Bidang Studi : Ekonomi Kode Berkas : EKO-T01 (soal)
1. Diketahui fungsi permintaan P = 22 – 0.0005Q dan fungsi penawaran Q = -12.000 + 5000P. Jika diketahui pemerintah mengenakan pajak T = 2.8 per unit, maka harga dan jumlah/kuantitas keseimbangan setelah pajak adalah ...
a. harga Rp12; jumlah 20.000 unit b. harga Rp10; jumlah 24.000 unit c. harga Rp8; jumlah 28.000 unit d. harga Rp6; jumlah 32.000 unit e. tidak ada jawaban yang benar
2. Diketahui fungsi permintaan Qd = 40 – P dan fungsi penawaran adalah Qs = -20 + 4P. Jika pemerintah menetapkan tax per unit sebesar Rp𝝳. Maka manakah pernyataan berikut yang benar berkaitan dengan beban pajak...
a. Semua pajak akan ditanggung konsumen b. Semua pajak akan ditanggung konsumen
c. Pajak akan ditanggung oleh konsumen maupun produsen, tapi sebagian besar akan ditanggung konsumen
d. Pajak akan ditanggung oleh konsumen maupun produsen, tapi sebagian besar akan ditanggung konsumen
e. Tidak bisa dijawab karena data yang diberikan tidak lengkap
3. The demand for cigarettes is price inelastic, implying that a unit tax on this commodity...
a. Will be mainly paid by sellers of the products b. Will be mainly paid by cigarette smokers c. Will be mainly paid by tobacco growers
d. Will result in an increase in cigarette smoking because of a higher price e. None of the above
4. Situasi di bawah ini yang mencerminkan kelangkaan suatu barang (bahan baku, barang jadi) adalah…
a. semakin sedikit perusahaan yang membuat atau menjual barang yang bersangkutan b. semakin sedikit orang yang membeli atau memakai barang yang bersangkutan c. semakin berebut orang-orang untuk membeli barang yang bersangkutan d. semakin tinggi pajak yang dikenakan atas barang yang bersangkutan e. semakin mahal harga barang yang bersangkutan
5. Suppose the incomes of buyers in a market for a particular normal good decrease and there is also a reduction in input prices. What would we expect to occur in this market?
a. Both equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity would increase b. Both equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity would decrease
c. The equilibrium price would decrease, but the impact on the amount sold in the market would increase
d. The equilibrium price would decrease, but the impact on the amount sold in the market would be ambiguous
e. The equilibrium price would increase, but the impact on the amount sold in the market would be ambiguous
6. Jika pemerintah menerapkan kebijakan subsidi per unit produksi kepada produsen, maka…
a. harga menjadi lebih rendah karena produsen semakin bemurah hati
b. harga tidak berubah sehingga produsen akan mendapat keuntungan sebesar besamya c. harga menjadi lebih rendah sehingga pembeli memperoleh manfaat ekonominya d. produsen akan mengurangi produksinya karena harga semakin rendah
e. keadaan tetap sama karena subsidi yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah akan ditutup oleh pajak dari masyarakat
7. If the price elasticity of demand is 1.2, then if price increases by 10 percent…
a. demand decrease by 1.2 percent b. demand decreases by 12 percent
c. Quantity demanded decreases by 12 percent d. Quantity demanded decreases by 1.2 percent e. None of the above
8. If a 10 percent increase in price causes a 10 percent reduction in quantity demanded, the demand is...
a. Perfectly elastic b. Elastic
c. Unit elastic d. Inelastic
e. None of the above
9. When the car companies lowered price from $15 to $14, it discovered...
a. Demand is price inelastic, and it lost revenues b. Demand is price inelastic, and it increased revenues c. Demand is price elastic, and it lost revenues
d. Demand is price elastic, and it increased revenues e. None of the above
10. If the cross-price elasticity of demand for two products is negative...
a. It is correct to take the absolute value and ignore the sign b. The demand curve for one of the products must be vertical c. One of the products will have price elastic demand
d. The two goods are complements e. None of the above
11. Economists point out that scarcity confronts...
a. neither the poor nor the rich
b. the poor but not the rich c. the rich but not the poor d. both the poor and the rich e. none of the above
12. When a textile company keeps track of its inventory using a computer and its competitor uses a pad of paper and a pencil, they are both answering the ______part of one of the two big economic questions.
a. "what"
b. "how"
c. "for whom"
d. "where"
e. none of the above
13. Overtime worked by a pelatihan-osn.com associate is considered ________ and earns ________.
a. labor; wages
b. entrepreneurship; profit c. human capital; interest d. labor; profit
e. none of the above
14. The fact that a rock star earns $5 million a year while a teacher earns $25,000 annually is most directly an example of an economy answering the ________ part of one of the two big economic questions.
a. "when"
b. "for whom"
c. "how"
d. "why"
e. none of the above
15. Putra has two hours of free time this evening. He ranked his alternatives, first go to a concert, second watch a movie, third study for an economics exam, and fourth answer his e-mail. What is the opportunity cost of attending the concert for Putra?
a. watching a movie
b. studying for an economics exam c. answering his e-mail
d. watching a movie, studying for an economics exam, and answering his e-mail e. None of the above
16. When the government chooses to spend the tax dollars that it collects on homeland security, its choice…
a. involves a tradeoff of other goods and services such as education for more homeland security
b. illustrates that scarcity does not always exist
c. involves no tradeoff because the defense is necessary
d. primarily affects who gets the goods and services produced e. none of the above
17. The Government of Indonesia uses tax funds to build and repair the interstate highway system and to provide health care services via BPJS. Suppose BPJS services are on the horizontal axis and highway miles are on the vertical axis of a PPF. If the government decides to reduce funding to BPJS, this change would be shown as...
a. a shift out of the PPF b. the PPF becoming flatter
c. a movement down along the PPF d. a movement up along the PPF e. None of the above
18. The price of a DVD rental is $2.50 and the price of a downloaded movie is $1.00. If the price of a DVD rental falls by $0.50, the relative price a downloaded movie...
a. rises b. falls
c. does not change
d. might change but more information is needed.
e. None of the above
19. Each point on the demand curve reflects...
a. all the wants of a given household
b. the highest price consumers are willing and able to pay for that particular unit of a good c. the highest price sellers will accept for all units they are producing
d. the lowest-cost technology available to produce a good e. None of the above
20. Oatmeal is a normal good and cold cereal is a substitute for oatmeal. Raisins are a complement for oatmeal. Which of the following increases the demand for oatmeal?
a. an increase in the price of raisins b. a decrease in income
c. a decrease in population
d. an increase in the price of cold cereal e. None of the above
21. A decrease in the price of bowling shifts the...
a. demand curve for bowling balls leftward b. demand curve for bowling balls rightward c. supply curve of bowling balls leftward d. supply curve of bowling balls rightward e. None of the above
22. A decrease in the expected future price of cars...
a. increases the current quantity demanded of cars, that is, there is a movement downward along the demand curve for cars
b. increases the current demand for cars, that is, there is a rightward shift of the demand curve for cars
c. decreases the current quantity demanded of cars, that is, there is a movement upward along the demand curve for cars
d. decreases the current demand for cars, that is, there is a leftward shift of the demand curve for cars
e. none of the above
23. A technological improvement lowers the cost of producing smartphone. At the same time, consumers' preferences for smartphone increase. The equilibrium price of smartphone will...
a. rise b. fall
c. remain the same
d. rise, fall, or stay the same, depending on the relative size of the shifts in the demand and supply curves
e. none of the above
24. Cable television companies must pay increased charges by the networks for the programs the cable companies carry. As a result, the price of cable television rises. Thus...
a. the demand curve for cable television service shifts rightward b. the demand curve for cable television service shifts leftward
c. there is a movement down the demand curve for cable television to a higher quantity demanded
d. there is a movement up the demand curve for cable television to a smaller quantity demanded
e. none of the above
25. Wages for workers producing iPods and similar products will rise next year. Walkman Watch asks you to predict the effect of this change in next year's market for iPods. You predict that the major effect will be that the...
a. demand curve for an iPod will shift rightward b. demand curve for an iPod will shift leftward c. supply curve for an iPod will shift leftward d. supply curve for an iPod will shift rightward e. none of the above
26. Good A and good B are substitutes in production. The demand for good A decreases, which lowers the price of good A. The decrease in the price of good A...
a. decreases the supply of good B b. increases the supply of good B c. decreases the demand for good B d. increases the demand for good B e. none of the above
27. Each point on a supply curve represents...
a. the highest price buyers will pay for the good
b. the lowest price for which a supplier can profitably sell another unit c. the lowest price buyers will accept per unit of the good
d. the highest price sellers can get for each unit over time e. none of the above
28. Which of the following correctly describes how price adjustments eliminate a surplus?
a. As the price rises, the quantity demanded decreases while the quantity supplied increases b. As the price rises, the quantity demanded increases while the quantity supplied decreases c. As the price falls, the quantity demanded decreases while the quantity supplied increases d. As the price falls, the quantity demanded increases while the quantity supplied decreases e. None of the above
29. Between 2000 and 2010, the price of a PC fell and the quantity of PCs sold increased. Which of the explanations below is consistent with these facts?
a. The demand for PCs increased by more than the supply of PCs increased b. The supply of PCs increased by more than the demand for PCs increased c. The demand for PCs decreased by more than the supply of PCs increased d. Both the supply of PCs and the demand for PCs decreased
e. None of the above
30. In the above figure, a change in quantity demanded with unchanged demand is represented by a movement from
a. point a to point e b. point a to point b c. point a to point c
d. point a to point d
e. None of the above represent a change in the quantity demanded with an unchanged demand
31. In the above figure, if D2 is the demand curve, then a price of P3 would result in...
a. a shortage of Q3 - Q1 b. a shortage of Q4 - Q3 c. a surplus of Q3 - Q1 d. a surplus of Q4 - Q0 e. none of the above
32. In the above figure, if D2 is the original demand curve and the price of a substitute in consumption rises, which price and quantity might result?
a. point a, with price P2 and quantity Q2 b. point b, with price P1 and quantity Q1 c. point c, with price P3 and quantity Q3 d. point d, with price P1 and quantity Q3 e. None of the above
33. In the above figure, if D2 is the original demand curve and consumers come to expect that the price of the good will rise in the future, which price and quantity might result?
a. point a, with price P2 and quantity Q2 b. point b, with price P1 and quantity Q1 c. point c, with price P3 and quantity Q3 d. point d, with price P1 and quantity Q3 e. None of the above
34. You can buy a season ticket to the Metropolitan Opera for $800. A season ticket plan to see the New York Knicks is $1600. Which of the following is a correct statement?
a. The money price of opera tickets is 1/2 of a Knicks ticket per opera ticket b. The opportunity cost of a Knicks ticket is 2 opera tickets per Knicks ticket c. The relative price of an opera ticket is $800
d. The money price of a Knicks ticket is 2 opera tickets per Knicks ticket e. None of the above
35. If an economy is operating at a point inside the production possibilities frontier, then...
a. society's resources are being inefficiently utilized.
b. the PPF curve will shift inward.
c. society's resources are being used to produce too many consumer goods.
d. economic policy must retard further growth of the economy.
e. None of the above
36. A reduction in the amount of unemployment...
a. shifts the production possibilities frontier outward.
b. moves the economy's point of production closer to the production possibilities frontier.
c. moves the economy's point of production along the production possibilities frontier.
d. moves the economy's point of production further away from the production possibilities frontier.
e. None of the above
37. The cost of producing aspirin increases simultaneously as doctors find that one aspirin per day reduces the risk of heart attacks. The supply of aspirin ____and the demand for aspirin ____so that the equilibrium price of aspirin ____.
a. increases; increases; rises b. decreases; increases; rises
c. increases; decreases; might rise, fall, or stay the same d. decreases; increases; might rise, fall, or stay the same e. None of the above
38. All Mango juice producers have decided to blend dragon fruit juice with the mango juice. This blend results in a higher cost of production, but studies show that consumers prefer the taste of the blend to straight mango juice. What will happen to the equilibrium price and quantity of the new "blended" mango juice now that it costs more to produce but consumers like it better?
a. The price rises and the quantity increases.
b. The price falls and the quantity increases.
c. The effect on the price is uncertain but the quantity increases.
d. The price rises, but the effect on the quantity is uncertain.
e. None of the above
39. The price elasticity of demand for furniture is estimated at 5.7. This value means a one percent increase in the…
a. price of furniture will increase the quantity of furniture demanded by 5.7 percent b. price of furniture will decrease the quantity of furniture demanded by 5.7 percent c. quantity of furniture demanded will decrease the price of furniture by 5.7 percent d. quantity of furniture demanded will increase the price of furniture by 5.7 percent e. quantity of furniture demanded will constant the price of furniture by 5.7 percent
40. Using the above figure, suppose that roses are a normal good. If incomes decrease while simultaneously there is an increase in the price of the resources used to produce roses, then...
a. the price will definitely increase above $25 per dozen roses b. the quantity will definitely decrease below 10 dozen roses c. the price will definitely decrease below $25 per dozen roses d. we cannot tell what will happen to equilibrium quantity e. none of the above
