ETHNICITY IN KHALED HOSSEINI’S NOVELS (THE KITE
RUNNER, A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS, ANDAND THE
MOUNTAIN ECHOED): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfilment of Requirements for
Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department
by:
DIAN RATNA PERTIWI
A320120172
TESTIMONY
I am the researcher, signed the statement below: Name : Dian Ratna Pertiwi
NIM : A320120172
Study Program : Department of English Education
Title : ETHNICITY IN KHALED HOSSEINI’S NOVELS (THE KITE RUNNER, A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS, AND AND THE MOUNTAIN ECHOED): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
Herewith, I testify that there is no plagiarism in this Research Paper. As far as I know, there is no literary work that has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of university. Nor there are option masterpiece that has been written or published by others, except those in which the writing are referred manuscript and mentioned in the literary review and bibliography.
Hence, later, if it proves that there are some untrue statements in this testimony, I will hold fully responsible.
Surakarta, 11th of August, 2016 The researcher
APPROVAL
ETHNICITY IN KHALED HOSSEINI’S NOVELS(THE KITE RUNNER, A
THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS, ANDAND THE MOUNTAIN ECHOED): A
SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
By:
DIAN RATNA PERTIWI A320120172
Approved to be examined by,
Consultant I
ACCEPTANCE
ETHNICITY IN KHALED HOSSEINI’S NOVELS (THE KITE RUNNER, A
THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS, AND AND THE MOUNTAIN ECHOED: A
SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
by:
DIAN RATNA PERTIWI A320120172
Accepted by the Board of Examiners Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta on Augustus 2016
The Board of Examiners: 1. Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S.
(Chair Person)
(………..…)
2. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed (Member I)
(………..)
3. Titis Setyabudi S.S., M.Hum (Member II)
(………..)
Dean,
MOTTO
“The best way out is always through.” (Robert Frost)
“Take the first step in faith. You don’t have to see the whole staircase, just take the first step.”
(Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.) “Feel the fear and do it anyway.”
(Tamara Mellon)
DEDICATION
I dedicated this research paper to:
My beloved mother Karti and my father Suliyo who always pray for my success and supporting me.
ABSTRACT
Dian Ratna Pertiwi. A320120172. ETHNICITY IN KHALED HOSSEINI’S NOVELS (THE KITE RUNNER, A THOUSAND
SPLENDID SUNS, ANDAND THE MOUNTAIN ECHOED): A
SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH. Research Paper. School of Teacher Training and Education. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. Augustus, 2016.
This study is about ethnicity in Khaled Hosseini’s novels entitled The Kite Runner, A Thousand Splendid Suns, and And The Mountain Echoed. The novels are analyzed by using Sociological approach. The objectives of this study are to find out the ethnic identity in ethnicity, the types of ethnic, and the researcher concerns about ethnicity in society especially in Afghanistan. This research belongs to qualitative research. The primary data of this study are The Kite Runner, A Thousand Splendid Suns and And The Mountain Echoed by Khaled Hosseini novels. The secondary data of this study are taken from literary books, virtual sources and other sources that related to the issue of ethnicity. This study comes to conclusions as follows; first, four indicators indicate ethnic identity, the language, the religion, the physical traits and the fashion style. Second, the types of ethnicity is described in four types, primary and secondary ethnic group, the folk-community and nationality-community ethnic group, the majority and minority ethnic group, also the young and old ethnic group. Third, Khaled Hosseini has a concern for the suffering of Afghan people. He concerns about the oppression based on ethnicity, race or gender. Hosseini shows his hand to the minority ethnic group in Afghanistan, he gives the critique of the war that never ended, poverty and famine because of war caused death. He wants to promote gender and ethnic equality in Afghanistan.
ABSTRAK
Dian Ratna Pertiwi. A320120172. ETHNICITY IN KHALED HOSSEINI’S NOVELS (THE KITE RUNNER, A THOUSAND
SPLENDID SUNS, AND AND THE MOUNTAIN ECHOED): A
SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH. Skripsi. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Agustus, 2016.
Penelitian ini membahas tentang etnik di dalam novel karya Khaled Hosseini yang berjudul The Kite Runner, A Thousand Splendid Suns dan And The Mountain Echoed yang dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan Sosiologi. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui identitas etnik, jenis etnik, dan keprihatinan penulis tentang etnisitan terutama pada Masyarakat Afghanistan. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian kualitatif. Data primer dari penelitian ini adalah novel The Kite Runner, A thousand Splendid Suns dan And The Mountain Echoed oleh Khaled Hosseini. Data sekunder dari penelitian ini diambil dari, buku sastra, suber virtual, dan sumber lain yang terkait dengan isu etnis. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut. Pertama, ada empat indikator yang menunjukkan identitas etnis yaitu bahasa, agama, ciri-ciri fisik dan gaya berpakaian. Kedua, ada empat jenis etnis yang dideskripsikan yaitu kelompok etnis primer dan sekunder, kelompok etnis rakyat-masyarakat dan masyarakat kebangsaan, kelompok masyarkat mayoritas dan minoritas, serta kelompok etnis tua dan muda. Ketiga, Khaled Hosseini memiliki kepedulian terhadap penderitaan masyarakat Afghanistan. Dia prihatin dengan penindasan berdasarkan etnis, rasa atau gender yang terjadi. Hosseini menunjukkan kepeduliannya terhadap kelompok etnik minoritas yang ada di Afghanistan, dia mengkritik perang yang tidak pernah berakhir, kemiskinan dan kelaparan karena perang yang mengakibatkan kematian. Khaled Hosseini mendukung kesetaraan gender dan etnis yang ada di Afghanistan.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
AssalamualaikumWarahmatullahiWabarakatu
Alhamdulillahirabbil ‘alaamiin, all praises belong to Allah SubhanallahuwaTa’ala who established me to complete this research paper and had given me dreams to look forward to. Uncountable appreciation and deepest gratitude for support and encouragement are dedicated particularly to the certain people or groups who in one way or another have directly or indirectly contributed in finishing this research paper:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum, the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta who has given the legalization towards this research paper.
2. MaulyHalwatHikmat, Ph.D, the Head of English Department for the agreement of finishing this research paper.
3. Dr. M. Thoyibi. M.S., the first consultant who has supported and gave the researcher guidance patiently to do this research by giving the best advice and suggestions, so the researcher can enrich her knowledge about literature.
4. Dr. Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, S.Pd., M.Ed., as the academic consultant who has given the researcher guidance and she is the amazing woman who I ever met.
5. All the lecturers in English Department in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. I could not have done this without you. Thank you for all of your support along the way.
6. My beloved parents (Bapak Suliyo and Ibu Karti), thank for your endless love, prayers, and support to do this research paper.
7. My beloved brother Arif Permana Putra and Dwi Junianti Lestari who have given me support, care, and prayers.
8. All of my big family who gives a lot of supporting contributions in my education.
9. Thanks to Adi Prima Desma, Dyah Ayu Kusuma Wardani, Endah Dwi Sulistyowati, Indra Yudha Setiawan, Kartika Candra Dewi, Rosin Novaditya Nur Wahid, and Yoppy Probo Utomo. Thanks for support and encouragement during the past four years of our bachelor degree journey.
10. The decade team and, who has given the best performance of drama and the other precious moments during and after drama.
13. To my boarding house partners for the four years past, Ratna Sari, Mega, Mb Sir, Mb Tari, Mb Anjar, Mb Oen, Lupita, Harlina, Kak Tata, you are my new sister and family. Hopefully our friendship will always exist.
14. To my lovely friends Devi, Rihilda, Maulidya, Tria Aprilia, May, Marselina, Intan, Afrel, Ajeng, Eva see you on top guys.
15. All of parties who cannot mentioned one by one, who have support me a lot. The researcher realizes that this research paper is far from being perfect. She hopes that this research paper would be valuable for the readers, suggestion and criticisms are expected.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ……… xi
LIST OF PICTURE……….. xiii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study……….. 1
B. Problem Statement……….... 7
C. Objectives of the Study………... 7
D. Limitation of the Study………. 8
E. Benefits of the Study………. 8
F. Research Paper Organization……….... 8
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW A. Underlying Theory……….... 10
1. The Notion of Sociology of Literature……… 10
2. Types of Sociology of Literature……… 11
a) Literary works as Social Document……….. 11
b) Literary works as the Reflection of Social Situation of the Writer……….. 12
c) Literary as The Manifestation of the Historical Moment………. 13
3. Notion of Ethnicity………. 14
a. Ethnic identity……….. 15
b. Types of Ethnicity………. 16
C. Theoretical Application………. 22
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD A. Types of the Study……… 23
B. Object of the Study……… 23
C. Type of the Data and Data Source……… 24
1. Primary sources……… 24
2. Secondary sources……… 24
D. Technique of the Data Collection……….. 24
E. Technique of the Data Analysis……… 26
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION A. Main Findings………... 27
a. Primary and secondary ethnic group……… 63
b. Folk-community and nationality- community ethnic group……… 64
c. Majority and minority ethnic group……….. 68
d. Young and old ethnic group……….. 69
B. Discussion………. 69
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, SUGGESTION, AND PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION A. Conclusion……… 74
B. Suggestion………. 75
C. Pedagogical Implication……… 76
BIBILIOGRAPHY……… 77
LIST OF PICTURE
Picture 4.1 Example of Caracul hat that is used by Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai at a news conference in Kabul
Picture 4.2 Example of Pakol hat that is used by Ahmad Shah Massoud Picture 4.3 Example of Chapan
Picture 4.4 Example of kind of Turban color and style that is used by Afghan Picture 4.5 Example of Pirhan-tumbanthat is used by Afghan men
