x
RINGKASAN
Salak [Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss] merupakan tanaman asli Indonesia. Tanaman ini memiliki ragam kultivar yang dapat dibedakan berdasarkan asal daerah, warna kulit, warna daging, aroma dan rasa buah. Di kabupaten Banyumas terdapat tiga kultivar salak lokal yaitu S. zalacca ‘Kedung Paruk’, S. zalacca ‘Kalisube’ dan S. zalacca ‘Candinegara’.
Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui struktur dan karakter anatomi daun pada tiga kultivar salak lokal di Kabupaten Banyumas. Metode yang digunakan adalah survai, dengan pengambilan sampel secara Purposive Random Sampling sedangkan pembuatan preparat anatomi menggunakan metode parafin. Variabel yang diamati berupa karakter anatomi daun. Parameter yang diukur meliputi ketebalan kutikula, ketebalan mesofil, ketebalan epidermis, ukuran stomata, jumlah stomata serta jumlah trikoma. Data kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif.
Hasil penelitian ketiga kultivar tanaman salak mempunyai struktur anatomi daun yang sama terdiri dari tiga sistem jaringan yaitu epidermis, mesofil, dan berkas pembuluh serta adanya kristal ca-oksalat. Perbedaannya terletak pada Kultivar Kalisube memiliki kutikula paling tebal 5,48 µm sedangkan paling tipis dimiliki oleh kultivar Candinegara 5,00 µm. Kultivar Candinegara memiliki lapisan epidermis paling tebal 13,13 µm sedangkan lapisan epidermis paling tipis dimiliki kultivar Kalisube 11,63 µm. Kultivar dengan mesofil paling tebal adalah Kedung Paruk 133,50 µm sedangkan salak Kalisube memiliki mesofil paling tipis 115,50 µm. Ukuran stomata bervariasi dengan panjang antara 14-16,50 µm dan lebar 3,20-3,35 µm. Kultivar Kalisube memiliki jumlah stomata paling tinggi yaitu 28,80 stomata per 1 mm2 luas daun sedangkan paling rendah dimiliki Kedung Paruk 20,80 stomata per 1 mm2 luas epidermis daun. Kultivar Kedung Paruk dan Kalisube memiliki 1 trikoma per 1 mm2 luas daun, sedangkan pada kultivar Candinegara tidak memiliki trikoma.
Kata kunci: anatomi daun, kultivar salak lokal, metode parafin
xi
SUMMARY
Salak [Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss] is native of Indonesia. This plants has cultivars that can be distinguished based on region of origin, rind color, fruit flesh color, scent and taste of the fruit. In Banyumas regency, there are three local salak cultivars namely S. zalacca 'Kedung Paruk', S. zalacca 'Kalisube' and S. zalacca 'Candinegara'.
The aim of this study was to determine the structure and character of the leaf anatomy of three local salak cultivars in Banyumas Regency. The method used was a survey, with Purposive Random Sampling while the creation of anatomy preparations was a paraffin method. The variables were leaf anatomical characters. i.e the cuticle thickness, mesophyll thickness, epidermis thickness, stomata size, number of stomata, and trichomes. The data was then analyzed descriptively.
The results showed that three cultivars have the same leaf anatomy structure. The leaf anatomy structure consisted of three tissue system there are epidermal, mesophyll, tissue transport and presence of ca-oxalate crystals. The differences in the cultivar of Kalisube have the thickness cuticle was 5.48 µm while Candinegara with thinnest was 5.00 µm. cultivars of Candinegara with thickness the epidermal layer was 13.13 µm while Kalisube with thinnest was 11.63 µm. Cultivar of Kedung Paruk with thickness of mesophyll was 133.50 µm while Candinegara with thinnest of mesophyll was 115.50 µm. The varies of stomata size with the length and width of between 14 to 16.50 µm from 3.20 to 3.35 µm. Kalisube had the highest number of stomata per 1 mm2 unit of leaf area which were 28.80 stoma. Kedung Paruk had the fewest number of stomata which were 20.80 stoma. Trichomata on Kedung Paruk and Kalisube was the only one trichomes per 1 mm2 unit of leaf area, while the cultivars of Candinegara didn’t have trichomes.
Keywords: anatomy of leaves, local salak cultivars, parafin method
