30 membaca. Selain itu tugas menulis buku harian setiap hari cukup menyulitkan bagi orangtua yang tidak terbiasa menulis ataupun menuliskan pengalamannya, sehingga data yang didapatkan menjadi terbatas. Media cetak dan penugasan buku harian tidak cocok diberikan pada orangtua dengan keterbatasan tingkat pendidikan dan minat baca. Media psikoedukasi dalam bentuk film dapat dipertimbangkan karena film dapat berfungsi sebagai media penyampaian pesan yang lebih efektif dibanding tulisan dan kata-kata (Dewi K. S., 2012).
Penggunaan single case experimental design yang berfokus pada individu dan tidak memungkinkan komparasi kelompok, menjadi keterbatasan penelitian ini. Kriteria utama efektifitas hasil eksperimen dengan desain ini adalah signifikansi klinis bukan signifikansi statistika, sehingga generalisasi hasil penelitian menjadi terbatas pada kondisi partisipan yang sama. Hal ini kurang sesuai untuk menguji efektivitas suatu intervensi dengan tujuan sasaran yang lebih luas, misalnya untuk seluruh orangtua pendamping ODS. Salah satu kendala yang dialami adalah kesulitan untuk merekrut partisipan dalam jumlah yang lebih besar dan kesediaan waktu untuk mengikuti intervensi.
Kesimpulan
Orangtua mengalami beban akibat bertambahnya tanggung jawab merawat anak yang mengalami Skizofrenia. Beban yang dirasakan adalah tingginya tuntutan pendampingan akibat gejala ODS, kekhawatiran dengan masa depan, masalah finansial, kelelahan fisik dan distress psikologi. Program BANGKIT dapat meningkatkan kepuasan hidup pada orangtua pendamping orang dengan Skizofrenia. Peningkatan kepuasan hidup ditandai dengan menurunnya beban dan bertambahnya suasana hati yang menyenangkan. Faktor yang mempengaruhi peningkatan kepuasan hidup dalam penelitian ini adalah dukungan sosial, berkurangnya gejala ODS dan berkurangnya bantuan yang diberikan, meningkatnya self esteem, optimisme dan adanya makna hidup (purpose in life) pada orangtua ODS.
31 Saran
a. Saran untuk penelitian selanjutnya
Penambahan jumlah partisipan penelitian sehingga data yang didapatkan lebih komprehensif. Desain penelitian dapat menggunakan control group design yang menghasilkan kesimpulan dengan generalisasi yang dapat dibandingkan dengan rata-rata kelompok (Horner, Carr, Halle, McGee, & Woler, 2005). Keberadaan kelompok kontrol akan membuat desain eksperimental menjadi lebih efisien, uji kemaknaan menjadi lebih sensitif dan meningkatkan kuat uji (power test) karena perlakuan (Latipun, 2002). Selain itu, perlu dilakukan tindak lanjut (follow up) untuk mengetahui jangka waktu bertahannya efek intervensi.
b. Saran untuk praktisi
Psikolog maupun tenaga kesehatan di layanan kesehatan dapat menggunakan program BANGKIT sebagai psikoedukasi pada orangtua ODS dengan kondisi tertentu. Setelah pemberian intervensi, perlu tetap dilakukan tindak lanjut untuk memberikan dukungan sosial atau membentuk kelompok dukungan atau mengajak pendamping untuk bergabung dengan kelompok yang sudah ada. c. Saran untuk partisipan
Partisipan diharapkan untuk tetap menerapkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan yang telah didapatkan dalam intervensi. Buku pegangan peserta yang telah diberikan dapat digunakan untuk membantu mengingat atau menjadi panduan dalam menghadapi berbagai situasi pendampingan.
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