 2 7 .k e t a h u i b a h w a p a s a l 2 8 4 KUIIP y a n g r a e n g a t u r t e n t a n g z i n a h ,
m e n s y a r a t k a n a d a n y a " s t a t u s p e r k a w i n a n " t e r h a d a p p a r a p e -
l a k u . S e d a n g k a n p a d a k a s u s p e r b u a t a n p i d a n a a d a t s e b a g a i
m a n a Y u r i s p r u d e n s i d i b a w a h i n i , p a r a p e l a k u n y a " b e l u m k a -
w i n u . S e b a g a i c o n t o h :
1
* P u t u s a n MA N o. 666
K / P i d / 1 !9 8 4 t a n g g a l 2 3 F e b r u a -r i 1 ' 9 8 5 . K a s u s n y a t e r j a d i d i L u w u k , S u l a w e s i S e l a t a n : s e o r a n g l e l a k i s u d a h d e w a s a m e l a k u k a n
k u m p o l k e b o d e n g a n s e o r a n g w a n i t a y a n g j u g a s u
d a h d e w a s a s e h i n g g a w a n i t a t e r s e b u t h a m i l . S e - w a k t u d i a j a k m e n i k a h d e n g a n r e s m i , l a k i - l a k i t e r
s e b u t m e n o l a k n y a , b a h k a n m e n i k a h d e n g a n w a n i t a
l a i n . L a k i - l a k i t e r s e b u t d i a j u k a n k e p e n g a d i l a n
d a n d i j a t u h i p i d a n a s e l a m a t i g a b u l a n p e n j a r a
k a r e n a m e l a n g g a r H u k u m A d a t Z i n a h . L i s e t u j u i o l e h
M a h k a m a h A g u n g d e n g a n m e n u n j u k p a s a l 5 a y a t ( 3 )
b UU L a r . N o -.1 T h n . 1 ’ 9 5 f .
2 * K e p u t u s a n P N G - i a n y a r ( b a l i ) t a h u n 1 9 7 2 N o . 1 ’ 1 : /
P i d / 1 9 7 2 . A ( s e o r a n g l a k i - l a k i ) t e l a h n r e n g a d a k a n
h u b u n g a n k e l a m i n d e n g a n B ( s e o r a n g w a n i t a ) a t a s
d a s a r s u k a s a m a s u k a , s e h i n g g a m e n g a k i b a t k a n B h a m i l . K e m u d i a n , A t i d a k b e r s e d i a m e n g a w i n i n y a .
K e p u t u s a n P e n g a d i l a n N e g r i G i a n y a r , A d i j a t u h i
p i d a n a p e n j a r a s e l a m a t i g a b u l a n , d e n g a n s y a r a t
-r u t a d a t d e s a d a n m e m b a y a -r M a y a p e -r k a -r a , b e -r -
d a s a r k a n p e r b u a t a n p i d a n a " D o g i k a S a n g g r a h a " j o .
p a s a l
5
a y a t ( 3 ) b UU D a r * N o . f T h n . 1 9 5 1 . 213 * P u t u s a n MA t a n g g a l
8
O k t o b e r 1 9 7 9 N o . 1 9 5 K / K r /1978
, t e l a h m e n o l a k p e m o h o n a n k a s a s i o l e h y a n gd i n y a t a k a n s a l a h m e l a k u k a n p e r b u a t a n p i d a n a " L o -
g i k a S a n g g r a h a " (H u k u m A d a t B a l i ) , s e b a g a i m a n a
d i p u t u s k a n o l e h P e n g a d i l a n N e g r i d i G i a n y a r t a n g
g a l t A p r i l T 9 7 & # P e n o l a k a n p e r m o h o n a n k a s a s i
t e r s e b u t d i t u j u k a n t e r h a d a p p u t u s a n P e n g a d i l a n
T i n g g i N u s a T e n g g a r a d i D e n p a s a r t a n g g a l 2 6 A g u s ~
t u s 1 9 7 7 y a n g t i d a k m e n e r i m a p e i t n o h o n a n b a n d i n g
t e r p i d a n a t e r h a d a p p u t u s a n P e n g a d i l a n N e g r i d i
G i a n y a r t e r s e b u t .
O l e h p e n g a d i l a n t i n g g i d ' i t e g a s k a n b a h w a p e r b u a t
a n t e r s e b u t m e r u p a k a n " L o g i k a S a n g g r a h a " d a n t i
d a k a d a b a n d i n g a n n y a d a l a m K U H P . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n ,
p e r b u a t a n i t u t u n d u k p a d a p a s a l 5 a y a t ( 3 ) b UU
D a r . N o • 1: T h n . 1 ' 9 5 1 . P e r b u a t a n p i d a n a a d a t ( B a l i )
y a n g d i d a k w a k a n d a n d i p u t u s k a n t e r h a d a p I W S a d a -
l a h h u b u n g a n s e k s u a l d e n g a n N K S b e b e r a p a k a l i
a n t a r a t a h u n 1 9 7 1 ' d a n 1 9 7 5 d i r u m a h N K S , s e h i n g
-21 Ib id , . h.30
g a WKS h a m i l , t e t a p i I W S t i d a k b e r s e d i a m e n g a w i n i
K K S
. 22
D a r i k e t i g a k a s u s t e r s e b u t d i a t a s , t a m p a k b a h w a
h a k i m , d i d a l a m p u t u s a n n y a s e m a t a - r a a t a m e n d a s a r k a n k e p a d a
p a s a l 5 a y a t ( 3 ) b UU D a r . N o . l T h n r 1 i 9 5 1 d a n t i d a k t a m p a k
m e n y i n g g u n g p a s a l - p a s a l KUHP s e b a g a i b a n d i n g a n . D i s a m p i n g i t u , h a k i m , d e n g a n t e g a s m e n y e b u t p e r b u a t a n t e r s e b u t s e b a
g a i " p e r b u a t a n p i d a n a a d a t " , m i s a l n y a , " L o g i k a S a n g g r a h a " .
M a s i h b a n ^ a k l a g i Y u r i s p r u d e n s i y a n g m e n g h a s i l k a n
p u t u s a n s e r u p a , y a n g p a d a d a s a r n y a m e n g e m b a n g k a n b e r l a J c u
-n y a H u k u m P i d a -n a A d a t . S e b a g a i m a -n a d i k a t a k a -n o l e h O e m a r
S e n o A d j i b a h w a Y u r i s p r u d e n s i m e n j a b a r k a n H u k u m P i d a n a
A d a t , y a n g m e n u r u t UU D a r . N o . 1 T h n . 1 9 5 1 m a s i h d a p a t d i b e r -l a k u k a n o -l e h P e n g a d i -l a n U m u m , d a n d a -l a m t i n g k a t a n t e r a k h i r
o l e h M a h k a m a h A g u n g , m a s i h m e m p u n y a i r a i s o n d ' e t r e d a l a m
k e h i d u p a n H u k u m k i t a . B a i k y a n g m e m p u n y a i b a n d i n g a n d e n g a n
ICUHP a t a u p u n y a n g t i d a k m e m p u n y a i e k u i v a l e n d e n g a n KUHP m a s i h d i p e r k e n a n k a n m e n j a d i " s u m b e r l a n g s u n g " b a g i h a k i m
2*5 p i d a n a d a l a m . m e n g e t r a p k a n n y a .
M e n y a d a r i b a h w a H u k u m t i d a k t e r t u l i s y a n g b e n a r - b e n a r h i d u p d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t m a s i h b e r u r a t a k a r d a n d ' i -
p e r t a h a n k a n d e n g a n k o k o h n y a d a l a m k e h i d u p a n H u k u m d i I n
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h .t1 8 .
d o n e s i a , m a k a T a p M P R T V / M P R / H 9 7 3 y a n g u n t u k p e r t a m a k a l i -
n y a m e m u a t p o l i t i k H u k u m n a s i o n a l d a l a m B a b I V b a g i a n c ,
k h u s u s n y a t e n t a n g " H u k u m " m e n e g a s k a n b a h w a " P e n i n g k a t a n
d a n p e n y e m p u r n a a n p e m b i n a a n h u k u m n a s i o n a l , a n t a r a l a i n ;
m e n g a d a k a n p e m b a h a r u a n , k o d i f i k a s i , s e r t a u n i f i k a s i h u k u m
d i b i d a n g - b i d a n g t e r t e n t u d e n g a n j a l a n m e m p e r h a t i k a n k e s a -
d a r a n h u k u m d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t " .
A S A S L E G A L I T A S D A L A M K I T A B U N D A N G -U N D A H G HUKUM P I D A N A BAB. I l l
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s e b a g a i m a n a d a l a m p a s a l T a y a t (
1
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a s a s l e g a l i t a s , d e n g a n m a k s u d a g a r d i p e r o l e h s u a t u l a n d a s -
a n h i s t o r i s d i b e n t u k n y a a s a s t e r s e b u t *
P a r a p e n u l i s d a l a m m e m b a h a s s e j a r a h p e m b e n t u k a n
a s a s l e g a l i t a s , p a d a u m u m n y a m e m u l a i d e n g a n p e r i s t i w a -
p e r i s t i w a p a d a a b a d i X V I I I d i P e r a n c i s 1, t e r u t a m a p e r i s t i w a -
p e r i s t i w a y a n g t e r j a d i m e n j e l a n g p e c a h n y a r e v o l u s i P e r a n
c i s s a r a p a i p e c a h n y a r e v o l u s i P e r a n c i s i t u s e n d i r i . P a d a m a s a i t u , p a r a r a j a y a n g b e r k u a s a s e c a r a a b s o l u t b e r l a k u
s e w e n a n g - w e n a n g t e r h a d a p r a k y a t , k h u s u s n y a d i b i d a n g H u -
k u r a * K e s e w e n a n g - w e n a n g a n d i b i d a n g H u lcu m t e r s e b u t , b a i k
d a l a m h a l m e n e n t u k a n p e r b u a t a n - p e r b u a t a n y a n g d i a n g g a p t e r l a r a n g , m a u p u n j e n i s p i d a n a y a n g h e n d a k d i j a t u h k a n k e
p a d a o r a n g - o r a n g y a n g d i a n g g a p m e l a n g g a r l a r a n g a n - l a r a n g a n
t e r s e b u t . O l e h k a r e n a i t u , p a d a m a s a i t u , d a p a t d i k a t a k a n
" t i d a k a d a n y a s r u a t u k e p a s t i a n I -I u lc u m ".
P a d a r a u l a n y a , t i m - b u l p e r a i k i r a n - p e m i k i r a n k l a s i k
