HEALTH NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE OF PREK TORL CAMBODIA: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
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(2) . ABSTRACTS Background:
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(65) ISSN: 2460-9684. [VOLUME: 01 – NOMOR 01 – OKTOBER 2015]. MASALAH KESEHATAN DI MASYARAKAT PNOMPHEN – KAMBOJA: METODE POTONG LINTANG Mitra Andini Sigilipoe1, Katrin Tsang2 1 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana 2 School Of Public Health and Primary Care Chinese University of Hong Kong
(66) ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya telah menyatakan adanya masalah kesehatan di populasi masyarakat yang hidup di dalam atau sekitar Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA). Masalah kesehatan yang timbul terutama berkaitan dengan kesehatan ibu dan anak, seperti Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR), abortus spontan, angka mortalitas neonatus, serta masalah kesehatan lainnya. Di suatu daerah yang bernama Prek Torl, di Pnomh Penh-Kamboja, terdapat suatu populasi yang tinggal di area TPA. Populasi ini terdiri dari kurang lebih 200 keluarga, dengan tingkat ekonomi di bawah garis kemiskinan. Di dalam populasi ini terdapat sejumlah perempuan usia produktif (18-49 tahun) yang tinggal berdekatan dengan tumpukan sampah dan terpapar oleh zat-zat berbahaya dari tumpukan sampah tersebut. Tujuan dan Manfaat: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan masalah kesehatan yang ada di populasi Prek Torl, terutama yang berkaitan dengan kesehatan ibu dan anak. Metode: Pada tahun 2012 dan 2013, Survey Kesehatan Rumah Tangga dilaksanakan di Prek Torl oleh satu tim dari S.H. Ho College, di bawah supervisi Prof. Katrina Tsang. Survey dilaksanakan dalam 3 hari, di bulan Juni 2012 dan 2013. Sebanyak 88 dan 90 Kepala Keluarga (KK) berpartisipasi dalam survey ini, dan mereka terpilih melalui metode . Data yang terkumpul
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(75) Kamboja 2010. Analisa bivariat juga dilakukan untuk mencari korelasi antara tingkat pendidikan atau pendapatan dengan pemanfaatan pemeriksaan kehamilan (antenatal care = ANC), angka mortalitas neonatus/<1 tahun/<5 tahun. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menemukan adanya korelasi antara tingkat pendidikan dan pendapatan dengan tingkat pemanfaatan ANC. Persepsi terhadap akses pelayanan kesehatan tidak sesuai dengan pemanfaatan ANC. Penelitian lebih lanjut, terutama dengan metode kualitatif, diperlukan untuk mengeksplorasi alasan kurangnya pemanfaatan ANC di populasi ini, dengan harapan hasil dari penelitian ini dan berikutnya dapat berkontribusi dalam penyusunan program kesehatan ibu dan anak yang bermanfaat untuk populasi Prek Torl.. Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran Duta Wacana. 51.
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(704) . Table 1. Comparison between Prek Torl’s Household Survey of 2012-2013 and Cambodia’s Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 20108 No. Questions. 2012. 1. Total Household which was surveyed 88. 2013. 2010 DHS 2010 Cambodia Pnomh Penh DHS. 90. 15,667 18,754. Demographic: 2. Sex: Female. 81. 75. 3. Sex: Male. 19. 13. 8,239 a. 4. Occupation: trash collector (%). 47. 52. 6,8. 5. Education NONE (%). 41. 48,8. F: 8,8 M:3,4. F: 15,9 M: 7,8. Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran Duta Wacana. 57.
(705) [VOLUME: 01 – NOMOR 01 – OKTOBER 2015]. 6. Education primary 1-6 years (%). 7. Education primary >7 Years (%). 28. ISSN: 2460-9684. 32,3. F: 36 M:25,4. F: 49 M: 41,2. 16,8. F: 32,1 M:34,5. F: 34,7 M: 51. Maternal Health and Child Health (%): 8. No ANC. 31,8. 10,3. 9. Yes ANC. 54,5. 89,7. 10. home delivery. 18,4. 6,4. 45,4. 11. Birth: delivered by skilled attendant. 64,3. 98,8. 71. 12. Birth: delivered by TBA/ kru Khmer/ others. 22,9. 0,9. 28,2. 13. infant mortality. 14. BCG Vaccination. 17,4b. 45/1000c. 12,4b 96,6. 78,2. 94,3. 1RWHV a. 3HUFHQWDJHIRUXQVNLOOHGODERULQ3QRPK3HQKDVWKH&DPERGLD¶V'+6GLGQRWKDYHFDWHJRU\RIWUDVKFROOHFWRU b. 3HUFHQWDJHRIKRXVHKROGZKRVWDWHGWKDWWKH\KDYHKDGDQLQIDQWZKRGLHGEHIRUHUVWELUWKGD\ c. ,QIDQWPRUWDOLW\UDWHDVVWDWHGE\&DPERGLD¶V'+6. Correlation between variables Table 2. Prek Torl household survey of 2012 Variables. Pearson’s correlation. Sig. (2-tailed). Spearman Correlation. Sig. (2-tailed). Household income – infant mortality. -0,019. 0,861. 0,033. 0,759. Education attainment years – infant mortality. 0,091. 0,416. 0,128. 0,253. Spearman Correlation. Sig. (2-tailed). Table 3. Prek Torl household survey of 2013 Variables. Pearson’s correlation. Sig. (2-tailed). Education attainment years - 0,313 Occupation. 0,004a. 0,010. 0,928. Household income – ANC visit -0,068. 0,592. -0,011. 0,932. Household income – infant 0,080 mortality. 0,457. -0,196. 0,066. Education attainment years – 0,009 frequency of ANC visits. 0,947. 0,264. 0,041b. Education attainment years – 0,118 infant mortality. 0,287. -,102. 0,359. Frequency of ANC visits – 0,021 infant mortality. 0,870. 0,120. 0,348. 1RWHV a. 6LJQL¿FDQFHDWWKHOHYHORI b. 6LJQL¿FDQFHDWWKHOHYHORI . 58. Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran Duta Wacana.
(706) ISSN: 2460-9684. [VOLUME: 01 – NOMOR 01 – OKTOBER 2015]. Table 4. Prek Torl’s 2013 survey: Chi Square’s test of independence (Crosstabs) Variables. Pearson df chi square. Asymp. Sig (2 sided). Likelihood ratio. Asymp. Sig Fisher exact test (2 sided) Exact sig. (2-sided). Literacy (Yes, No) – Use ANC (Yes, No). 0,269. 1. 0,586. 0,299. 0,585. 0,614. 2,223 Use ANC (Yes, No) – Infant Death (Yes, No). 1. 0,136. 2,164. 0,141. 0,169. 0,0781 Literacy (Yes, No) - Infant Death (Yes, No). 1. 0,781. 0,079. 0,779. 1,000. DISCUSSION
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